Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

: Traditional manual matrix boards present significant limitations in dynamic environments due to their static nature and the time-consuming process of updating information. This paper presents the design and implementation of an adaptive LED matrix display system that overcomes these challenges by providing a flexible, microcontroller-based solution for dynamic information dissemination. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno (ATmega328P) as the central processing unit to control an 8x8 LED matrix via multiplexing techniques, enabling the display of both static and scrolling text messages. The core innovation of this work lies in its adaptive display capability, which allows a user to switch between different display modes--including static text and scrolling text--through a simple push-button interface, eliminating the need for reprogramming. The hardware architecture, software implementation using the Arduino IDE, and the system's working principle are discussed in detail. The results demonstrate that the system achieves clear text visibility with low power consumption and rapid mode-switching response. This cost-effective and user-friendly design is highly applicable for use in educational institutions, offices, and public spaces as a modern alternative to conventional notice boards.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Arduino Uno, LED Matrix, Adaptive Display, Embedded System, Digital Notice Board, Multiplexing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT- Intrauterine growth restriction has been defined as babies with birth weight below the tenth percentile for a given gestational age for a given populationas a result of pathological restriction in their ability to grow. While going through Ayurved Classics it is revealed that garbhshosh is one of the diseases which can be comparable to intrauterine growth restriction in modern medicine. Nowadays people of present era are looking forward for Ayurveda treatment modalities for safe and effective management,hence here is an attempt to expand the concept of IUGR according to Ayurveda and its management by using vidaryadi Kshirpan.Present case study found to be effective in correcting intrauterine growth Restriction and oligohydroamnios The present case study of 28 years primi diagnosed with IUGR, we have started Vidaryadi Kshirpan along with diet modification her Amniotic fluid index improved and the pregnancy continued till term.she underwent lower uterine caesarean section due to failed induction at 39 weeks ,delivered a healthy female baby of birth weight 2.97 kg with APGAR score of 9 at 1 minute.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS- IUGR,Garbhshosh,Vidaryadi Kshirpan,oligohydroamnios, Pregnancy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines the socio-economic conditions and disaster vulnerability of coastal populations in Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh. A total of 540 households were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling from ten disaster-prone villages. The findings reveal that a majority of respondents have low educational attainment and high exposure to multiple natural disasters. Tsunami and cyclones were the most commonly experienced disasters. Nearly three-fourths of respondents perceived their homes as highly or moderately vulnerable to flooding. Regression analysis showed that gender has a statistically significant but weak influence on flood vulnerability perception. In contrast, education has a significant impact on reducing perceived disaster severity. More than half of the respondents reported being severely affected by disasters. The study highlights the role of education in enhancing resilience and coping capacity. It emphasizes the need for targeted disaster management strategies. Overall, the research provides insights for policy interventions to strengthen coastal community resilience.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Disaster Vulnerability, Coastal Communities, Prakasam District, Natural Disasters, Flood Risk, Cyclone Impact, Tsunami Exposure etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Throughout history of mankind, socio-legal reformers have emerged in various cultural and political contexts, often using grassroots activism, legal reforms, and public advocacy to drive ultimate change. Their contributions not only highlight the struggles of disadvantaged and oppressed groups but also inspire collective action and awareness about social issues. Hijam Irabot is one of such socio-legal reformers with immense far-reaching impact to bring idea of unified Manipur. Hijam Irabot (30 September 1896 - 26 September 1951) was a prominent socio-legal reformer of Manipur, his whole life was dedicated for the welfare of masses and engaging in socio-legal reformation movement like Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of Nation of India in one side and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Father of Constitution of India on the other. His efforts and tireless socio-legal movement focused on challenging oppressive and unjust practices and imposition of harsh and unreasonable taxes. His legacy was akin to other well-known social reformers of the day in many aspects, including Mahatma Gandhi, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, Swami Vivekananda, Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Savitribhai Phule, E.V. Ramasamy (Periyar), Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Ram Monohar Lohia, Kanshi Ram, Raja Ram Mohan Roy and many others.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

grassroots activism, legal reforms, public advocacy, struggles of disadvantaged, oppressed groups, idea of unified Manipur, socio-legal reformer

