Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The Mahakumbh Mela is one of the largest religious gatherings in the world, held every 12 years at the sacred confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical Saraswati rivers in Prayagraj, India. Rooted in ancient Hindu traditions, the festival attracts millions of devotees, saints, and tourists seeking spiritual purification through the Punya Snan (holy dip). The Maha Kumbh Mela 2025 is expected to witness an unprecedented influx of over 400 million pilgrims, making it a significant cultural and logistical event. To accommodate this scale, the Uttar Pradesh government has introduced modern infrastructure, including enhanced transportation, sanitation, security, and digital services, while ensuring environmental sustainability through waste management, eco-friendly accommodations, and river conservation efforts. Apart from its religious significance, the Mahakumbh Mela serves as a global platform for cultural exchange, promoting India's rich heritage through spiritual discourses, yoga sessions, and traditional rituals. The event also exemplifies the balance between tradition and modernity, integrating technology and sustainability measures for a more organized and eco-conscious experience.

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 Keywords

Mahakumbh Mela, Religious gathering,Tourist Facilities,Cultural Heritage, Sustainability, Economics Impact.

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In-store advertising is a key driver of consumer purchasing decisions, influencing shoppers at the crucial moment of choice. This study explores how various in-store advertising strategies--such as digital signage, shelf displays, promotional offers, and end-cap advertisements--affect consumer behavior. Using a structured quantitative research approach, data was gathered from 400 shoppers in supermarkets and hypermarkets through surveys. The findings reveal that well-placed advertisements significantly boost product visibility and encourage impulse buying (Chandon, Hutchinson, Bradlow, & Young, 2009). Digital and interactive displays resonate more with younger shoppers, while older consumers tend to respond better to traditional advertisements such as posters and product placements. Beyond immediate purchase decisions, the study highlights the role of in-store advertising in reinforcing brand awareness and fostering long-term customer loyalty. The research also underscores the impact of factors such as shopping habits, product categories, and consumer demographics in shaping ad effectiveness. While in-store promotions are effective in driving impulse purchases, their influence is moderated by brand loyalty and pre-existing consumer preferences. The study suggests that retailers should adopt a data-driven, personalized approach to in-store advertising to optimize consumer engagement and maximize sales. Future research should examine how AI and machine learning can further enhance in-store advertising effectiveness by delivering tailored promotions and improving the shopping experience. This research provides valuable insights for businesses aiming to refine their in-store marketing strategies in an evolving retail landscape.

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 Keywords

In-store advertising, Consumer behavior, Impulse buying, Digital signage, Promotional displays, Brand loyalty, Retail marketing, Advertising effectiveness, Purchase decisions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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--The Navi-cart, is an innovative shopping cart de signed to revolutionize the retail shopping experience by in tegrating cutting-edge technologies. Central to its design is 5G-powered indoor navigation, which facilitates real-time data processing and seamless connectivity between hardware and software components. Navi-cart employs high-resolution cameras and advanced sensors to automatically detect items, manage billing, and avoid obstacles, making shopping faster and error free. The cart is powered by an intelligent software module, I-cart, which includes a virtual assistant to provide real-time product recommendations, locate items, and answer customer queries. revolutionizing navigation and mobility systems with seamless real-time data processing and communication.enables retailers to optimize operations while delivering an intuitive, personalized shopping experience for customers. By addressing common challenges like long checkout queues and difficulty in locating products, Navi-cart redefines modern retail by ensuring convenience, efficiency, and satisfaction for all stakeholders

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 Keywords

Navi-cart 5G-powered indoor navigation Autonomous billing Smart shopping cart Real-time data processing Object detection Obstacle avoidance Human-following capabilities Retail automation Computer vision Ultrasonic sensors Motorized wheels Raspberry Pi processor Virtual assistant AI-driven shopping Edge computing Multi-object tracking RFID-based billing Sensor fusion Personalized product recommendation Machine learning Deep learning Smart retail solutions

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The market for electric vehicles (EVs) in India is rapidly growing due to government incentives, increased awareness of environmental issues, and advancements in technology. Through initiatives such as the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme, India aims to significantly enhance the adoption of EVs, steering its transportation system towards sustainability and innovation. To investigate the rise in electric vehicle sales in India and to evaluate the uptake of electric vehicles by examining sales figures in India. This analysis utilizes secondary data obtained from diverse reports. This leads us to the following facts: the number of anticipated vehicles on the road is expected to double in the near future, making the demand for this alternate energy source clear and promising. The government's and other business entities' objectives and investments make it abundantly evident that the EV industry in India will have to contend with rising EV consumption

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Electric Vehicle, Adoption, Analysis

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The teaching profession plays a pivotal role in shaping the intellectual, social, and emotional development of future generations. The attitudes of prospective teachers toward this profession significantly influence their effectiveness, job satisfaction, and commitment. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing research on the attitudes of prospective teachers toward the teaching profession from different states of India during the last 10 years. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, the study has been contributed preferable perception of the various factors influencing attitude of prospective teachers towards teaching profession.

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 Keywords

Prospective Teachers, Teaching Profession, attitudes, Job Satisfaction

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According to current scenario outdoor air quality are getting worse due to some industrial activities or vehicles, etc. that also affect indoor air quality such as home, hospitals and some Over-Polluted Areas it affects human health, specially new born child and those who have already respiratory problems, so we made a portable air purifier that Measure air quality in real-time. It included a Pre-filter, Activated Carbon, and HEPA filter to trap dust, gases, and VOCs. We also added sensors for temperature, humidity, CO2, PM2.5, and VOCs to keep everything in check. With the ESP-8266 module, you can Monitor or control it through a mobile app or web interface. This system is Portable, saves energy, and is super easy to use, covering 100-300 sq. ft. perfect for Indoor spaces such as homes, offices, or small shops

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Portable air Purifier, Air Quality Monitoring, ESP-8266, IOT (Internet of Things), PM2.5, VOCs, HEPA Filter, Indoor air Pollution, Energy Efficiency.

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ABSTRACT Education has all along remained an important development priority, necessitating intervention by government for its easy access to different sections of society. Nevertheless, individuals attending educational institutions incur expenditure in the form of payment of course fees, purchase of books, stationeries and uniforms etc. In this paper, we study the changes in household expenditure on education in Assam with the help of unit level NSSO data. It is found that the amount of expenditure on education is higher at the higher level of education compared to that of the lower level of education in both government and private institutions. Moreover, household expenditure in urban areas is more than rural areas. This may be due to the fact that either cost of materials, fees etc. related to education is higher in urban areas or the urban people being more literate than the rural people is expected to lay greater emphasis on education due to which they expense more on education. It is also seen that the rise in the share of higher level of education in household expenditure is more among the poorest class compared to richest class in the state during the study period. As the share of expenditure on higher level of education is more than that of the lower level of education so it can be suggested that Government should focus on free education, tuition fee waiver and scholarships at higher level of education too in the state.

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 Keywords

Household, Expenditure, Education, Rural, Urban

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Description of NGC 2026 with Special Reference to Space Science In the Niche of Taurus Constellation

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Description of NGC 2026 with Special Reference to Space Science In the Niche of Taurus Constellation

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Prospective teachers' Attitudes towards Constructivist Approach to Instruction (ACAI) and Proneness to Modernization (PM) are very relevant topic in the field of education at present. This present study is to find out the impact of Proneness to Modernization (PM) on Attitudes towards Constructivist Approach to Instruction (ACAI) of prospective teachers in TEIS in West Bengal. The researchers followed descriptive survey research design to conduct the present work. To conduct the present work the researchers took a sample of 337 prospective teachers from TEIs belonging to Kolkata, Howrah, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal, India. Researchers have used two standardized scales as tools to conduct this research viz. Questionnaire on Modernization Scale (MS-STL), and Constructivist Attitude Scale for Prospective Teachers' (CASPT-AGSG) (Self-prepared scale). This research study was done by simple random sampling on 337 prospective teachers of different TEIs and data were analyzed by using IBM-SPSS 22.0 software with appropriate statistical techniques. The findings of this study show that there is a significant positive relationship between prospective teachers' proneness to modernization and attitudes towards constructivist approach to instruction. Finally, the researchers came to the conclusion that proneness to modernization has a significant impact on developing positive attitudes towards constructivist approach to instruction of the prospective teachers in TEIs in West Bengal which is one of the prerequisites for successful classroom teaching-learning through this method of instruction.

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 Keywords

Prospective teachers', Proneness to Modernization, Attitudes towards Constructivist Approach to Instruction, TEIs.

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 Abstract

Cultural hybridity and the fragmented self are key ideas in postcolonial theory. They help us think about how people form their identities after colonial rule. Cultural hybridity takes place when elements from different cultures mix and blend. This mixing creates new identities that challenge the old divisions between colonizers and the colonized, and between self and other. Homi K. Bhabha introduced this concept in his book The Location of Culture in 1994. He talks about a "third space," which is a new area where people discuss and change cultural meanings. In this space, new identities can form that are not tied to strict colonial categories. Hybridity shows us that identity and culture are always changing. They are not fixed or unchanging but can be seen in new ways at any time. This idea highlights that culture is fluid and always being reinterpreted. Cultural hybridity often leads to a feeling of a fragmented self, where someone feels they don't fit completely into any one culture. People living between different cultures can feel like they're not fully part of any group, causing a sense of being in-between. This happens because they face conflicting cultural rules and ideas, making them feel "neither here nor there." This struggle shows the internal conflict that comes with managing influences from many cultures. For instance, someone from a colonized background might try to balance their culture's values with those of the colonizing power. This situation can create inner conflict and feelings of alienation. In his work Black Skin, White Masks, Frantz Fanon explains how people from colonized regions often adopt the view of the colonizers. This creates a split in their identity, causing stress and feelings of being torn between different worlds. Bhabha's concept of mimicry makes the idea of fragmentation even more complex. It shows how people who are colonized try to imitate their colonizers to be accepted or gain legitimacy. However, this copying is never fully successful, resulting in individuals who are "almost the same, but not quite." This situation reveals how unstable colonial authority can be, making the feelings of being out of place even stronger for these individuals. It highlights the contradiction of hybridity. On one side, combining cultures opens up new opportunities for standing up against oppression and redefining oneself. Yet, at the same time, it also leads to a divided identity that is stuck in constant negotiation and struggle.

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 Keywords

Cultural hybridity, Fragmented self, Third space ,Mimicry, Identity

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