Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) has emerged as a viable strategy for sustainable machining because it drastically reduces cutting-fluid consumption while maintaining acceptable machining performance. This paper presents a structured review of MQL focusing on lubrication mechanisms, machining responses, process-wise applicability, implementation barriers, and industrial relevance for small-scale manufacturing industries, with special emphasis on the Ludhiana district in Punjab, India. The review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed studies on how MQL influences cutting force, tool wear, surface quality, thermal behavior, and process stability across turning, milling, drilling, and grinding operations. It further examines the functional roles of mineral, vegetable, synthetic-ester, and nano-enhanced lubricants, and compares MQL with dry, flood, and cryogenic cooling modes in terms of cooling capacity, lubrication quality, cost, and environmental impact. Finally, the paper discusses adoption barriers for micro and small enterprises in Ludhiana, including awareness gaps, retrofit feasibility, and economic hesitation, and outlines a practical roadmap for gradual implementation. The review concludes that MQL is not merely a laboratory concept but a realistic intermediate pathway toward sustainable machining in resource-sensitive industrial clusters, provided that technical, organizational, and economic factors are addressed coherently.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Minimum Quantity Lubrication, MQL, sustainable machining, green manufacturing, cutting fluids, tool wear, surface roughness, Ludhiana industries, small-scale manufacturing.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In the digital age, screen-based devices such as smartphones, tablets, televisions, and computers have become integral to children's daily lives. While these technologies offer educational and recreational benefits, excessive screen time has raised concerns regarding its impact on mental health and behavioral outcomes among children. This article explores the relationship between prolonged screen exposure and issues such as anxiety, depression, attention problems, sleep disturbances, and social difficulties. It also discusses contributing factors, including content type, duration of use, parental supervision, and individual susceptibility. Evidence suggests that excessive and unregulated screen time is associated with negative psychological and behavioral outcomes, whereas moderate and guided use may provide developmental benefits. The article emphasizes the need for balanced screen use, parental guidance, and public health awareness to mitigate adverse effects and promote healthy child development.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Screen time, mental health, children, behavioral outcomes, digital media, anxiety, attention deficit, sleep disturbance, social development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Efficient urban grievance redressal is crucial for strengthening public trust and ensuring smooth civic operations in rapidly growing cities. However, traditional manual systems remain slow, fragmented, and difficult for citizens to navigate. This work presents an AI- powered Grievance Management Platform that combines Natural Language Processing (NLP) for understanding voice and text complaints, Machine Learning (ML) for automated routing, Computer Vision (CV) for analyzing image-based issues, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for accurate location tracking. Citizens can securely submit GPS-enabled images while maintaining privacy, and a public dashboard displays active and resolved complaints to promote transparency. Image-based verification ensures authentic issue resolution. Experimental deployment demonstrates improved speed, accountability, and trust in urban governance, supporting a more data-driven and citizen-centric smart city ecosystem.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence (AI), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), Computer Vision (CV), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Solar Based wireless Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station is an eco-friendly solution to meet the growing demand for electric vehicle charging. This project uses solar energy as a renewable source to generate electricity through solar panels. The generated power is stored in batteries and used to charge electric vehicles when needed. The system reduces dependence on conventional fossil fuels and helps in minimizing environmental pollution. It consists of key components like solar panels, charge controller, battery storage, inverter, and EV charging unit. The use of solar energy makes the system cost-effective and sustainable in the long run. It can be installed in remote areas where grid electricity is not available. The project promotes green energy and supports the concept of clean transportation. It also reduces electricity costs and carbon emissions. Overall, the solar-based EV charging station is a smart and efficient solution for future energy needs and contributes to a cleaner and greener environment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

A Solar Based wireless Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Indian philosophical tradition includes Vedas, Upanishadas, Puranas, Mahakabyas, Smritis etc. The ideals of one of them are followed by all and ultimately there are no differences of these ideals. Darshana is the journey of the Atmajnana to Brahmajnana. Darshana is also an attempt to balance personal well being with welfare of society. Moral philosophy or NITISASTRA discusses the human action or behaviour in general. All the works performed with freedom falls under the jurisdiction of moral philosophy. To live a peaceful and happy life we must follow moral standard. The Vedic principles are based on some 'do'es and don't's. These principles are recognized as Values. Sometimes we may face moral dilemma at certain situations. There are some flexibilities in the use of morality considering demands of the situation. In the age of crisis and confliction, Indian ethical values have specific significance. It teaches us to live a balanced life with nature. There are so many problems of our life and solutions of them are already prescribed in the ethical studies. We are already pre- cautioned by our ancestors. We must follow them to get rid of the life troubles whether it is personal or social in nature.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Vedas, Darshana, Moral Value, Rta, Rna, Karmaphala,Moksha

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper will delve into the real audit methods that Chartered Accountancy (CA) firms are using with the main focus on both the statutory and internal audits that are carried out to guarantee financial adherence, authenticity and accountability. Observations, engagement in auditing tasks, and the sharing of experiences with auditors as part of the internship training in a mid-sized organization were employed to conduct data collection based on the qualitative research approach and analysis of the case study. The paper has studied planning, execution and reporting of audit in numerous businesses and found out that the auditing firms were always faced with the following problems: strict schedules, poor control mechanisms, GST and TDS discrepancies, and poor documentation. Even while not many people used advanced automation, a lot of people used products like Tally ERP, Microsoft Excel, and ICAI templates. The report says that to make audits more efficient, you need to follow professional standards, work well with clients, and keep good records. Even if there are still a lot of problems, audits have been very important for compliance and internal control systems since they provide assurance and advice. The research comes to the conclusion that incorporating emerging tools and technology and supporting the continuity of professional development can contribute to the credibility and efficiency to a greater degree.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tally ERP, ICAI Standards, Internal Audit, Statutory Audit, Chartered Accountant Firms, Auditing Practices, Audit Documentation, GST Reconciliation, Qualitative Study

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Excessive use of social media and digital devices has become a major concern affecting productivity, mental health, and overall well-being, especially among students and young adults. This research proposes a Social Media Screen Time Monitor and Control System designed to track, analyze, and regulate device usage effectively. The system monitors application usage in real time and generates detailed reports on daily and weekly screen activity. It also provides alerts, usage limits, and automated controls to reduce excessive screen time. The proposed system utilizes behavioral analysis and monitoring techniques to identify patterns of overuse and encourage healthier digital habits. Additionally, features such as personalized recommendations, parental control, and productivity modes help users maintain a balanced digital lifestyle. Experimental observations indicate that the system improves time management, reduces digital distractions, and promotes responsible technology usage.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Screen Time Monitoring, Social Media Usage, Digital Well-being, Smartphone Addiction, User Behavior Analysis, Application Usage Tracking, Real-Time Monitoring, Productivity Improvement, Usage Analytics, Screen-Time Control System.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing reliance on web applications for handling sensitive user data has made application-level security a critical requirement. Although cryptographic algorithms are well established, their practical integration into web frameworks is often limited to theoretical demonstrations or isolated scripts. This paper presents the design and implementation of a web-based encryption system developed using the Django framework to demonstrate the practical application of cryptographic techniques in a real-time web environment. The system allows authenticated users to perform secure text encryption and decryption using symmetric algorithms such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES), while RSA is employed for secure symmetric key protection. Additionally, SHA- 256 hashing is used to ensure secure password storage and user authentication. Experimental observations conducted on varying input sizes indicate that AES provides lower computational overhead compared to 3DES, while hybrid encryption introduces additional processing cost due to asymmetric key operations. The primary objective of this work is to provide an educational and practical reference for implementing cryptography within web applications. The results confirm that established encryption algorithms can be effectively combined with modern web frameworks to achieve secure and user-accessible data protection. This work is intended primarily as an educational and practical implementation reference rather than a proposal of new cryptographic algorithms.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cryptography, Web Application Security, Django Framework, AES, RSA, Hybrid Encryption

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This Study analyses the methods that are used by the chartered accounting firms to conduct audits and to guarantee adherence in real environment. The data is collected from observations, interviews and analysis of 15 audit assignments in mid-sized CA firm located in Boisar by using qualitative & case-based methodology. This study has identified different hurdles like lack of time, GST reconciliation problems, and procrastination in documentation in simple words, multiple issues occurred simultaneously as indicated by the chi-square test that highlighted that there is no significant predominance of any single challenge. The company faces bottlenecks because of restricted digitalization and recurrent regulatory challenges, with strict compliance to ICAI standards and timely observance. The study highlights the importance of technology, staff training and client coordination to enhance audit quality and financial transparency.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial Compliance, Qualitative Case Study, Chartered Accountant Firm, Audit Practices, and Audit Efficiency

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In today's digital landscape, malware poses a persistent and evolving threat to cybersecurity, compromising sensitive data and disrupting system integrity across industries. Traditional signature-based detection methods struggle to keep pace with the rapid proliferation of novel malware variants. This project explores the application of machine learning techniques to enhance malware detection capabilities by identifying patterns and anomalies in executable files and system behavior. Using supervised learning algorithms such as XGBoost and Neural Networks, the system is trained on labeled datasets comprising both benign and malicious samples. Feature extraction from static and dynamic analysis enables the model to generalize across unseen threats, improving detection accuracy and reducing false positives. The results demonstrate that machine learning offers a scalable, adaptive, and proactive approach to malware mitigation, paving the way for intelligent cybersecurity solutions. The exponential growth of digital infrastructure has led to an alarming rise in malware attacks, targeting individuals, corporations, and critical systems. Malware, short for malicious software, encompasses a wide range of threats including viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware, and spyware. Conventional detection systems rely heavily on signature databases, which are often ineffective against zero-day exploits and polymorphic malware.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Machine Learning, Malware Detection, Cybersecurity, Python, Classification

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition