Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital payment systems in India, particularly following the widespread adoption of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI), has transformed the banking landscape. While digital financial inclusion is expected to enhance efficiency and outreach, its implications for bank stability remain underexplored. This study examines whether post-UPI digital financial inclusion contributes to or undermines the stability of Indian banks. The study employs panel data analysis covering Scheduled Commercial Banks in India over the period 2016-2025. Bank stability is measured using the Z-score and non-performing asset (NPA) ratios, while digital financial inclusion is proxied by digital transaction intensity and UPI transaction growth. Fixed and random effects models are estimated, followed by robustness checks using dynamic panel techniques. Secondary data are sourced from the Reserve Bank of India's Database on Indian Economy and official payment statistics (Reserve Bank of India [RBI], 2023; National Payments Corporation of India [NPCI], 2024). The empirical results indicate that digital financial inclusion significantly enhances bank stability by diversifying income streams and strengthening deposit mobilization. However, excessive digital expansion without adequate risk management may elevate operational and cybersecurity risks. The findings provide policy insights for regulators and bank managers, emphasizing the need to balance digital innovation with prudential oversight to sustain financial stability.

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 Keywords

Digital financial inclusion; UPI; bank stability; non-performing assets; panel data analysis

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In the aviation industry, digital transformation has become a strategic necessity that is changing consumer engagement, operational procedures, and overall competitiveness. Artificial intelligence, automation, digital payment systems, online booking platforms, digital check-in facilities, and data analytics have all transformed passenger services and operational efficiency in the context of Indian airlines. This study examines how passengers see these digital initiatives, emphasising how they improve customer experience, streamline operations, cut costs, and boost global competitiveness. The study offers insights into the acceptance, efficacy, and inclusivity of digital transformation across various demographic groups using a quantitative research approach with 200 airline passengers. The results show that digital initiatives in Indian airlines are highly valued, with favourable results for both strategic positioning and service quality. The study emphasises how crucial it is to keep funding digital technology in order to maintain customer satisfaction, efficiency, and innovation in the quickly changing Indian aviation sector.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Data Analytics, Digital Payment Systems, Online Booking, Digital Transformation, Indian Airlines, Customer Experience, Operational Efficiency, and Aviation Competitiveness

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Women's empowerment through education is an important goal of social welfare policies in India, especially in Tamil Nadu. The Puthumai Penn Scheme, introduced by the Government of Tamil Nadu, provides financial assistance to girl students to support their higher education. This study, titled "A Study on the Impact of the Puthumai Penn Scheme with Special Reference to College Students in Coimbatore District," evaluates the effectiveness of the scheme and its impact on the beneficiaries. The main objective of the study is to examine the socio-economic impact of the scheme on college-going girls, particularly in reducing dropout rates, encouraging higher education and improving financial independence. The study follows a descriptive research design and is based on primary data collected from 50 respondents using a structured questionnaire and also through case studies. Secondary data was collected from government reports, journals, and official sources were also used. The findings reveal that the Puthumai Penn Scheme has significantly increased enrolment and retention of female students in higher education. The financial support through the scheme has reduced the economic burden on families, especially those from rural and economically weaker sections. In addition, the scheme has positively influenced the academic motivation, self-confidence, and career aspirations of the female students. Most respondents reported that the scheme helped them continue their education without interruption and contributed to their personal and professional growth. However, the study also identifies certain challenges, such as limited awareness among eligible students and administrative difficulties in accessing the benefits. In conclusion, the Puthumai Penn Scheme plays a vital role in promoting women's education and empowerment. The study suggests that increasing awareness and improving implementation processes can enhance the effectiveness and reach of the scheme.

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 Keywords

Puthumai Penn scheme, impact study, Goverment of Tamil Nadu scheme, Female education

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 Abstract

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Academic stress has become a common concern among students in higher education due to increasing academic demands, examination pressure, and performance expectations. The present study aims to examine the level of academic stress among degree students in Hubli city and to identify the major factors contributing to it. A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Data were collected from 200 undergraduate students using a structured questionnaire based on a three-point Likert scale. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, along with an independent t-test to examine gender differences. The findings indicate that students experience a moderate level of academic stress, mainly due to academic workload, examination pressure, and expectations from parents and teachers. Although female students reported slightly higher stress levels than male students, the difference was not statistically significant. The study highlights the need for supportive academic environments and effective coping strategies to help students manage stress and improve their overall well-being.

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Academic Stress, Degree Students, Academic Pressure, Student Well-being, Hubli City.

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ABSTRACT We propose the Cognitive-Emotional Feedback Processing (CEFP) framework, an innovative method to assist high school teachers by merging affective neuroscience and cognitive load theory. The framework analyzes the dynamic interaction between teachers' emotional states and cognitive load during feedback sessions by measuring physiological indicators such as facial electromyography and heart rate variability to assess affective responses. Cognitive load is assessed through a dual-task paradigm, while a hierarchical Bayesian model integrates multimodal data to infer latent states of valence, arousal, and cognitive load. Furthermore, the framework includes self-efficacy as a moderating element, continuously adjusted through a Bayesian network to mirror teachers' adaptive reactions. The CEFP framework improves current approaches by introducing a tool grounded in computation and evidence, designed for immediate assistance to educators. Its importance stems from connecting theoretical frameworks with real-world implementations, delivering practical guidance for educational strategies. The framework merges affective and cognitive dimensions, yielding a deeper comprehension of teacher experiences, which supports the design of customized professional development approaches.

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Keywords: Cognitive-Emotional Feedback, Evidence-Based Teacher Support, Cognitive Load Theory

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The purpose of the present study was to compare Achievement Motivation between state-level Kabaddi and Softball players. Achievement motivation is considered a vital psychological determinant influencing persistence, competitive drive, goal orientation, and overall sports performance. A total of sixty (N = 60) male state-level players aged between 18 and 25 years were selected for the study, comprising thirty (n = 30) Kabaddi players and thirty (n = 30) Softball players. The Sports Achievement Motivation Test, developed by M. L. Kamlesh (1990), was used to assess participants' level of achievement motivation. Descriptive statistics, including Mean and Standard Deviation, were computed for both groups. The results indicated that Kabaddi players obtained a higher mean score (M = 135.42, SD = 12.18) compared to Softball players (M = 128.36, SD = 11.54), showing observable variation in achievement motivation levels. To determine whether this difference was statistically significant, an Independent Samples t-test was applied. The obtained t-value was 2.31 with 58 degrees of freedom, and the corresponding p-value was 0.024, which is less than the established 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a statistically significant difference in achievement motivation between Kabaddi and Softball players. Therefore, the null hypothesis stating that there is no significant difference between the groups was rejected, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted. The study concludes that sport type influences achievement motivation, with Kabaddi players demonstrating comparatively higher motivational orientation than Softball players.

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Achievement Motivation, Kabaddi, Softball, Sports Psychology, Independent t-test

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As the network requirements are increasing due to the increased traffic load given by 5G networks, the traditional methods for network management are not efficient to handle this traffic. Traditional traffic engineering (TE) solutions which uses static routing protocols and heuristic based load balancing can not handle highly dynamic and bursty nature of modern traffic which leads to inefficient resource utilization and compromised QOS. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) IS a transformative architectural paradigm by connecting the control plane with the data plane and hence facilitating programmable and agile traffic management. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) offers a potent, model-free approach to intelligent TE, enabling agents to learn optimal routing policies through continuous interaction with the network environment. This paper provides the comparison of various DRL algorithms used for SDN-TE, Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) are compared on the basis of latency and throughput.. Experimental results demonstrate that DRL-based agents can achieve up to a 30% reduction in latency and a 60% improvement in throughput compared to traditional routing baselines. The study also addresses critical implementation challenges, including scalability and the integration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for enhanced generalization

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software defined network, deep reinforcement learning, deep Q network, routing

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Electricity generation using a bicycle is a simple and eco-friendly method of producing electrical energy through human power. This project converts mechanical energy generated by pedaling a bicycle into electrical energy using a dynamo or generator. The generated electricity can be stored in a battery and used for small devices such as mobile charging, LED lights, or emergency power supply. This system is useful in rural areas where electricity access is limited and promotes renewable energy and physical exercise

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ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY USING UPRIGHT BIKE

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Purpose - This research paper explores the pivotal role of academic institutions in fostering socially responsible start-ups. These academic start-ups emerge from university research, and provide a distinct advantage in spearheading innovation. This paper investigates the role of academic institutions in fostering academic start-ups that prioritise sustainability and social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach - Through a comprehensive literature review, the paper identifies key areas where academic startups have made substantial impacts. Additionally, the study highlights the role of these startups in advocating for regulatory changes and increasing public consciousness regarding sustainable practices. Findings -The findings demonstrate that academic startups bring innovative solutions and engage in significant collaborations with industry partners, government agencies, and local communities to enhance the effectiveness of socially responsible academically-driven start-ups. Nevertheless, the research also pinpoints the challenges faced by these startups, including financial limitations, reluctance from the market, and regulatory complexities. Research limitations/implications - The study provides a comprehensive background for industry and academia. It provides new avenues for funding agencies and lays grounds for amendments and policy changes for the government. Originality/value - A model framework is developed showcasing the role of academic institutions in creating a more sustainable and socially responsible future for the industry.

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 Keywords

Academic start-ups, social responsibility, sustainability, innovation.

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