Volume 12 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Safe motherhood, pregnant mothers, knowledge, behavior, reproductive age

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Studies were conducted post harvest losses and marketing technologies of agricultural products in Bangladesh with the major objectives to identify the major determents of post harvest factors and to determine the harvest needs of the products for better market profit along with its prioritization. The research works were done using structured technical investigative questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The areas covered were Dinajpur (AEZ 1), Natore (AEZ5), Kustia (AEZ 11), and Tangail-Modhupur (AEZ 28) in Bangladesh, considering diversity of agricultural production. The major findings show that absence of specific post harvest dependent agribusiness policy for government departments but it was a must for looking after agricultural products marketing in Bangladesh. The response in these matters of agribusiness development is similar giving emphasis on improving regulatory environments, creating a contact point for agribusiness administration within MOA, establishing Agro-export processing zones, organizing agribusiness groups and association activities, enhancing research, development of agro-technologies and participation of rural People ensuring income generation. Priority should be given to technologies suitable for small-scale agribusiness entrepreneurs and produces/ processors. The financial institutes, Banks and employment programs should give all type support for agribusiness in an integrated way. The domestic market should have more easy terms with government, giving priority to exporters for import. The contribution of Agribusiness in the national GDP/AGR and other indexes should be spelled out as needed on the basis of which the national priority/ privileges should be determined. Further studies in this respect were strongly recommended.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agricultural markets, agricultural technology, farmers, livelihood

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Project Management is a complex issue and it depends on multi factors. It changes case by case nature, situations, conditions etc. The management process of a project or a program or a portfolio of different nature may be different, but there are some guiding principles that always should be followed. Project Management depends on locality, skills of project personnel, availability of resources, stakeholder's interest etc. Sustainable development is an integral part of project management. Project sustainability is desired by all. Corporate sustainability initiatives performed by many organizations can be viewed as only paying lip service. Often, philanthropic activities are provided in order to do "good" for society. Seriously considering sustainable development (SD) principles means integrating these principles into services, products, and processes. Although SD is sometimes considered a fad, here SD is perceived as a new management paradigm, which aids in coping with the complexity and dynamics of organizations. SD as a new management paradigm is also of relevance for temporary organizations (i.e., for projects and programs). The SD principles, namely economic, ecologic, and social-oriented; short-term, mid-term, and long-term-oriented; local, regional, and global-oriented; as well as values-based, can be considered in the project initiation process and in the project management process in order to improve the quality of these processes, and by this, indirectly the quality of the project results. The mission of the Bangladesh is to ensure sustained economic growth, environmental protection and social justice which implies improvement of livelihood options of the people, reduction of poverty; ensuring wise use of natural resources, good governance and people's participation. Bangladesh is especially vulnerable to climatic risks due to its "combination of frequent natural disasters, high population density, poor infrastructure and low resilience to economic shocks". For sustainable development, to fight against many natural disasters, governments as well as many national and international Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) take initiatives to launch many projects every year. Immediately after liberation, the major portion of the industries was nationalized and brought under the direct management of the government. Since inception government of Bangladesh felt an urgent need for a planned and rapid development in an attempt to solve economic and social problems. Consequently, the public sector investments have been playing a dominating role in the economic development of the country. Although, political changes in the mid-seventies brought about changes in favor of private sector, the role of public sector development until now remains dominant. Project Management in a Sustainable way is a great challenge for any public sector development works. In this research work emphasizes is given on public funded project. Some recommendation has been made examining existing project management process. Sustainability issues have been analyzed to integrate in project management processes. This study aims to study planning and managing process of development projects in a Sustainable way in Bangladesh. It unravels the institutional inadequacies and challenges in planning and managing procedure. Different public organizations are continually seeking ways to make projects successfully implemented effectively and efficiently. Successful implementation of project is vital for socio-economic development of the developing countries like Bangladesh. From project planning to implementation, Bangladesh, as a developing country, faces very serious problems. The study may facilitate the Government, different public organization, the political leaders, civil society, private organization, donor agencies etc. regarding future policy issues in planning and managing development projects.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Project management, sustainability, sustainable development, project, CSR

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Hypothyroxinemia and strabismus is a serious problem for Bangladesh as well as in the world. For this reason blindness occur in the world. It is an avoidable cause of blindness and has a global prevalence, which ranges from 2% to 6%. Low level of thyroid hormone thyroxin called hypothyroxinaemia is responsible for it. In different studies and analysis, the role of thyroid hormones at different phases of brain and neural development and maturation occurs and it is important and draws our attention for the vulnerable periods. These periods occur during gestation and lactation when genetic (nature) environmental (nurture) factors, which include nutrients and chemical contaminants, interfere with maternal and offspring thyroid health. Iodine deficiency from inadequate alimentary habits is the most common cause of maternal and foetal thyroid dysfunction. In addition, selenium (a component of deiodinases), iron (a component of the prosthetic heme group associated to thyroperoxidase) and other micronutrients are required for an adequate life-long thyroid function, especially during development and adolescence. Moreover, environmental anti-thyroid contaminants are acquiring increased importance for interference of thyroid hormone synthesis, transport and metabolism. Besides these, some auto-immune thyroid diseases also interfere thyroid hormone metabolism and help to develop the complications of eyes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Hypothyroxinemia, blindness, strabismus, thyroid hormones, eyes-investigative parameters, iodine deficiency disorders, binocular vision, diplopia, rivalry, disparity, teratogenic effects, pleiotropic action, genetic mutation, cretins, nystagmus, diplegia, confusion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Constructing an affordable cost, environment-friendly simplified electrical energy source with Patharkuchi Leaf (PKL) for power electrification will significantly upgrade the lifestyle of 1.6 billion people especially, those who live in rural areas of Bangladesh. However, one-fifth of the world's population still lacks access to electricity-well, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bhutan). This innovative technology will meet essential requirements such as lighting, telecommunication as well as information access. Electrodes are put into the Bryophyllum Pinnatum Leaf (BPL) or Patharkuchi Leaf (PKL) sap and they produce substantially sufficient amounts of electricity to power energy-consumed electronics and electrical appliances. CuSO4.5H2O solution is used as a secondary salt. The role of CuSO4.5H2O solution has been studied. The electrical and chemical properties, a very important factor for PKL electricity generation devices have been studied in this research work. The electrical properties are internal resistance, voltage regulation, energy efficiency, pulse performance, self-discharge characteristics, discharge characteristics with load, the capacity of the PKL cell, temperature characteristics, and the life cycle of the PKL cell. The chemical properties are variation of voltage, and current with the variation of [Zn2+], [Cu2+], and time. The performance of the production of the two bi-products (fertilizer and hydrogen gas production) has been studied. Variations of concentration of Zn2+ and Cu2+ with the variation of percentage of the secondary salt (CuSO4. 5H2O), percentage of the water, and the percentage of PKL sap have been studied. The change in PKL power efficiency with time has also been studied. Most of the results have been tabulated and graphically discussed. This study showed that internal resistance is nearly 0.60 ohm, voltage regulation is close to 9%, pulse performance is very good and energy efficiency is about 65%. Internal resistance is very much higher than the acceptable range. It is not needed to charge the PKL cell using external energy sources. Voltage and current reduce exponentially and the concentration of copper decreases gradually with time for PKL cells which also reflects the higher lifetime of the cell. Current is linearly proportional to voltage. The voltaic efficiency of the PKL cell is significant for the generation of electricity. Voltage and current linearly decrease with decreasing the concentration of copper. After extraction of electricity, the bi-product contains sufficient amounts of zinc waste which can be used as zinc fertilizer.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Pathorkuchi leaf, electricity, renewable energy, Bangladesh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Adversarial or accusatorial nature in the civil procedure is proficient in Bangladesh and delay is one of the major troubles in our civil suits. The major purpose of this study is to find out the causes of delay in civil suits and to recommend demonstrable remedies to resolve the problem. Where it must take one or two years for the clearance of a civil suit, but it takes five to ten years or even further. So, it is the high time to get correct steps to get remedy against such delay. An essential requirement of justice is that it should be dispensed as quickly as possible.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Civil suits, delay, causes, justice, Bangladesh

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This comprehensive review explores various dimensions of dyslexia, focusing on its neurological underpinnings and the intricate challenges it poses to education. Emphasizing the multifaceted nature of dyslexia,the paper scrutinizes educational approaches, highlighting the pivotal role of inclusive education and assistive technology. Theimpact of dyslexia on online learning is examined, revealing a gap in research on the challenges faced by dyslexic individuals in digital education. Amid the global shift to online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, the study suggests solutions such as voice recognition technology to address educational inequality. The paper further reviews the evolving landscape of technicalsolutions, advocating for standardized assessmentsand usability testing. Special attention is given to voice navigation technologies and their potential to enhance the learning experience for dyslexic children. Additionally, the integration of smart technologies, including voice assistants, is explored to create inclusive and interactive learning environments, particularly in early childhood education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dyslexia, Inclusive Education, Assistive Technology, Online Learning, Voice Recognition Technology, Voice Navigation, Smart Technologies, Inclusive Learning, Language Evolution, Human-Machine Interaction, Internet of Things, Convolutional Neural Networks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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privacy preserving data mining, anonymization based approaches have been utilized to safeguard the privacy of a person. Existing writing tends to different anonymization based approaches for preserving the delicate private data of a person. The k-namelessness model is one of the broadly utilized anonymization based approach. Be that as it may, the anonymization based approaches experience the ill effects of the issue of data misfortune. To limit the data misfortune different best in class anonymization based clustering approaches viz. Ravenous k-part calculation and Systematic clustering calculation have been proposed. Among them, the Systematic clustering calculation gives lesser data misfortune. Furthermore, these approaches utilize all characteristics during the making of an anonym zed database. Along these lines, the danger of exposure of delicate private data is higher through distribution of the considerable number of traits. In this paper, we propose two approaches for limiting the revelation hazard and preserving the privacy by utilizing deliberate clustering calculation. First approach makes an inconsistent mix of semi identifier and touchy property. Second approach makes an equivalent mix of semi identifier and touchy property. We likewise assess our approach exactly concentrating on the data misfortune and execution time as essential measurements.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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privacy, k-anonymity, clustering, data mining, information loss, data utility Big Data, Privacy Preserving

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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During the past few years, the fields of computer vision and natural language processing has drawn more attention in the issue of automatically generating descriptive sentences for images, which is known as image captions.An image caption is a written description of an image that is widely used in programs that require information from images in a text format.Understanding the image's semantics and being able to construct descriptive sentences with the right structures are necessary to generate image captions. Rapid progress in AI (Artificial Intelligence) has led numerous researchers to focus on the area of image captioning. By utilising advanced deep- learning techniques, large datasets, and computer power, a model can be built to efficiently generate captions. The model is trained to generate captions that describe the input image. To achieve this objective, the Encoder - Decoder model utilises two advanced deep learning algorithms: CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) and Transformers. Initially, feature extraction is performed, followed by generation of captions. For this task, a pre-trained CNN model, EfficientNetB0 is employed.The Flickr_8k dataset, which contains 8000 images and five different captions for each image, is used to train the model.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Caption generator, Transformers, CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), EfficientNetB0, Encoder - Decoder.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Employee retention has emerged as a critical concern in the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) industry due to its direct impact on organizational stability, productivity, and profitability. This paper provides a comprehensive review of employee retention strategies within the BPO sector, aiming to identify key factors influencing retention and effective strategies for mitigating turnover. The study also focuses on employees' preferences about different variables of the work environment. The study was conducted through descriptive analysis at PharmDart Consulting (OPC) Pvt. Ltd. in Raipur with a sample size of 30 employees which includes administered to managers, executives, and various other employees belonging to various departments. The review highlights several factors contributing to high turnover rates in the BPO industry, including work stress, job satisfaction, organizational culture, career development opportunities, and compensation packages. Furthermore, it examines the unique challenges faced by BPO firms, such as intense competition, demanding client expectations, and the nature of repetitive tasks. Moreover, this paper identifies and evaluates various retention strategies BPO companies adopt to address these challenges. These strategies encompass a range of approaches, including the enhancement of workplace culture, implementation of flexible work arrangements, provision of skill development programs, improvement of compensation and benefits packages, and fostering a supportive work environment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Employee retention, BPO Industry, organizational stability, productivity, and profitability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition