Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Agriculture remains the backbone of many economies, yet crop productivity is threatened by fast spreading plant diseases that often go unnoticed until serious damage occurs. Early and accurate detection is essential to protect yields, reduce losses, and support farmers in timely decisions. This project presents an integrated intelligent plant disease detection and monitoring system using image processing and machine learning on leaf images. OpenCV preprocessing enhances inputs by removing noise, improving contrast, normalizing pixels, and standardizing dimensions. A lightweight TensorFlow Lite CNN deployed in a Java environment enables fast reliable classification on resource constrained devices. The platform includes healthy leaf comparison for visual understanding and a progression module to assess improvement, worsening, or spread across sequential images. A community space supports experience sharing and guidance, while a government updates module delivers schemes, subsidies, and programs. Built with Java, Spring Boot, MySQL, TensorFlow Lite, and OpenCV, solution is robust, scalable, user friendly for real world agriculture, empowering farmers with accessible accurate diagnostics and decision support tools.

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 Keywords

Plant Disease Detection, Image Processing, Convolutional Neural Networks, TensorFlow, OpenCV, Precision Agriculture, Decision Support System.

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The shift from positivism to post-positivism is an important development in research, especially in the field of education and social sciences. Positivism based on ideas of, believes that reality is fixed, objective and can be understood through observation and measurement. It mainly uses quantitative methods such as surveys, experiments and statistical analysis. The aim is to produce accurate and generalizable results. However, overtime, researchers realized that human behavior and social situations are complex and cannot always be explained using only numbers and fixed methods. This led to the development of post-positivism. Post-positivism accepts that reality exists, but it cannot be understood perfectly because of limitations in human thinking, measurement errors and different contexts. It also recognizes that the researcher may influence the research process. This paper discusses how the shift from positivism to post-positivism has changed the way research is conducted. It explains the differences between the two approaches and focuses on their impact on research design, data collection and data analysis. Under positivism, research design is usually structured and fixed, while post-positivism supports flexible and mixed-method designs. In data collection, positivism uses tools like questionnaire and tests, whereas, post-positivism includes interviews and observations to understand people's experiences. In data analysis, positivism depends mainly on statistical methods, while post-positivism combines both statistical and interpretative techniques. Modern research often uses a combination of both approaches, known as mixed-method research. This helps researchers to understand problems in a more complete way by using both numerical and personal experiences. The study highlights that using both positivist and post-positivist ideas together can improve the quality, depth and usefulness of research.

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 Keywords

Positivism, Post-Positivism, Approach, Mixed-method, Research

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The VoiceBridge mobile application is designed for language learners to practice their speaking skills by providing them with immediate, personalized corrections. By utilizing an offline speech recognition engine and a free grammar checker, learners can practice speaking a sentence with pre-recorded sentences or prompts. In addition, our transcription services are available and provide users with immediate feedback on the errors they made while speaking and their options for correcting those mistakes. VoiceBridge provides users with an individual score at the word level through its pronunciation scoring module, which provides phoneme-level analysis and provides users with the ability to listen to their pronunciation while comparing it to the correct pronunciation. We have developed structured conver- sation activities, including role-plays, to help learners gradually and effectively develop their fluency. VoiceBridge is a stand-alone system developed to keep user information secure and provide users with a safe environment to practice their communication skills and create content.

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 Keywords

Spoken Language Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Speech Recognition, Grammar Correction, Pronunciation Assessment, Offline Processing, Mobile Learning Application, Real-Time Feedback, Natural Language Processing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Green analytical chemistry (GAC) has emerged as a transformative approach in pharmaceutical analysis, addressing the growing need for environmentally sustainable and safer analytical practices. Conventional analytical techniques often involve extensive solvent consumption, hazardous chemicals, and significant waste generation, raising concerns regarding environmental and human health (1,2). This review critically evaluates recent advances in GAC with a focus on miniaturization techniques, solvent reduction strategies, and sustainability assessment tools such as Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness (AGREE) (3-5). Miniaturized analytical systems, including microextraction techniques and lab-on-chip devices, significantly reduce reagent consumption while enhancing analytical efficiency (6,7). Additionally, the use of green solvents and solvent-free methodologies contributes to minimizing environmental impact (8,9). This review provides a comprehensive insight into sustainable analytical strategies in pharmaceutical analysis.

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Green analytical chemistry; Miniaturization; Solvent reduction; Pharmaceutical analysis; Sustainable methods

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 Abstract

Introduction: Chronodisruption drives global NCD epidemics-metabolic syndrome (1 in 3 adults), Alzheimer's (50M cases), diabetes (422M)- unaddressed by modern palliative chronopharmacology. Ayurveda offers dinacharya precision chronotherapy targeting srotas as endocrine highways.1 Methods: PRISMA systematic review synthesized Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Nidana, PubMed/AYUSH databases (2010-2026), mapping circadian hormones to tridosha kaala-srotodushti frameworks. Results: Identified 7 precise correlations: cortisol-rasavaha sanga, melatoninmajjavaha siragranthi, insulin-medovaha atipravritti. Dinacharya demonstrates superiority-42% insomnia remission (vs 22% zolpidem), 28% metabolic reversal (vs 12% metformin), 35% PCOS ovulation (vs 18% clomiphene). Discussion: Ayurveda's empirical tridosha chronometry prefigures molecular clock gene science. Srotas represent undiscovered endocrine anatomy enabling Root-cause rhythm restoration versus symptomatic suppression, positioning dinacharya as 21st-century preventive chronomedicine

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Keywords : Srota synchronization, circadian hormones, Ayurveda, dinacharya, chronotherapy, tridosha kaala, srotodushti, cortisol rasavaha sanga, melatonin majjavaha siragranthi, insulin medovaha atipravritti, thyroid pranavaha avarana, galaganda, shwasa kricchra, hypothyroidism, chronodisruption, NCD epidemics, Charaka Samhita, Udana Vata, T3 T4 metabolism, dosha vaishamya, ama utpatti, hrudaya SCN, Panchakarma timing, prakriti personalization.

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This study digs into the idea of "Aesthetic Grit," which looks at whether really connecting with beauty--on a deep, meaningful level--actually helps people toughen up and bounce back from hard times. Most therapy just aims to get rid of bad feelings. But here's a twist: can those powerful moments, where something beautiful really moves you, actually make you more resilient? To find out, researchers worked with 201 young adults, all between 18 and 25. They answered two surveys. One asked how often they connected with beauty--whether that was nature, art, or witnessing small acts of kindness. The other measured how quickly they recovered after rough patches. So, what happened? Well, people who noticed beauty were generally a bit more resilient, but the difference wasn't huge. The surprise was in what the researchers called "Human/Moral Beauty"--you know, that jolt you get when you see someone do something truly kind or courageous. That made all the difference. The young adults who noticed that kind of beauty handled stress and setbacks way better. Seeing goodness in others actually gave them a boost. It helped them come up with new ways to cope and left them a little stronger for the next challenge. Just enjoying a beautiful sunset or a work of art didn't have the same effect. For these folks, experiencing the goodness in other people mattered most. Turns out, "Aesthetic Grit" isn't just a private feeling--there's a social side to it. Watching people do the right thing can actually inspire you to get back up when life knocks you down. So, if we want students and young adults to thrive, maybe we need more real-life stories of goodness--moments where people choose to do the right thing--woven into classrooms, therapy, or everyday life. These moments aren't just uplifting. They actually make us stronger.

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Keywords: Aesthetic Grit, Resilience, Engagement with Beauty, Moral Elevation, Positive Psychology, Young Adults.

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 Abstract

The instruction of English language and literature in India remains largely ineffective, as it persists as a mechanically replicated academic practice disconnected from the aspirations, needs, and expectations of the vast number of students who pursue these programmes. English Studies continue to be offered at all levels as though it were an ongoing colonial enterprise, with objectives misaligned with the socio-cultural and economic realities of contemporary India. Ironically, many students' complete degrees in English without developing even basic functional literacy. The discipline has consequently evolved into a heavily subsidized yet unproductive academic structure lacking direction, purpose, and contextual relevance. The focus must shift from the conventional act of "teaching" English language and literature to enabling meaningful "learning" and active "reading," ensuring literacy and communicative competence take precedence. Postcolonial Indian learners require English as a pragmatic tool for economic and social advancement rather than solely as a medium for aesthetic contemplation. Accordingly, the paper argues that teachers should transition from authoritative interpreters to facilitators and mentors who cultivate essential language skills. The teaching of English must therefore be restructured and de-institutionalized in order to meet present needs.

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 Keywords

Literary colonialism, rote learning, functional literacy, communicative English, curriculum reform, student needs, skill acquisition, de-institutionalization, post-colonial context.

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THE MOST POPULAR BUILDING MATERIAL IS CONCRETE, BUT CRACKING, PERMEABILITY, AND EXPOSURE TO HARSH CONDITIONS ALL COMPROMISE ITS DURABILITY. BECAUSE OF THEIR NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND INCOMPATIBILITY WITH CURRENT CONCRETE MATRICES, TRADITIONAL REPAIR TECHNIQUES FREQUENTLY FAIL. THROUGH THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF BACTERIA LIKE BACILLUS SPECIES AND SPOROSARCINA PASTEURII, MICROBIALLY INDUCED CALCIUM CARBONATE PRECIPITATION (MICP) PROVIDES A BIO-BASED AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION THAT PERMITS SELF-HEALING CAPABILITIES. THE IMPACT OF BACTERIAL TREATMENTS ON CONCRETE'S COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, CORROSION RESISTANCE, WATER PERMEABILITY, AND CRACK HEALING IS EXAMINED IN THIS REVIEW. IT HIGHLIGHTS THE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN DURABILITY ADVANTAGES AND MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE BY PRESENTING COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF FREE AND ENCAPSULATED BACTERIAL SYSTEMS. ENCAPSULATION METHODS, BACTERIAL VIABILITY IN CHALLENGING CONCRETE CONDITIONS, AND THE FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT CARRIERS SUCH AS SILICA GEL, POLYURETHANE, AND EXPANDED PERLITE ARE ALL HIGHLIGHTED. EVALUATION METHODS FOR DETERMINING MICROSTRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS AND HEALING EFFECTIVENESS ARE COVERED IN DETAIL, INCLUDING SEM, EDS, XRD, ULTRASONIC PULSE TRANSMISSION, AND LINEAR POLARIZATION RESISTANCE (LPR). ALL THINGS CONSIDERED, MICP-BASED SELF-HEALING TECHNOLOGIES OFFER A VIABLE STRATEGY FOR EXTENDING THE DURABILITY AND ROBUSTNESS OF CONCRETE INFRASTRUCTURE.

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 Keywords

Bacteria, MICP, SEM,XRD, EDS,LPR

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India's educational heritage is one of the oldest and richest in the world. Indian scriptural texts such as the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana, and Mahabharata are not merely religious writings but also contain profound philosophical and educational ideas. These texts emphasize moral values, self-discipline, social responsibility, and holistic development of human personality. In the modern era, the education system has become largely focused on technical knowledge, professional skills, and competitive achievements. While such developments are essential for economic growth, they often overlook ethical and cultural values. This research paper examines the educational principles embedded in Indian scriptural traditions and explores their relevance in the modern educational context. The study argues that integrating traditional Indian wisdom with contemporary educational practices can promote value-based education, character formation, and holistic development among students.

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Indian Scriptural Tradition and the Modern Context of Education

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The emergence of BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) as a significant coalition of emerging economies has reshaped the dynamics of global governance in the 21st century. In the era of rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), BRICS countries are increasingly influencing global environmental governance by integrating technological innovation with sustainable development goals. This paper examines how AI-driven solutions--such as climate modeling, resource optimization, and environmental monitoring--are being adopted within BRICS nations to address pressing environmental challenges. Furthermore, the study highlights the role of BRICS in advocating for a more equitable and multipolar global governance framework, particularly within institutions like the United Nations. It explores how these countries emphasize data sovereignty, technological cooperation, and inclusive policy-making to ensure that developing nations are not marginalized in the global AI and environmental agenda. The paper also evaluates the challenges faced by BRICS, including technological disparities, regulatory gaps, and geopolitical tensions, which may hinder cohesive action. By analyzing policy initiatives and collaborative efforts among BRICS nations, this research argues that the group has the potential to play a transformative role in aligning AI innovation with environmental sustainability. Ultimately, the study concludes that BRICS can contribute to building a more balanced, inclusive, and technology-driven model of global environmental governance in the age of artificial intelligence

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 Keywords

BRICS, artificial intelligence, environment, governance, cooperation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition