Volume 13 | Issue 3 |

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Abstract The advent of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) is reshaping global financial systems, with India making significant strides through the introduction of the Digital Rupee. This paper explores India's journey toward developing and implementing a CBDC, highlighting its motivations, key features, pilot programs, and potential impacts. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) envisions the Digital Rupee as a means to enhance payment efficiency, promote financial inclusion, strengthen monetary policy, counter cryptocurrency adoption, and improve financial security. India's approach follows a phased implementation strategy, beginning with wholesale and retail CBDC pilots to assess feasibility and address technological and regulatory challenges. The Digital Rupee is expected to integrate with existing digital payment systems, leverage blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), and incorporate features like offline functionality for wider accessibility. The potential benefits of the Digital Rupee include reducing cash dependency, enhancing monetary policy execution, streamlining cross-border transactions, and fostering a more inclusive digital economy. However, its success hinges on overcoming challenges such as infrastructural gaps, regulatory complexities, public trust, and cybersecurity risks. As India navigates these challenges, its Digital Rupee initiative serves as a critical case study for other emerging economies exploring CBDCs. The future of India's digital currency landscape will depend on effective implementation, regulatory support, and user adoption, positioning the Digital Rupee as a transformative force in the nation's financial ecosystem. Keywords: Digital Rupee, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Blockchain Technology, Financial Inclusion

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Keywords: Digital Rupee, Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Blockchain Technology, Financial Inclusion

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This study examines the factors influencing venture capital-backed Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) in India, focusing on variables such as Face Value (FV), Listing Days (LD), Size, Subscribed Times (SubT), Volume (Vol), Value (Val), Age, and Issue Price (IP). A multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between these predictors and IPO performance (Under-pricing). The results reveal that Vol and Val are the most significant predictors, with p-values less than 0.01. Multicollinearity issues were identified, particularly between Vol, Val, and Trades, which may affect the stability of the regression model. The model explains about 50% of the variance in IPO performance, with moderate explanatory power. Tests for heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and normality suggest no severe issues, but the model's predictive power could be improved with further refinement. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of venture capital-backed IPOs and provides guidance for future research.

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Venture Capital, IPOs, Subscribed Times, Under-pricing

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Power grid systems are critical infrastructure, and their stability is vital for continuous power supply. Failures in the grid can lead to severe economic losses and safety hazards. This project focuses on an intelligent system for real-time detection of power grid failures based on key electrical parameters such as voltage, frequency, current, and temperature, integrated with GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) technology for immediate notification and response The system employs various sensors to continuously monitor the power grid's voltage, frequency, current, and transformer temperature. Microcontrollers process the sensor data, comparing it against predefined thresholds to detect anomalies or failures, such as over-voltage, under-voltage, frequency deviations, overloads, or overheating.

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Power Grid, Failure Detection, Voltage, Frequency, Current, Temperature, GSM Technology, Real-Time Monitoring, Fault Notification.

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Nira Arya-Swatantrata sangram ki gumnam nayaki

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Nira Arya-Swatantrata sangram ki gumnam nayaki

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Effects of climate change are well documented and growing for Earth's natural environment and human societies. Changes to the climate system include an overall warming trend, changes to precipitation patterns, and more extreme weather. As the climate changes it impacts the natural environment with effects such as more intense forest fires, thawing permafrost, and desertification. These changes impact ecosystems and societies, and can become irreversible once tipping points are crossed. Climate activists are engaged in a range of activities around the world that seek to ameliorate these issues or prevent them from happening

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greenhouse gas emissions ,natural environment,overall warming trend,

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Abstract Quick commerce (Q-commerce) has revolutionized urban shopping by offering rapid delivery services, typically within 10 to 20 minutes. This research paper explores the factors behind the rise of Q-commerce, the role of dark stores and distribution centers, and the impact of consumer data analytics in enhancing shopping experiences. Additionally, it examines the challenges posed to traditional retailers and regulatory concerns regarding anti-competitive practices. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the Indian Q-commerce market, its projected growth, and its implications for stakeholders.

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Keywords: Quick commerce, E-commerce, Dark stores, Consumer behavior, Retail competition, India

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This paper analyses the opinion of Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in cases involving partition of ancestral property, specifically, cases where women have raised question of share in ancestral property. The law prior to 2005 was that the women did not have share in ancestral property, however, the law was amended in 2005 and women were given equal share in ancestral property as that of males, i.e., daughters had right in ancestral property equal to that of sons. However, mere amendment in the law was not sufficient as various legal complications arose over implementation of the amendment, such as, meaning of 'on and from commencement' of the amendment Act. The issue had been brought before the Court in Prakash v. Phulavati case and seemed to have been settled, however, post that the issue arose before Court at various times and this paper analyses the opinions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India in such cases.

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gender justice, women, property rights, ancestral property, right to equality, hindu succession act 1956, hindu succession amendment act 2005,

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An explanation of Sustainable development is defined as development that meets present needs without endangering the ability of future generations to meet their own. It contains two key concepts: 1. The concept of "needs," namely the fundamental requirements of the world's impoverished, which ought to come first; 2. The premise that the environment's ability to meet present and future demands is limited by the state of social structure and technology. -- World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future (1987) Therefore, sustainable development seeks to strike a balance between social well-being, environmental preservation, and economic progress. The General Assembly started negotiating the post-2015 development agenda in January 2015. At the UN Sustainable Development Summit in September 2015, the process came to a close with the approval of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which is centered upon 17 SDGs. The approximate location of the Thirumalaya Palem Mandal lies between latitudes 17.36 and longitudes 79.93. Kusumanchi Tahasil in the south, Suryapeta in the west, Khammam in the east, and Mahabubabad in the north enclose the mandal. The district ranks sixth with a total area of 57713 square kilometers, or 5.83% of the state's total territory. The district is shaped like an uneven rectangle by three major protrusions in the north, east, and south. Thirumalayapalem is a town and mandal in the Khammam District.of Telangana. The total area of Thirumalayapalem Mandal is 244 km2, according to statistics from the 2011 census. Thirumalayapalem Mandal is home to 61,502 people in total. Thirumalayapalem Mandal has a population density of 251.7 persons per square kilometer. There are about 16,732 households in the mandal. Thirumalayapalem Mandal has a 49.73% literacy rate, with 57.81% of the male population and 41.65% of the female population being literate. The 25 Revenue villages in Thirumalayapalem Mandal, which consists of about 40 gram Panchayath. Thirumalaya palem mandal Progress on Sustainable development goals are SDG 1: No Poverty o Overall, the villages demonstrate varying levels of vulnerability. While health insurance coverage is generally high, there are disparities. MGNREGA implementation is largely successful, but some housing insecurity persists. SDG 2: Zero Hunger o The villages show strong progress in NFSA coverage, but nutritional challenges remain. Child malnutrition, maternal anemia, and low BMI in women are areas of concern, with significant variations across villages. SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation o The villages have achieved near-universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities, demonstrating significant progress in this area. SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy o The villages have achieved complete electrification and access to clean cooking fuels, indicating successful energy provision. SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth o Economic opportunities vary. While access to banking services is widespread, access to formal banking branches and secure non-agricultural employment is uneven. Women's financial inclusion also shows significant variation.

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United Nations, General Assembly, Sustainable development, World Commission on Environment and Development and our common future.

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Assuring the safety of all road users, including non-motorized vehicles, is important in the autonomous driving environment. Autonomous emergency braking (AEB) systems have provided an effective way for automated vehicles to avoid collisions with the less easily detectable non-motorized vehicles. Autonomous and intelligent vehicle systems play a crucial role in transportation by enhancing safety and efficiency. This project focuses on developing a smart vehicle control system that detects and responds to traffic signs using machine learning algorithms and ensures collision avoidance through an ultrasonic sensor. A camera module is integrated to identify traffic signs such as right turn and left turn, enabling the vehicle to take appropriate actions based on the detected sign This system can be applied to autonomous vehicles, driver assistance systems, and robotics to enhance decision-making and accident prevention.

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Automatic preventive braking, autonomous emergency braking, motorized-to-non-motorized-vehicle-conflict.

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Abstract Academic stress is a prevalent issue among young adults, particularly university students, due to rigorous coursework, competitive environments, and performance expectations. Chronic stress negatively affects mental health, cognitive performance, and overall well-being, often leading to anxiety, burnout, and decreased academic motivation. In recent years, music has gained recognition as a non-pharmacological intervention for stress reduction, offering both psychological and physiological benefits. This study explores the impact of music on reducing academic stress among young adults, focusing on different genres, tempos, and listening patterns. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, the study examines how music influences stress hormone levels, emotional regulation, and cognitive functions. Research suggests that listening to music can lower cortisol levels, increase dopamine production, and activate neural pathways associated with relaxation and concentration. Genres such as classical and lo-fi music have been found particularly effective in promoting calmness and enhancing focus, whereas high-tempo music may boost motivation but sometimes hinder relaxation. Additionally, personal music preferences play a critical role in determining the effectiveness of music as a stress management tool. Students who incorporate music into their study routines exhibit improved mood, reduced stress levels, and enhanced academic performance. The findings of this study highlight music as an accessible and effective tool for academic stress reduction. Universities and mental health professionals can leverage these insights to design music-based interventions for students experiencing high levels of academic stress. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of music therapy and develop personalized music strategies tailored to individual stress responses.

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Academic stress, music therapy, stress reduction, cognitive performance, mental health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition