Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

This study presents the design and simulation of a regenerative braking system for electric vehicles using a BLDC motor. The system recovers kinetic energy during breaking and stores it in the battery, improving overall efficiency. MATLAB/Simulink is used to model and analyze system performance. The results show effective energy recovery and improved vehicle efficiency, demonstrating the suitability of BLDC motors for regenerative braking applications.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Regenerative Braking System, Electric Vehicles (EVs), Brushless DC Motor (BLDC), Energy Recovery, MATLAB/Simulink, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), Battery Charging, Power Electronics.

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We all know that tomorrow belongs to those who prepare themselves for today. Student teachers in the Teacher Education Institutions prepare themselves with the acquisition of knowledge, skills and values. They have to serve and play multiple roles like home maker and wage earner for the smooth functioning of diverse kinds of work to build the society and nation in the closest, clearest and extreme way. With the aid of descriptive survey method, this study aims to explore the social freedom perceived by Student teachers selected randomly from B.Ed. Colleges of Bhagalpur city, Bihar state to administer the Women Social Freedom Scale on a sample of 160 Female Student teachers. Under parametric statistical techniques, t-test and F-test were applied for the data analysis. The study revealed that Student teachers differed significantly in social freedom in context to their marital status. The unmarried student teachers had a higher level of social freedom as compared to married student teachers. The student teachers of different socio economic status also differed significantly in their social freedom. At present, Student teachers have to achieve a lot and in reality they still have to travel a long way. They still have to pave through all the social prejudices so as to achieve the social freedom they expect; and the people yet have to allow and accept them to be equal counterparts in the way ahead.

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Student teachers, Social Freedom, Marital and Socio-Economic status.

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Employee performance appraisal is an important function of human resource management that helps organizations evaluate the efficiency, productivity, and overall contribution of their employees. It plays a key role in identifying employee strengths and weaknesses, improving work performance, and supporting career development. This study focuses on the performance appraisal system followed at Bharathi Cement Corporation Private Limited located in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. The main purpose of the study is to understand how the appraisal system is implemented in the organization and how it influences employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity. The study also aims to analyze employees' opinions regarding fairness, transparency, and effectiveness of the performance evaluation process.The research is based on both primary and secondary data collected from employees working in different departments of the organization. Primary data was gathered through structured questionnaires and direct interaction with employees, while secondary data was collected from company records, HR manuals, and relevant literature. The study examines the methods used for evaluating employee performance, the frequency of appraisals, and the feedback mechanisms provided by management. The findings suggest that an effective performance appraisal system helps in improving employee performance, identifying training needs, and enhancing organizational efficiency. The study concludes that a transparent and well-structured appraisal system is essential for maintaining employee satisfaction and achieving the long-term goals of the organization.

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Employee motivation, job satisfaction, and productivity,fairness, transparency, and effectiveness of the performance evaluation

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The growing emphasis on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) standards has reshaped the strategic priorities of financial institutions worldwide. In India, regulatory encouragement of sustainability disclosures and climate risk awareness has prompted banks to integrate ESG considerations into their governance and lending frameworks. Despite this transition, empirical evidence on whether ESG performance enhances financial resilience in Indian banks remains limited. This study examines the relationship between ESG performance and bank stability in India over the period 2015-2025. Using panel data for public and private sector banks, financial resilience is measured through the Z-score, non-performing asset (NPA) ratio, and earnings volatility. ESG performance is captured through composite and disaggregated environmental, social, and governance indicators derived from publicly disclosed reports. Fixed effects and dynamic panel estimations are employed to address unobserved heterogeneity and endogeneity concerns. The findings indicate that higher ESG performance is positively associated with bank stability and lower credit risk. Governance quality emerges as the strongest driver of resilience, while environmental and social dimensions contribute through risk mitigation and reputational strengthening. The results also suggest that ESG integration reduces earnings volatility, supporting the view that sustainability practices enhance long-term institutional robustness. The study contributes to the emerging literature on sustainable finance by providing bank-level evidence from a major emerging economy. It offers policy insights for regulators and banking institutions seeking to align sustainability objectives with financial stability goals.

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ESG performance; Bank stability; Financial resilience; Sustainable finance; Z-score; Indian banking sector

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Postcolonial theory has significantly reshaped academic discussions surrounding identity, representation, and power in societies framed by colonial histories. One of the most influential voices within this intellectual tradition is GayatryChakravortySpivak,whose writings challenge dominant assumptions about cultur representation and the politics of speaking for marginalized groups. Among her most widely debated ideas is the concept of strategic essentialism, a theoretical and political framework that allows marginalized communities to temporarily set in motion simplified collective identities for political action,while poststructuralist thought questions the stability of identity categories, Spivak acknowledges that political struggles often require the formation of unified group identities in order to challenge structures of domination. This article examines the intellectual origins, meaning, and political implications of strategic essentialism in Spivak's work. It also explores how the concept relates to postcolonial nationalism, feminist theory, and debates on representation and the subaltern. Through an analysis of Spivak's writings and their broader theoretical context, the article argues that strategic essentialism offers a pragmatic approach to identity politics that recognizes both the necessity and the dangers of collective identity formation. The discussion highlights the continued relevance of Spivak's ideas for contemporary debates on globalization, cultural identity, social justice and against colonialism she continued movements against of this.

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Strategic essentialism, postcolonial theory, political identity, representation, subalternstudies, globalization and feminist theory.

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According to Ayurveda the whole human body is explained by itself but as it's a modern era so we have to correlate each and every Ayurvedic concept with the modern science this study has been taken to correlate Ayurveda has classified the vital points in the body into 107 and named them Marma according to Acharya Sushruta Marma is constituted by confluence of Mansa(muscle),Sira(vessels), Snayu (nerves, tendons and ligaments), Asthi (bone) and Sandhi (joints). The lifetime prevalence of low back pain has been reported between 60% to 80%. By contrast, the life time prevalence of sciatica is between 2% and 4%. According to Acharya Charaka, two types of Gridhrasi have been listed Vataj and Vatakaphaja. Pain starts from Sphik (buttock) and then radiates to Kati, Prushta (back), Uru (thigh), Janu (knee), Jangha (calf) and Paada (foot) along with Stambha (stiffness), Ruka (pain), Toda (pricking sensation) and Spandana (twitching) are the signs and symptoms of Vataj Gridhrasi. While Aruchi (anorexia), Tandra (drowsiness) and Gaurava (heaviness) are the additional symptoms which are found in Vatakaphaja. The Marma Chikitsa was performed in which Pada Kshipra Marma, Pada Talahridaya Marma, Gulpha Marma, Indravasti Marma, Ani Marma, Janu Marma, Urvi Marmas was manipulated. Each Marma will be stimulated or rhythm of stimulation of Marma is same as the rhythm of respiration i.e.approx 18 times per minute. The Marma Chikitsa was performed on every alternate day for two weeks Gridhrasi. Marma Chikitsa is the art of treating certain vital points to re-channelize the Pranna (vital force in the body).

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Gradhrasi, Sciatica, Kshipra Marma, Gulpha Marma, Marma Chikitsa.

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A Critical Study of Religious Conversion: Its Resolution from the Perspective of Jayanta Bhaṭṭa.

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A Critical Study of Religious Conversion: Its Resolution from the Perspective of Jayanta Bhaṭṭa.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Microfinance has emerged as a pivotal instrument for fostering entrepreneurial empowerment among small-scale vendors, particularly within the context of large-scale socio-cultural gatherings such as the Maha Kumbh Mela. The recent 2025 Maha Kumbh attract approximately 600 millions of pilgrims and tourists, offers a substantial economic prospect for both local and migrant micro-entrepreneurs. This study investigates the strategic role of microfinance in facilitating accessible credit, augmenting working capital, and ensuring the sustainability of small enterprises during the event. This study critically evaluates the influence of micro-loans on income generation, business growth, and the promotion of financial inclusion within the informal economy. Furthermore, the research engages with the inherent challenges in the sector, including elevated interest rates, repayment pressures, and the pervasive deficit of financial literacy. The findings underscore the transformative potential of microfinance in enhancing the livelihoods of marginalized entrepreneurs during this mega-events.

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Microfinance, Small-Scale Vendors, Entrepreneurial Empowerment, Maha Kumbh 2025, Financial Inclusion, Informal Economy

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By using female characters as heroes in Indian video games, the status of women has been promoted, but the commonly-used patterns of representation always have their basis in one of these categories that have been handed down through history: the woman who must be rescued and is therefore part of a narrative damsel in distress or woman as the goddess of myth with her transcendental values and symbols one civilization sign. This study contends that getting beyond both these patterns requires theoretical work anchored not merely on inert strength but also itself be built on body (from the way she was framed to the result in cultural code), on dexterity (what a player can do through her), and on personality because of them, her desires and decisions become the skeleton around which subsequent development spins out. Through the staged, qualitative case study grounded in Raji: An Ancient Epic, MISSING - Game for a Cause, and Venba, supported with extra India-specific examples (Unrest - Devi: A Light in the Dark - Ajnabee: A Stranger Vocal Horror Stories--Gaja ), this paper elaborates five major ways of representing Indian heroines: the mythic heroine the activist/survivor the female protagonist who lives with or is apart from family, both at home and abroad the ensemble lead in a civic political drama the contemporary psychological subject Findings show that reasons for moves away from damsel/deity typicity become convincing only when games design the issue at mechanical level (choice architectures, pacing philosophy s of failure), when they interfere with traditions of "gaze" through framing and graphic grammar, and if they approve women as playable outside rescue or worship Paper concludes with a gender-saved design frame for India's game-making scene, stressing representational variety, intersectionality specificity and the grounding aesthetic that is Should be for cultural form of creativity.

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Indian video games; female protagonists; feminist game studies; postcolonial game studies; gender representation; character aesthetics

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In today's fast-paced digital world, students and professionals often struggle to identify the right learning path aligned with their interests, skills, and career goals. SkillWise is an AI-powered full stack web application designed to assist users in making informed decisions about their career development through personalized roadmaps, curated course recommendations, and project ideas. The platform allows users to input their current skills via a resume parser or manual form, and uses Natural Language Processing (NLP) to extract relevant data. A machine learning model then analyzes the profile and suggests a personalized learning roadmap with free/paid courses from platforms like YouTube, Coursera, and edX. Additionally, SkillWise recommends GitHub project ideas relevant to the user's goals to encourage hands-on practice. The system features a dynamic dashboard where users can visualize their progress, save learning resources, and receive periodic guidance. The backend is built using Flask/Node.js, the frontend with React.js, and data is stored in MongoDB. AI/NLP models (using Cohere API or OpenAI) power the recommendation system. The platform is designed to be scalable, modular, and impactful, offering career clarity to learners across domains.

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Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing, Career Guidance, Recommendation System, Resume Parsing, Personalized Learning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition