Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Samaaj sudhaar me sant kabir ke dohe ka yogdaan

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Samaaj sudhaar me sant kabir ke dohe ka yogdaan

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Ancient Indian mathematics has significantly contributed to numerical techniques, many of which continue to inspire modern computational methods. One such contribution is Brahmagupta's approach to interpolation, which involved estimating unknown values using numerical progressions and finite differences. While Brahmagupta did not explicitly state the modern interpolation formulas, his principles align closely with higher-order polynomial interpolation. This paper implements linear and quadratic interpolation techniques inspired by Brahmagupta's methods using Python and compares their accuracy and computational efficiency with SciPy's modern interpolation tools. Through error analysis and performance evaluation, we assess the relevance of these historical methods in modern numerical computing. The results indicate that while Brahmagupta's approach provides a reasonable approximation, SciPy's polynomial interpolation achieves greater precision. However, the conceptual simplicity of these ancient techniques makes them valuable for educational purposes and algorithmic research. This study highlights the lasting influence of historical mathematical insights on modern computational techniques.

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Brahmagupta's Interpolation, Numerical Methods, Mean Absolute Error, Mean Squared Error, Computational Efficiency, Absolute Error Analysis.

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AUTOMATIC LAWN MOWER WITH OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE

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Arduino, ultrasonic sensors, motor drivers, Automation

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Rice is a staple food for a significant portion of the global population, and its productivity is often threatened by various leaf diseases. Early and accurate detection of these diseases is crucial for effective management and minimizing crop losses. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based approach utilizing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for automatic rice leaf disease detection. The model is trained on a dataset of rice leaf images, categorized into different disease classes, including bacterial leaf blight, brown spot, and leaf smut, along with healthy leaves. The proposed CNN architecture extracts deep features from the images and classifies them with high accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that the model outperforms traditional machine learning techniques in terms of precision, recall, and F1-score. The automated detection system can assist farmers and agricultural experts in early disease identification, thereby contributing to improved crop health and yield. Future enhancements may include integrating the model with mobile applications for real-time field deployment.

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Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network, Rice Leaf Disease, Image Classification, Smart Agriculture.

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A Blood Bank Repository that serves as a centralized system for the secure storage, management, and efficient distribution of blood to meet healthcare demands. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and Cybersecurity to enhance the reliability, security, and efficiency of blood supply chain management. The proposed system leverages blockchain technology for secure and transparent traceability, AI-driven predictive analytics for demand forecasting and fraud detection, and Internet of Things (IoT) sensors for real-time monitoring of the cold chain. Additionally, advanced cybersecurity measures safeguard sensitive data, ensuring privacy and resilience against adversarial attacks. This paper also investigates decentralized blood donation networks, privacy-preserving donor identification, and AI-based donor health analysis. By addressing existing challenges and exploring future possibilities, this study highlights how intelligent and secure technologies can revolutionize blood bank management, improving accessibility, trust, and operational efficiency.

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Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain Technology, Cybersecurity, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Zero-Trust Security, End-to-End Encryption (E2EE), HIPAA, GDPR, Predictive Analytics, Machine Learning, Fraud Detection, Donor-Recipient Matching, Demand Forecasting, IoT-based Cold Chain Monitoring, Biometric Authentication, Decentralized Storage, Smart Contracts, Data Integrity, Access Control.

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??????:- ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? "???? ?? ?????? ?? ????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?? ???" ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ???" ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? 1986 ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ????-2020 (New National Education Policy-2020) ?? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? '??????' ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ?? 21?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ????-2020 ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????

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Cloud computing basically comes to focus on IT, a way to increase capacity or add potentiality on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. It encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends its existing capabilities. It is often provided "as a service" over the Internet, typically in the form of infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), or software as a service (SaaS). Microsoft Azure and Google App Engine are the examples of platform as a service. The fast growth in field of "cloud computing" also increases rigorous security concerns. In today's world most of the communication is done using electronic media. Data Security is widely used to ensure security in communication, data storage and transmission. We have Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) which is accepted as a symmetric cryptography standard for transferring block of data securely. The available AES algorithm is used for text data and it is also suitable for image encryption and decryption to protect the confidential image data from an unauthorized access. This project proposes a method in which the image data is an input to AES Encryption to obtain the encrypted image, and the encrypted image is the input to AES Decryption to get the original image.

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Cloud Computing, Security, Encryption, Decryption, AES, DES.

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In an increasingly globalized world, businesses must adapt to diverse cultural landscapes to thrive in international markets. Starbucks, a globally recognized coffeehouse chain, ventured into India in 2012 through a joint venture with Tata Global Beverages. However, its success in a predominantly tea-drinking culture required more than just replicating its Western business model. This study explores cross-cultural consumer behavior by examining how Starbucks has navigated the Indian market, balancing global branding with local adaptation. The research utilizes a mixed-method approach, incorporating both quantitative surveys and qualitative analysis to assess Starbucks' localization strategies, brand perception, and consumer preferences in India. Findings suggest that while Starbucks is perceived as a premium brand, many consumers feel its offerings do not fully align with local tastes and traditions. The study also highlights that factors such as ambience, brand reputation, and social status play a key role in consumer decisions, often outweighing the actual quality of coffee. Despite its efforts to Indianize its menu with regionally inspired items, nearly half of respondents feel Starbucks has not done enough to integrate into the cultural fabric of India. The study underscores the importance of cultural sensitivity, affordability, and deeper localization for multinational brands to sustain long-term success in culturally diverse markets. It also provides strategic insights for businesses looking to expand globally, emphasizing the need to balance standardization with customization. Future research could explore comparative studies between Starbucks and local competitors to gain deeper insights into consumer loyalty and preferences in India.

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Cross-Cultural Consumer Behavior, Starbucks India, Cultural Adaptation, Consumer Preferences, Global Branding, Localization Strategies, Tea vs. Coffee Culture, Premium Brand Perception, Indian Market Expansion.

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This study examines the interplay of various factors on the level of social media application among Gen Z, with emphasis on its psychological aspects on mental health. It uses a structured questionnaire to 100 respondents and intends to study in an empirical way how social media is utilized by male and female users of Gen Z through statistical tool such as ANOVA, and T-tests. The social media behaviour of this generation can be characterized by the fact that the representatives are mostly active on Instagram and Snapchat, which have become the main means of entertainment and communication for them. These outcomes will help in understanding the existing forms of social media addiction this particular generation has as well as how this trend will change when this generation turns older and settles into adulthood, thus further describing the future scenarios of how such generation will conduct social media interactions and the entire construct of their mental health.

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Gen Z, social media, psychological effects, usage patterns, gender differences

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A Real-Time Marketplace for Engineering Tools: A Buy/Sell Approach" addresses the need for a dedicated platform where engineering professionals, students, and institutions can buy, sell, or rent specialized tools and equipment. The platform offers a streamlined, real-time experience, enabling sellers to list items with detailed descriptions and images while allowing buyers to browse, compare, and securely purchase or rent tools. A key feature of the marketplace is real-time updates, ensuring users have access to the most current listings and item availability. The platform includes advanced search and filtering options, along with notifications for new listings, price changes, or specific tool availability.

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Engineering Tools, Buy/Sell Approach, Cost Efficiency, Communication of trust, Accessibility, Innovation

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