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Air pollution has become a significant environmental and public health concern, especially in densely populated areas such as university campuses. Continuous monitoring of air quality is essential to understand pollution levels and take preventive measures. This work presents a real-time air quality monitoring system for campus environments using IoT technology and the ThingSpeak cloud server platform. The proposed system uses air quality sensors to measure environmental parameters such as harmful gases, temperature, humidity, and particulate matter in the ambient air. A Wi-Fi-enabled microcontroller collects data from the sensors and transmits it to the cloud in real-time. The data is then uploaded to the ThingSpeak platform, where it is stored, processed, and displayed in graphical form for easy monitoring and analysis. This system allows continuous monitoring of air quality conditions through an online dashboard that can be accessed remotely via computers or mobile devices. The collected data can help campus authorities and researchers identify pollution trends, maintain a healthier environment, and support smart campus operations. Overall, the proposed IoT-based air quality monitoring system provides a cost-effective, reliable, and scalable solution for real-time environmental monitoring and data analysis.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gas Sensor, Humidity Sensor, Internet of Things (IoT), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), NodeMCU ESP8266, and ThingSpeak Cloud Server

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus) is a gregarious fruit bat that plays a vital role in ecosystem services through pollination and seed dispersal. This study investigates the behavioral ecology of the Indian flying fox (Pteropus giganteus), focusing on its diurnal activities and seasonal emergence patterns. Conducted between January 2020 and December 2022 in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, the research examines how environmental cues such as sunset timing, day length, and ambient temperature influence bat activity. Results indicate that emergence timing is highly correlated with sunset (r = 0.858) and day length (r = 0.733), with bats typically emerging approximately 30 minutes after sunset. Seasonal variations were significant: shorter winter days led to earlier emergence and longer foraging windows (approx. 14 hours), while longer summer days delayed emergence and shortened the foraging period (approx. 11 hours). Additionally, higher ambient temperatures were found to delay emergence. Diurnal observations revealed a suite of social and maintenance behaviors, including wing fanning, grooming, and squawking, which intensified prior to emergence. Population dynamics also shifted seasonally, with peak densities during the monsoon reproductive aggregation and declines during summer and winter. These findings underscore the critical role of environmental parameters in shaping the temporal dynamics of P. giganteus, offering essential insights for the conservation of this ecologically vital species.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pteropus giganteus, Behavioral ecology, Diurnal activity, Roost selection, Photoperiod, Foraging duration, Seasonal dynamics, Conservation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Perceived stress is a critical determinant of health behaviors among college students, particularly influencing dietary patterns. This study aimed to assess perceived stress levels and examine their association with stress-induced eating behaviors. A cross-sectional design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered via Google forms. Random responses were collected from 246 undergraduate and postgraduate students. Perceived stress was measured using adapted items from the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), while eating behaviors were assessed through Likert-scale responses related to overeating, meal skipping, and food preferences. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, correlation, and linear regression analyses were performed. Results indicated that a substantial proportion of students experienced moderate to high stress, with 23.6% reporting frequent stress and 24.4% reporting a lack of control over life events. Stress-related eating behaviors showed variability: 13.4% reported frequent overeating, while 26.0% reported meal skipping. Approximately 17.9% preferred sweets and 10.6% preferred fast food during stress. A moderate positive correlation (r ? 0.38) was observed between stress and unhealthy eating behavior. Regression analysis demonstrated that perceived stress significantly predicted unhealthy eating (? ? 0.42, p < 0.05). The findings suggest that stress significantly influences eating patterns, though responses vary between overeating and undereating. Interventions focusing on stress management, sleep hygiene, and dietary awareness are essential to improve student health outcomes. Elevated cortisol levels during chronic stress may contribute to changes in appetite and increased preference for high-calorie foods, thereby influencing stress-related eating behaviors.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Perceived Stress, Stress-Eating Behavior, College Students, Emotional Eating, Lifestyle Factors

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Sustainability and social inclusion have become central concerns in contemporary development discourse, as they directly influence the everyday lives of marginalized populations, particularly women. Murshidabad district, despite its rich socio-economic, political, and cultural diversity, continues to experience significant developmental challenges. A large section of marginalized women in the district faces persistent issues such as poverty, low educational attainment, limited access to healthcare, insecure and informal employment, and restricted participation in social and political decision-making processes. Sustainability, in this context, extends beyond environmental protection to encompass economic stability, social justice, equal opportunities, political participation, and cultural recognition. Similarly, social inclusion refers to the creation of an equitable society in which individuals are not excluded on the basis of gender, class, caste, or identity and are able to participate meaningfully in all spheres of life. Development studies emphasize that sustainable development cannot be achieved without the active involvement of women. However, in Murshidabad, a significant number of marginalized women are engaged in informal sectors characterized by irregular income and the absence of social security, leading to economic vulnerability. Deep-rooted patriarchal norms and socio-cultural constraints further restrict women's autonomy and decision-making power within households and communities. Their limited participation in political processes and local governance often results in the exclusion of their voices from policy formulation. Although various government policies aim to promote women's empowerment, inclusion, and sustainability, their implementation remains uneven, creating a gap between policy intentions and ground realities. This study highlights the existing conditions of sustainability and social inclusion among marginalized women in Murshidabad. It argues that meaningful transformation can only be achieved through context-specific, gender-sensitive policies that address local realities and actively incorporate women's perspectives. Strengthening women's participation in planning and decision-making processes is essential for translating the principles of sustainability and social inclusion into tangible outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Sustainability, Social Inclusion, Marginalized Women, Gender, Empowerment, Murshidabad.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cultural pluralism fosters a pluralism attitude among students and teachers in educational institutions. All teachers must be trained to treat all students equally, without any discrimination based on their race, religion, or language. In the eyes of a teacher, everyone should be treated the same. The renowned philosopher John Dewey did not favour placing students into different classes or groups. John Dewey believed in treating everyone in the educational institution with fairness. Educational institutions should strive to maintain a balance among teachers, students, staff, curriculum, and parents. Cultural pluralism eliminates the feeling of discrimination among students in educational institutions, such as religious discrimination, racial discrimination, political discrimination. Cultural pluralism education establishes unity among students.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cultural Pluralism, Higher Education, Students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

ABSTRACT: Sustainability and social inclusion have become central concerns in contemporary development discourse, as they directly influence the everyday lives of marginalized populations, particularly women. Murshidabad district, despite its rich socio-economic, political, and cultural diversity, continues to experience significant developmental challenges. A large section of marginalized women in the district faces persistent issues such as poverty, low educational attainment, limited access to healthcare, insecure and informal employment, and restricted participation in social and political decision-making processes. Sustainability, in this context, extends beyond environmental protection to encompass economic stability, social justice, equal opportunities, political participation, and cultural recognition. Similarly, social inclusion refers to the creation of an equitable society in which individuals are not excluded on the basis of gender, class, caste, or identity and are able to participate meaningfully in all spheres of life. Development studies emphasize that sustainable development cannot be achieved without the active involvement of women. However, in Murshidabad, a significant number of marginalized women are engaged in informal sectors characterized by irregular income and the absence of social security, leading to economic vulnerability. Deep-rooted patriarchal norms and socio-cultural constraints further restrict women's autonomy and decision-making power within households and communities. Their limited participation in political processes and local governance often results in the exclusion of their voices from policy formulation. Although various government policies aim to promote women's empowerment, inclusion, and sustainability, their implementation remains uneven, creating a gap between policy intentions and ground realities. This study highlights the existing conditions of sustainability and social inclusion among marginalized women in Murshidabad. It argues that meaningful transformation can only be achieved through context-specific, gender-sensitive policies that address local realities and actively incorporate women's perspectives. Strengthening women's participation in planning and decision-making processes is essential for translating the principles of sustainability and social inclusion into tangible outcomes.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

KEYWORDS: Sustainability, Social Inclusion, Marginalized Women, Gender, Empowerment, Murshidabad.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition