Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Skin cancer detection using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques has emerged as a pivotal tool in early diagnosis, aiding in the reduction of mortality rates associated with skin malignancies. Traditional diagnostic methods, which rely heavily on dermatologists' expertise, can be complemented by automated systems to improve efficiency and accuracy. This paper reviews various ML and DL approaches employed in the detection of skin cancer, particularly melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). ML models such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forests (RF), and k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) have been applied to skin lesion image classification, relying on handcrafted features like texture, shape, and color. However, the advent of DL, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), has revolutionized the field by eliminating the need for manual feature extraction and enabling automatic learning from large datasets. DL techniques, including transfer learning using pre-trained networks like VGG, ResNet, and EfficientNet, have demonstrated superior performance, achieving accuracy rates comparable to or surpassing human dermatologists. The use of large datasets like ISIC and HAM10000 has facilitated model training, though challenges like data imbalance, model interpretability, and generalization across diverse populations remain. This paper also explores hybrid models that integrate ML and DL, enhancing the overall diagnostic power. Despite these advances, further research is needed to address the limitations of existing models, such as ensuring robustness and scalability in real-world applications. Ultimately, the integration of ML and DL in skin cancer detection holds the potential for significant advancements in dermatological healthcare, offering a promising tool for both clinical and remote diagnostics.

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 Keywords

Skin cancer, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Networks, transfer learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing reliance on online shopping has significantly transformed consumer purchasing behavior, with online product reviews becoming a key influence in shaping consumer decisions. This study investigates the impact of online product reviews on the purchase decisions of e-commerce customers, exploring factors such as review content, star ratings, reviewer credibility, and emotional tone. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys and analysis of customer feedback, the research examines how positive and negative reviews, as well as review volume and recency, influence consumer trust, perceptions, and purchasing intent. Findings suggest that both the quantity and quality of reviews play a crucial role in enhancing customer confidence and reducing perceived risk. The study also highlights the importance of emotional resonance in reviews, suggesting that customer engagement is heightened when reviews include personal stories or detailed experiences. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how e-commerce platforms can optimize review systems to foster trust and encourage higher conversion rates, ultimately benefiting both businesses and consumers.

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The increasing reliance on online shopping has significantly transformed consumer purchasing behavior, with online product reviews becoming a key influence in shaping consumer decisions. This study investigates the impact of online product reviews on the purchase decisions of e-commerce customers, exploring factors such as review content, star ratings, reviewer credibility, and emotional tone. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, including surveys and analysis of custom

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Multi-modal sentiment analysis (MSA) has emerged as a focal point of research efforts in recent years, primarily due to its capacity to utilize various data modalities--including text, audio, and visual content--to enhance the precision of sentiment predictions. This paper presents a concise review of recent progress in MSA, outlining pivotal methodologies, prominent challenges, and prospective research trajectories. The integration of deep learning frameworks, along with feature fusion techniques and the benchmark datasets commonly employed in MSA investigations, will be examined in detail. Furthermore, the discourse will extend to the challenges introduced by data heterogeneity, the issues surrounding synchronization, and the complexities related to interpretability in the context of MSA. The conclusion will propose several future directions, emphasizing the potential impact of large-scale pre-trained models and cross-modal learning approaches on the advancement of sentiment analysis research.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Multimodal, Fusion, Scalability, Explainabilty ,Modalities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The inhibitory effect of combined nitrogen on nitrogenase, the enzyme for nitrogen fixation, creates a problem in nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter in soil. The present study deals with mitigation of the inhibitory effect of ammonia through increasing the C:N ratio in culture medium. It was found that increase in C:N ratio by increasing glucose level or by decreasing ammonia level in ammonia containing culture medium increases the nitrogenase activity in Azotobacter chroococcum (Isolate No. VIBAZOTO-03). Two probable causes of this effect of glucose were suggested. First, increase in respiration rate and thus depleting the cellular oxygen level which protects nitrogenase from oxygen toxicity, and secondly, increase the alginate level in medium which is positively correlated with nitrogen fixation. The growth rate of this bacteria, however, was not affected significantly by ammonia, while increase in glucose level increased the growth rate.

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 Keywords

Azotobacter chroococcum, Nitrogenase, Ammonia inhibition, , C:N ratio, Mitigation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract Very few authors in the world of literature have explored and fathomed the depth of intricacies of the lives that people lead like Naguib Mahfouz. The complications he portrays are so varied that they encapsulate almost all situations that humans go through - in mind and circumstances, that are either of one's own making or that of their destiny. His dexterity to provide insights into the situations that are too hard to decode make him a master in understanding life. The array of complexities that his characters face in his novels are mirrors that reflect the realities of life. Moreover, his writing style, and his depiction of the mental and emotional struggles of his characters along with the challenges they face, make him an author who can fathom and explain life and its workings to the minutest of details. His reflections and contemplations on the subjects of love, friendship, compulsion, duty and familial bonds along with all other experiences and emotions that a human goes through are lessons on the workings of life. The complex manner in which life works is in itself a subject of an exploration that is enormous in its extent, and novelists like Naguib Mahfouz, through their innate talent, comment on them with a mastery that showcases the highest form of comprehension of the complexities of mankind.

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Keywords: circumstances, environment, mankind, struggles, human bonds

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The study of subaltern narratives that emerge out of post colonial study as a branch of knowledge system giving space to the voice of the marginalized living on the periphery or in a state of being ignored by the mainstream narratives, dare to challenge and debunk the stereotype and linear perspectives long held by the hegemony and power structure of ruling class. The study traces the struggle and resistance of self- contented indigenous people belonging to Angami tribe in Nagaland , suffering and feeling alienated with the appropriation of their land and political struggle by colonial masters and nationally elite class of post independent India. Tribal people, associated with the protection of land from ancient times, had suffered and gone through a series of conflicts and and resistance resulting in the creation of glorious history of their own , which didn't find any significance and recognition in the formation of nation history for the biasness and prejudices of the elite historiographers. The issues of land extortion, land alienation, replacement, broader national context and others resulted into the disastrous loss of self- determination and cultural identity. This article aims to trace the trajectory of the critical and ambiguous existence of Naga people during and after colonial period with the intricate play of of hegemony and power structure over the land politics with the perspective of subaltern geopolitics. All the tribes in general and Angami tribe in particular are intrinsically and culturally connected to the land, and the acquisition and protection of land for their existence played a significant role in the exploitation and subjugation of the indigenous people. Imperialism and its mechanism, which had been spread and normalised to the tribal community by dominant groups, have been analysed with the lens of subaltern geopolitics. It also focuses on the intricate and complex power structure in terms of political and economic exploitation inflicted on Angami tribe.

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 Keywords

Keywords: hegemony, Power, knowledge, land extortion, appropriation, hierarchy, subalternity and surveillance

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Chemical terpenes, perfumes, tastes, cosmeceuticals, and health beverages are all derived from aromatic plants. The process of extracting involves utilizing certain solvents to separate the aromatically active parts of plant tissues. Percolation, maceration, and other general extraction methods for aromatic plants can be used. Plants can produce products in a liquid or semisolid condition that are relatively complicated combinations of metabolites. The phytochemical analysis of Magnalia Champaca, Holy Basil, and Rosa Indica revealed the presence of alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, leucoanthcyanins, steroids, anthocyanins, phlobatinins, essential oil, and saponins. Different processes of aromatic plant extracts and essential oils used for perfume formulation are reviewed. The choice of cosmetics by consumers is frequently influenced by fragrance, which is an essential component of cosmetic goods. As frequent ingredients in cosmetic formulations like fatty acids, oils, and surfactants, fragrances also play a significant role in disguising unpleasant odours. Furthermore, given the potential health risks associated with artificial fragrance chemicals, which are important components of cosmetics, the stoking demand for natural ingredients has significantly contributed to a renewed interest in the cosmetic and wellness industries in plant derivatives. As a result, well-known cosmetic companies now endorse natural fragrances and choose minimally processed natural ingredients.

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The tincture, Herbal Perfume, Dioxygen, Maceration, Percolation etc.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Kalidasa's Abhigyanashakuntalam is an exquisite Sanskrit play that interlaces spirituality and aesthetics, serving as an exemplar of classical Indian literature. The focus of this research paper is the interplay between the dual themes of spirituality and aesthetics in the play while underscoring the synthesis of philosophical ideals and art expression by Kalidasa. This paper seeks to analyse the spirit of the interplay between the characters, their actions, and the poetic elements of the work and the spirit infused in the play in terms of the spiritual ethos and aesthetic refinement guiding it. The research looks into the relationship of the play within Rasa theory and Dhvani philosophy to deepen understanding of the impact in Indian literary tradition.

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 Keywords

spirituality, aesthetics, Sanskrit literature, dharma, karma, moksha, moral framework.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study investigates the chemical parameters of water in Sonala Dam, located in Washim district, Maharashtra, India, over a four-month period from November 2024 to February 2025. Four sampling sites within the dam were analyzed for various water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen (DO), carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, salinity, total hardness, and carbon dioxide. The results indicated that the water quality in Sonala Dam is suitable for irrigation and fish farming, with dissolved oxygen levels reflecting active photosynthetic processes and supporting aquatic life. Seasonal variations were observed in chemical parameters, with slight fluctuations in carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, and salinity. The absence of carbon dioxide across all sites further supports a healthy aquatic environment. The study concludes that the water in Sonala Dam can safely be used for both domestic purposes and irrigation, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring to ensure water quality and support the local ecosystem.

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 Keywords

Chemical parameters, Sonala dam, Washim district.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of workplace ostracism (WO) research, tracing its intellectual development from its inception to December 2024. Using a systematic literature review and bibliometric techniques, the study analyzes 699 research publications sourced from the Scopus database. The analysis employs science mapping techniques, including co-authorship analysis, keyword co-occurrence, and citation analysis networks, using VOS viewer software. The findings highlight key publishing trends, influential journals, highly cited publications, and prominent authors contributing to WO research. The study also identifies the most productive countries and industries engaged in this field. This research enriches the existing literature by offering critical bibliographic insights and identifying future research directions. The findings serve as a valuable resource for scholars and practitioners, facilitating deeper engagement with the field and fostering further advancements in WO studies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Workplace Ostracism, Bibliometric, Co-Authorship, Co-Occurrence, Citation Analysis, VOS viewer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition