Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Abstract Clean drinking water is crucial for survival and preventing waterborne diseases, since last few decades, it has been observed that water resources are limited and must be conserved, leading to the necessity for improving quality control. Many of the communicable diseases having the greatest impact on mankind are waterborne, and a permanent reduction in morbidity and mortality can most effectively be achieved by providing safe drinking water. In present study physico-chemical analysis of 15 drinking water samples was carried out to develop a data base on the quality of water being consumed in different areas of Shegaon taluka. The drinking water samples were taken from the main water sources from where maximum people using them for drinking purpose. Physicochemical analysis of water is categorized as Mineral Analysis consisting of physical parameters including analysis covering COD, BOD, DO, etc., Nutrient Analysis consisting of different forms of nitrogen, phosphorous. Measurement of Temperature, pH, Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Salinity, Turbidity and Dissolved Oxygen was done. standard methods were applied to determine the quantities of other components. Most of the water samples were within WHO/ ISI standards. The results of the present research work showed that drinking water collected from different areas of Shegaon taluka was found to be suitable for human health. It is recommended to boil water, proper chlorination, use efficient system for garbage collection and its disposal, proper sewage waste treatment, recycling of waste into useful products such as fertilizers, education to people through awareness program about the causes +and consequences of water pollution.

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Keywords: Physicochemical Parameters, Nutrient analysis, Drinking water.

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This study looks at the packaging preferences of rural consumers in few Andhra Pradesh areas fast moving consumer goods (FMCG). The study focusses on pack size, price sensitivity, visual attractiveness, and word of mouth influence using a descriptive research design and primary data from the 106 respondents. The preferences were analysed using percentage analysis. The findings show that the consumers have a strong preference for the tiny pack sizes (sachets or pouches), are highly sensitive to pricing, and greatly influenced by word of mouth while buying the products. In rural FMCG markets, packaging is major factor in brand awareness and consumer behaviour.

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FMCG, Packaging, Rural consumers, Sachets

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The concepts of Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha have been deliberated upon by different philosophers over time. Originally, there were only Dharma, Artha and Kama, and after renunciatory practices originated from Shramanism, Buddhism and Jainism, Moksha became a centrefold in the religious arguments. These divergent value systems are depicted in the ancient text, Somadeva's Kathasaritsagar, a collection of stories translated from Brihatkatha, written by Gunadhya in 200 BCE-500 CE in a now lost language, Paisachi. It is about royal families, courtiers and commoners living during the early medieval times. The narratives in the Kathasaritsagar (KSS) dwell into the frameworks of ethics that encompasses Buddhist value systems before it was accepted into the Hindu philosophical thoughts and religious folds. Multinarrative also play a part in KSS since some stories could be interpreted variedly as per the speaker and listeners. Since the narrator shifts the perspective, there are stories where gambling is a vice, and stories where gamblers are praised for their intelligence in outwitting everyone, including gods. Intersecting storylines are also another characteristic of stories in the KSS which bring out various perspectives emphasising simplicity, stupidity, or intelligence as per the intention of the story. The Kathasaritsagar has not been considered an elitist text since its protagonists varies from courtly men to barbers, fishermen and asuras. Therefore, it has not been brought into any mainstream study of Indian culture or literary studies unlike the other two classics Ramayana and Mahabharata although once Kathasaritsagar was equally exalted by litterateurs of the 4th-6th century since most of their Sanskrit plays originated from this text. This paper looks at multivalent narratives as well as stories of the common man advocating and imparting values to high profile individuals of the time like kings and sanyasis.

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Kathasaritsagar, multinarrative, values, marginalised text

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Language acquisition is an essential skill that kids pick up naturally, often without even realizing it or needing formal lessons. Because of this, teachers at the secondary level need to use effective strategies to boost learning outcomes. In many places, including our own, a lot of students are learning English as a second language, which highlights the importance for English teachers to bring fresh and innovative methods into their classrooms. Sadly, many students struggle with English, and this is often due to a heavy reliance on traditional textbook teaching. On top of that, teachers frequently encounter obstacles because they lack proper teaching resources, which can be outdated or just not enough. This paper aims to shed light on different strategies that secondary level English teachers can use to teach the language more effectively, with the ultimate goal of enhancing student engagement and proficiency in English.

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English language, Secondary level, Teaching aid, Technologies, Effective strategy.

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Eighty-five percent of individuals rely directly or indirectly on plants for their basic needs. Ethnobotany is a unique field within natural resources that explores the connection between plants and humans, considering various factors such as botany, economics, medicine, religion, culture, and other traditional necessities. Present study 46 angiospermic plants species associated with 43 genera and 23 families are recorded, that are used for the treatment of various types of fever's as well as other disease by the tribe, rural and local community of the Sonbhadra district.

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Ethnobotany, fever, tribal community, Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh.

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In the modern digital era, technology has become an essential part of everyday life, supporting communication, banking, healthcare, education, and government services. As India rapidly expands its digital infrastructure and internet usage, the country has also witnessed a significant rise in cyber threats. Cybercriminals are continuously developing new techniques to exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems, making cybersecurity a critical concern for organizations, institutions, and individuals. This journal explores several major cybersecurity incidents and trends that affected India between 2023 and 2025. It examines important cases such as the AIIMS Delhi cyberattack, the ICMR data breach, the WazirX cryptocurrency exchange hack, issues related to Aadhaar-linked data exposure, cyber activities observed during Operation Sindoor, and the broader surge of more than 265 million cyberattack detections in India during 2025. These incidents demonstrate different types of cyber threats, including ransomware attacks, phishing campaigns, malware infections, data breaches, and distributed denial-ofservice (DDoS) attacks. By analysing these real-world events, the journal highlights how cyberattacks can disrupt critical sectors such as healthcare, government institutions, financial services, and digital platforms. It also explains how attackers exploit technical vulnerabilities and use social engineering techniques to gain unauthorized access to systems and sensitive information. Overall, this journal aims to provide a clearer understanding of the growing cybersecurity challenges in India, the evolving strategies used by cyber attackers, and the importance of strengthening cybersecurity awareness, policies, and technological defenses to protect the country's digital infrastructure and data.

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Cybersecurity, Cyberattacks in India, Data Breaches, Ransomware Attacks, Phishing Attacks, Digital Infrastructure Security, Cyber Threat Landscape

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Background:Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) is a critical enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, namely mycolic acid biosynthesis. It is a member of the NADH-dependent acyl carrier protein reductase family. The current literature focuses on several pyrrole analogs or enzyme inhibitors that decrease mycolic acid production, namely cell wall formation, by inhibiting the enzyme InhA. Pyrrole analogs were found to be the most effective compounds against InhA, with high bioavailability and MIC. The main objective of the present work to carry out extensive review on Pyrrole containing drugs in the market and thorough information, analysis, structure-activity relationships, and relevant insights on several Pyrrole analogs as InhA inhibitors. Main body: Comprehensive information on its Pyrrole containing drugs in the market , and relevant insights on several Pyrrole analogs as InhA inhibitors has been gathered and provided in this review article from a variety of web sources, including indexing sites like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Research Gate. Numerous articles from databases and indexed journals have been gathered and methodically examined. Conclusion:The present review investigation is very much helpful for researchers and readers to collectively have valuable information on Pyrrole containing drugs in the market , and relevant insights on several Pyrrole analogs as InhA inhibitors. Innovative anti-TB pharmaceutical formulations that reduce drug resistance and shorten treatment duration are in high demand due to the rise of widespread and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. In order to cure tuberculosis, new anti-TB drugs can now be developed by specifically targeting InhA.

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Keyword:Enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) ,Heterocyclic compounds ,Multi-drug resistant TB ,Pyrrole analogs,antitubercular agents.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Looking back at four decades of work in language teaching and applied language research reveals a range of methods. From ideas in psychology, society-focused language study, school-related linguistics, and language-centered anthropology, themes emerge. Five central issues shape what teachers and researchers explore. What ties culture to words and signs people use? Thinking changes depending on which symbols someone uses every day. Speakers may see the world in unique ways based on their language patterns. Even within one language, different groups carry separate views shaped by talk and usage. Another core issue: In what way do people show cultural values while using speech? Talks about how speaking works differ around the world, looks at talk through cultural lenses, also examines shared understandings people bring into conversations. Third point asks: How do people build culture together while talking? Explores shifts in applied linguistics - once fixed rules now seen as shaped by experience; less about correct usage more about doing things with words; attention moves from static traditions toward time, context, personal views. Fourth issue questions: What happens to studies of language and culture when tech gets involved? Printed books set limits just like digital spaces do - internet life, message threads, screen-based chats each reshape what can be spoken, recorded, acted out inside groups who share a way of communicating. Tied tightly to who holds power and makes decisions, these topics shape how we see them. Lately, scholars have begun challenging cultural norms more openly - politics now enters the conversation far more often than before. Work across different fields blends together with greater frequency, breaking old boundaries. Thinking about one's own role in research has become harder to ignore. Intercultural communication and practical language studies increasingly overlap when examining language and culture.

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: Linguistics, Culture, Communication, Teaching, Language

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Abstract: The emergence of innovative scientific developments & technological advancements has brought about a revolution in the realms of industrialization, transportation, and transnational trade & commerce. Therefore, the change in the mode of transportation has a visible impact on the traditional concept of distinct socio-political and cultural identity which is drastically changing against the backdrop of globalization. In this pretext, human identity can no longer be understood as a predefined fixed concept, rather it could be imagined as quite dynamic and susceptible to changes. As a result of the surrounding atmosphere, the immigrants are often cautious and careful to preserve their 'own identity' which often gets intimidated due to the dominance of other cultures, ethnicity, nationalities, and therefore, their imagination often oscillates between home- and host- land and it ultimately opens up a new direction for the construction of a new form of culture and identity in the hostland. Being a writer of the postmodern era, Monica Ali's fictional world is dominated by this conflicting situation; and a sense of alienation is revealed in her writings. She tries to encapsulate the ups and downs of the immigrant experience from the third-world perspective. There is a constant conflict in the minds of her characters who try to merge the two cultures of homeland and hostland in order to have a new kind of identity. The present article will try to explore the factors that either act as catalysts or create obstacles in generating new forms of identity for the immigrants in the country of settlement. It will try to throw some light on the individuation process in order to make the reader realize the painful condition of the dislocated people since they are in a state of mental dilemma. Moreover, it will also depict how some of the dislocated people are trying to come out of the dilemma by striking a balance between the cultures of the countries of origin and settlement. Key Words: Immigration, globalization, alienation, dislocation, individuation process, identity.

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9064247843/ 9563107337

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Any traditionalist society, that has certain normative cultural practices as a part of their culture and tradition, expect it's public to conform to its heteronormative norms of its functions. Those who stand against it or function differently are considered aberration or different, non-conformist hence they are seen and treated differently in the society. Amruta Patil's Kari, a graphic novel, challenges the norms set by the heteronormative society and calls for a case for those who do not want to conform to its dictates in the name of culture and tradition. This article explores this resistance spirit through the figure of Kari who struggles against the dominant perceptions to construct her identity as different and unique.

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Heteronormative, monochromatic, femininity, self-introspective, normative

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition