Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

SmartPass is an innovative Android application designed to streamline bus pass management in urban areas, focusing on the PMPML daily bus pass system. Leveraging IoT technology, SmartPass offers a digital solution for purchasing, issuing, and validating bus passes, enhancing convenience for users and improving operational efficiency for public transportation authorities. This paper outlines the architecture, features, implementation, and potential impact of SmartPass in transforming urban mobility in smart cities. Through the integration of advanced technologies and digital payment systems, SmartPass represents a significant step towards modernizing bus pass systems and promoting sustainable urban transportation solutions.

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 Keywords

SmartPass, Smart Cities, Urban Mobility, Public Transportation, Bus Pass Management, Digital Solution, Mobile Application, Digital Payment, Sustainability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Predicting stock prices is essential in financial markets, but it can be difficult because of how dynamically the market behaves. Conventional techniques frequently fail to capture this complexity. One possible approach is deep reinforcement learning, or deep Q-Learning (DQL). This essay examines DQL's use in stock price prediction and considers its advantages, disadvantages, and methods. It starts with the basics of DQL and how it relates to financial forecasting before exploring several implementation strategies like experience replay and neural network architectures. Financial market-specific issues are covered, including model evaluation and data pretreatment. Synthesized empirical data contrasting DQL with conventional techniques is presented, demonstrating its effectiveness and outlining potential areas for further investigation. In the end, this review seeks to provide practitioners and scholars with an understanding of DQL's effectiveness in stock price prediction, enabling future developments in this rapidly developing subject.

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 Keywords

Stock Price Prediction, Financial Markets, Deep Reinforcement Learning, Deep Q-Learning, Traditional Methods, Future Directions.

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Database management systems (DBMS) have been pivotal in the evolution of information technology, facilitating the storage, retrieval, and manipulation of vast amounts of data across various domains. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of the history, evolution, current trends, and emerging challenges in the field of database management. Beginning with an overview of the foundational concepts of databases, the paper explores the progression from traditional relational databases to modern distributed and NoSQL databases. It discusses the impact of advancements such as cloud computing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence on database management practices. Furthermore, the paper delves into the challenges posed by scalability, security, privacy, and ethical considerations in the era of ubiquitous data. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide researchers, practitioners, and enthusiasts with valuable insights into the past, present, and future of database management

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 Keywords

Database management, DBMS, Relational databases, NoSQL databases, Cloud computing, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Scalability, Security, Privacy, Ethical considerations.

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The performance appraisal system is one of the most prominent functions of human resource management. According to Dale S. Beach "Performance appraisal is the systematic evaluation of an individual with respect to his or her performance on the job and his or her potential for development". Teacher professional development is critical to ensuring that students receive the highest quality education. Teachers must be constantly learning and growing in their profession to keep up with new techniques and approaches. Performance appraisal plays a major role in the development of a teacher and also in the development of an institution. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisals on teacher professional development. The study will explore the relationship between performance appraisal and teacher professional development, including the impact of feedback, motivation, and job satisfaction on teacher growth and development.

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 Keywords

Performance appraisal, Effectiveness, Teacher development, Professional Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Consumer behaviour is a key component of marketing research because it helps us understand how people and groups decide what products and services to consume. Businesses continuously strive to have a better knowledge of customer behaviour in order to more successfully adjust their marketing tactics and satisfy consumer needs as the global marketplace grows more competitive and dynamic. In this context, a sizable amount of research has been devoted to analysing consumer behaviour, frequently emphasising multinational companies (MNCs) as important players in the international market. However, it is crucial to recognise the tremendous contribution that MSMEs--micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises--have made to the world economy. MSMEs are essential to many industries, creating jobs, fostering innovation, and fostering economic progress. Recognising the considerable contribution that MSMEs (micro, small, and medium-sized companies) make to the world economy is crucial. MSMEs are essential in a number of industries, creating jobs, fostering innovation, and boosting the economy in several ways. By comparing the similarities and variations in customer behaviour patterns and decision-making processes, the comparative research between MNCs and MSMEs provides a unique viewpoint. It investigates the effects of variables on customer behaviour in MNCs and MSMEs, including brand perception, product quality, price sensitivity, and cultural impacts. This study aims to shed light on the main influences on customer behaviour in various organisational environments by evaluating these variables. In the globalised and linked world of today, understanding the contrasts between MNCs and MSMEs in terms of customer behaviour is extremely important. MSMEs operate on a smaller scale with less resources but may benefit from localised expertise and customisation while MNCs may have considerable resources and widespread brand awareness. Consumer behaviour in these various organisational environments is compared. In conclusion, by undertaking a comparison between MNCs and MSMEs, this conceptual paper seeks to add to the body of knowledge already available on customer behaviour. This study aims to shed light on the elements that influence consumer decision-making in these various organisational contexts by examining the similarities and variances in consumer behaviour patterns. The results of this study may influence MNCs and MSMEs' marketing plans, enabling them to interact and target customers in a market that is become more competitive on a global scale. Finally, the paper suggests future research directions to enhance our understanding of consumer behavior in the context of MNCs and MSMEs.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Products and services, Consumer needs, Global marketplace, Competitive and dynamic, Multinational companies (MNCs), MSMEs (Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises).,

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This model proposes a region-based automated vehicle system. We have developed a novel approach to automotive safety and security utilizing open CV software, which incorporates IOT and autonomous drowsiness detection. Drunk driving-related accidents have become a regular problem; therefore, a driver situation-based local environment recognition-based artificial intelligence system has been developed to address this issue. Because safety is of utmost importance when traveling, one must always be on guard.One of the main reason of accidents to occur is drowsiness or fatigue of the driver due to which both the driver and passengers are impacted and are prone is not responsible for providing any feedback to the system i.e., the buzzer alert to accidents, so here is a device which detects the drowsiness of the driver by detecting his eyes movement and warnings will be generate . Camera is fixed in a place where it can capture photos clearly. The real time images of eye are taken and matched, if the driver is not in the state of driving due to drowsiness at the first stage buzzer will be generate at next stage music will be generate which will be very irritating and helps the driver to wake up and if the driver will not able to react for these two stages next stage will be automatic break will be done slowly.

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 Keywords

Open CV,Robot Car,Drowsiness Detection,Operating system,Accidents

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Many people nowadays are attempting to live a healthier lifestyle. As a result, the demand for health clubs is growing by the day. However, work stress is increasing on a daily basis. People experience difficulties when traveling for an extended period of time. As a result, fitness becomes a challenge in order to preserve health. The paper intends to address all of these issues by consolidating all gym access on a single platform. Registered members can gain access to registered gyms in any area with the help of United Gymnasium. Additionally, he can see if the gym is occupied or empty. All that is required of the user is to scan the United Gymnasium-provided QR code for the gym. The member will then be able to conduct physical workouts when the gym has seen their whole program.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Fitness Platform, QR Code, Database, Connected Gyms Network, and Gym.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian economy is the fourth largest economy of the world on the basis of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). It is one of the most attractive destinations for business and investment opportunities due to huge manpower base, diversified natural resources and strong macro-economic fundamentals. Also, the process of economic reforms initiated since 1991 has been providing an investor-friendly environment through a liberalised policy framework spanning the whole economy, were retail industry plays a major role.Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for about 15% of its GDP.India's retail and logistics industry, organized and unorganized in combination, employs about 40 million Indians (3.3% of Indian population).The Retail Business in India is currently at the point of inflection. Current paper deals with a critical analysis of the prospects and problems of introducing FDI in Indian retail industry in past years with special emphasis on multi brand retail. The study will cover the majoraspects of FDI intervention, its positive and negative bearings on Indian retail industry. As now FDI has allowed in most of the industrial sector.In current economic & social conditions, FDI can be a hope for development or it can be a threat to domestic players & other related intermediaries. Many experts believe that FDI can bring positive changes, but on the other hand some critics have spoken adversely about this move. Present study is an effort to evaluate the pros and cons of FDI in Indian retail Industry in multi brand as we already seen its effect on single brand. It is a review based analysis.

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 Keywords

FDI, Indian Retail Industry, Social & Economic Scenario

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 Abstract

This study examines TVS Motors' capital budgeting decisions and the utilization of two tools: the Average Rate of Return (ARR) and the Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation. Capital budgeting involves evaluating potential investments to determine which projects are most likely to generate positive returns. The ARR method calculates the average annual profit of an investment relative to its initial cost, providing a simple metric for decision-making. The Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation, on the other hand, assesses the relationship between two variables, such as investment returns and project risk factors, helping managers understand the potential impact of various factors on investment outcomes. By employing these tools, TVS Motors can make informed decisions regarding capital allocation and maximize shareholder value.

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Keywords: TVS motors, Average Rate of Return, Karl's Pearson coefficient Correlation

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This study explores the working capital management practices of Hyundai Motors, focusing on changes in working capital and employing Karl Pearson correlation analysis. By analysing financial data and employing statistical tools, the study aims to assess the effectiveness of Hyundai's working capital management strategies and their impact on financial performance. The research aims to provide insights into Hyundai's approach to managing liquidity, inventory, receivables, and payables, ultimately offering recommendations for optimizing working capital management practices

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 Keywords

Changes in Working Capital Management, liquidity, adequate working capital.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition