Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The pedagogy of the Mridangam, a central percussion instrument in Carnatic music, has undergone significant transformation over time. Traditionally transmitted through the guru-shishya parampara, Mridangam learning emphasized oral transmission, embodied practice, and immersive apprenticeship. However, with the advent of institutional frameworks such as music colleges, universities, and digital platforms, pedagogical modes have shifted toward structured curricula, notation-based learning, and standardized evaluation systems. This paper examines the transition from oral to institutional learning, analyzing its implications on knowledge transmission, creativity, discipline, and cultural continuity. By situating this shift within broader socio-cultural and technological changes, the study argues that while institutionalization democratizes access, it also risks diluting the experiential depth of traditional pedagogy. The paper proposes a hybrid pedagogical model that integrates the strengths of both systems.

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 Keywords

Mridangam, Guru-Shishya Parampara, Oral Tradition, Institutional Learning, Pedagogy

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Evaluate, Effectiveness, Interventional Strategies, Knowledge

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This article explores how Hindi-language journalism shaped and spread Indian nationalist ideas between the founding of the Indian National Congress in 1885 and the partition of Bengal in 1905. Drawing on historical records, it argues that Hindi journalism was not just a channel for political ideas but also played an active role in building nationalist awareness, mobilising readers, and forming a Hindi-speaking identity that became key to the independence movement. By focusing on important journals, editors, and political events, the article shows how Hindi newspapers navigated colonial censorship, made elite politics understandable to everyday readers, and helped create a sense of national community. The article also situates Hindi journalism within debates over language, religion, community, and modernity. It concludes that 1885-1905 was a crucial time when Indian journalism became literary, political, and anti-colonial.

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Hindi journalism, Indian nationalism, vernacular press, anti-colonialism, print culture, Indian National Congress, Bal Mukund Gupt, Madan Mohan Malaviya, Bharatendu Harishchandra

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The rapid growth of wireless communication systems, including 5G and emerging 6G networks, has introduced significant challenges in terms of scalability, resource allocation, interference management, and dynamic network optimization. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), has emerged as a transformative technology to address these challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the application of AI in wireless networks, focusing on intelligent resource management, adaptive routing, and predictive analytics. A novel AI-based prototype model using Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is proposed for dynamic spectrum allocation and network optimization. The proposed algorithm enables self-learning, real-time decision-making, and adaptive optimization in highly dynamic wireless environments. Performance analysis demonstrates improved throughput, reduced latency, and efficient spectrum utilization compared to traditional methods. Finally, the paper highlights future directions in AI-native wireless networks for 6G.

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The rapid growth of wireless communication systems, including 5G and emerging 6G networks, has introduced significant challenges in terms of scalability, resource allocation, interference management, and dynamic network optimization. Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL), has emerged as a transformative technology to address these challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the application of AI in wireless networks, focusing on inte

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In recent years, chatbots have become an essential part of customer service in the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector. They are designed to improve efficiency, reduce workload, and provide quick responses to customers. However, behind this technological convenience, there are subtle errors in chatbot performance that often go unnoticed. These "invisible errors" may appear minor, but they gradually shift the burden of problem-solving onto human employees. This study explores how chatbot performance and its limitations impact the daily work experiences of BPO employees. The research focuses on the increased workload, emotional strain, and stress faced by employees when they are required to manage customer dissatisfaction caused by chatbot failures. A quantitative research approach was adopted, and data was collected from employees working in the BPO sector through structured questionnaires. The findings reveal that chatbot errors frequently lead to repeated customer interactions, frustration, and escalations, which directly affect employee performance and well-being. Many employees experience increased stress, emotional exhaustion, and pressure to maintain service quality despite technological limitations. While chatbots are intended to support human work, they often create additional hidden responsibilities. The study concludes that the integration of chatbot technology must consider its human impact alongside operational efficiency. Addressing these invisible challenges through better system design, employee support, and organizational awareness can help create a more balanced and sustainable work environment.

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 Keywords

Chatbot Performance; Invisible Errors; BPO Employees; Emotional Labour; Workload Stress; Customer Service; Employee Well-being; Human-Technology Interaction

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India's tourism and hospitality sector has grown to be a major driver of the nation's economic expansion, contributing significantly to regional development, employment creation, and foreign exchange profits. India has grown to be one of the most popular vacation destinations in the world thanks to its extensive geographic diversity, rich cultural legacy, and developing infrastructure. This study investigates the evolution of India's domestic tourism sector from 2008 to 2024, focusing on the catalytic role of digitalization and infrastructure. Utilizing a quantitative analysis of secondary data from the Ministry of Tourism and Indiastat, the research tracks the industry's trajectory through the 73.72% pandemic-induced decline in 2020 to a record-breaking 2.95 billion visits in 2024. Findings confirm that states with robust digital initiatives and spiritual heritage, notably Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu, lead the recovery. The study concludes that the transition to digital marketing and smart-tech integration is a functional necessity for maintaining India's goal of a US$3 trillion service sector contribution by 2047.

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Domestic Tourist Visits (DTVs), Digital Transformation, Post-Pandemic Recovery, Tourism Infrastructure, Digital Marketing in Tourism, Social Media Engagement.

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This study examines the grammatical and lexical errors made by the selected students registered at the undergraduate programme at the Department of German Studies of German at Doon University, Dehradun. The focus of this study primarily lies at the errors exhibited at the beginners level. It is generally understood, Learner errors constitute a central area of inquiry in second language acquisition (SLA), offering valuable insights into how linguistic systems are gradually internalized. Drawing upon the theoretical constructs of Error Analysis, Interlanguage, and Intralanguage processes, this research interprets learner errors as systematic manifestations of developing linguistic competence rather than random deviations. The findings of the this study suggest that learner errors emerge from both interlingual transfer and intralingual developmental processes. While first-language influence remains significant, especially in syntactic structuring, learners also demonstrate rule-based generalizations characteristic of early-stage language acquisition. The study concludes by emphasizing pedagogical strategies that integrate grammatical instruction with contextualized vocabulary learning.

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Error Analysis, Interlanguage, German language pedagogy

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Oxbow lakes are common landforms in alluvial plains formed by meandering rivers. This study aimed to examine the evolutionary history of the Bhagirathi River course along its basin before and after the construction of the Farakka Barrage, mapping from historical maps dating back to 1767, 1841, 1917, 1955, 1977, 1991, 2010, and 2024, along with satellite images from 1987, 1996, 2007, 2015, and 2024. Reduced navigability and bank degradation clearly illustrate a trajectory of change. To examine the nature of the cut-offs, lake geometry was calculated. Seven parameters--length, width, length/width ratio, curvature, distance from the river, cut-off ratio, and diversion angle--were obtained from Google Earth Pro. From 1996 to 2024, the diversion angle increased as the oxbow lakes aged and progressively separated from the main river. However, this trend differs for two oxbow lakes: one is elongated, and the other is round. In summary, the study's findings reveal the intricate relationship between river dynamics and lake water use, thus showcasing the difficulties faced by local communities

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Meandering rivers. Farakka Barrage Project. Lake Morphometry. Bhagirathi River. Cut-off Ratio.

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ABSTRACT: Introduction: Ardhavabhedaka, a Shiroroga described in Ayurveda, is characterised by recurrent unilateral headache and closely resembles migraine, a common neurovascular disorder. Similar clinical features and triggering factors suggest a strong correlation between the two conditions. Materials and Methods: Classical Ayurvedic texts were reviewed to analyse the Nidana, Samprapti, and Lakshana of Ardhavabhedaka. Modern medical literature on migraine was examined to establish a comparative pathogenetic correlation. Results: Ardhavabhedaka is a Vata-predominant Tridoshaja disorder involving Rasa-Raktavaha Srotasa and localisation in Shira. Ayurvedic nidanas correspond with known migraine triggers. The samprapti correlates with cortical hyperexcitability, trigeminovascular activation, neurotransmitter imbalance, and neurogenic inflammation described in migraine. Discussion and Conclusion: Ardhavabhedaka shows close conceptual and pathogenetic similarity with migraine. Ayurvedic understanding provides a holistic framework that parallels modern neurovascular mechanisms of migraine.

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KEYWORDS: Ardhavabhedaka, Migraine , Shiroroga , Panchakarma, Ayurved, Vata

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Alumni Connect is a cross-platform mobile application developed using Flutter and Firebase to enhance communication between alumni and their institutions. It provides features like networking, messaging, event management, job postings, and mentorship in a single platform. The system uses MVVM architecture and real-time database support for efficient performance. Experimental results show improved alumni engagement and high usability compared to traditional methods.

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Alumni Connect, Flutter, Firebase, Firestore, MVVM, Mobile Application, Alumni Networking, Push Notifications, Real-Time Database, Human-Computer Interaction

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