Volume 14 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

The construction industry contributes significantly to global carbon emissions due to extensive cement production. The utilization of supplementary cementitious materials has gained attention as a sustainable alternative to reduce cement consumption. This study investigates the performance of natural zeolite powder as a partial replacement of cement in M25 grade concrete. Concrete mixes were prepared by replacing cement with natural zeolite powder at proportions of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength were evaluated at 7 and 28 days of curing. Experimental results revealed that early-age strength slightly decreases with increasing zeolite content due to slower pozzolanic reaction. However, the 28-day strength significantly improved at 15% replacement because of the pozzolanic activity and micro-filling effect of zeolite particles. Beyond 15% replacement, strength reduction was observed due to dilution of cementitious materials. The study concludes that natural zeolite can effectively replace cement up to 15% in M25 concrete without compromising structural performance. The incorporation of zeolite also contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing cement consumption and CO? emissions.

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 Keywords

Natural Zeolite, Supplementary Cementitious Material, M25 Concrete, Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, split tensile Strength, Sustainable Concrete, Pozzolanic Reaction.

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Cyberspace has become a critical domain influencing national security, economic stability, and global geopolitics. This review explores the strategic, operational, and technological aspects of cyberspace operations, focusing on cyber warfare, cyber defense strategies, cyber espionage, and emerging threats. It examines key concepts such as the three-layer structure of cyberspace, nation-state cyber strategies, and real-world cyberattacks like Stuxnet and SolarWinds. Additionally, the role of AI, machine learning, and quantum computing in both cyber offense and defense is analyzed. The paper also addresses cybersecurity challenges in critical infrastructure, disinformation campaigns, and social engineering tactics used to manipulate public perception. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the study underscores the importance of adaptive defense strategies, international cooperation, and technological advancements to ensure a secure and resilient cyberspace.

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Cyberspace operations, cyber warfare, cyber defense, cyber espionage, critical infrastructure security, artificial intelligence, machine learning, quantum computing, cyber threats, disinformation, social engineering, intrusion detection systems, Zero Trust Architecture, national security.

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Abstract: The issue of gender inequality in the rural labour market is still shaping the form of agricultural labour in most parts of India. Women form an essential part of the labour force in the agricultural industry and engage in almost all the stages of crop production. They have their work usually focused in activities, which include nursery preparation, paddy transplanting, weeding, harvesting, threshing and other post harvesting labour which requires patience, skill and long working hours. Mostly in many villages, these activities are highly dependent on the labour of women making them impeccable to the operation of rural agricultural economy. However, their contribution is often not well-rewarded with respect to jobs and with wages. Unequal payment of wages daily to the men and women working in agriculture sectors continue even with the similarity in the amount of effort and time spent in the farm. It is a paper that will discuss the trend on gender-based wage differentials in agriculture in Sultanpur district which is an area where the major proportion of the rural population depends on farming as their primary source of income. The study is directed at the character of an agrarian employment, the way the labour is arranged during various agrarian activities as well as the processes of the wage rates establishment within the local labour market. Specific emphasis is placed on the impact of social practices, professional roles as well as the financial situation on the wages that are paid to male and female labourers. Results show that changes in wages are closely connected with the gender norms and the division of labour, which prevailed in the rural society. Women are often put in labour intensive industries that are said to be routine or unskilled as opposed to those who are related to the use of machinery or preparing fields, which are more often taken by men and tend to attract more wages.

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 Keywords

Keywords: gender wage gap, agricultural labour, rural labour market, women workers, and wage inequality, Sultanpur district

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Abstract Gender refers to the range of roles, behaviours, identities, and social expectations linked to being male, female, both, neither, or positioned anywhere along a broad spectrum. Contemporary discussions on gender emphasize its diversity and fluid nature. The lived experiences of transgender individuals, in particular, challenge rigid and traditional understandings of gender and highlight the importance of recognizing and respecting each person's self-defined identity. Ensuring educational rights for transgender persons is essential for providing them with fair opportunities to learn, grow, and participate confidently in environments. In India, awareness and acknowledgment of these rights have increased over time, yet the extent of their implementation differs across regions and institutions. Historically, transgender communities have faced exclusion and marginalization, which have created serious barriers to quality education, including social stigma, discriminatory practices, and inadequate institutional support systems. Recent legal developments and policy initiatives have sought to address these concerns and advance inclusivity. The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, along with related guidelines, calls for equal access to education and explicitly prohibits discrimination within educational institutions. However, despite these progressive measures, practical implementation remains uneven, and many transgender students continue to face significant challenges. This study explores the present status of educational rights for transgender individuals in India by examining the relevant legal provisions, policy interventions, and persisting issues. It emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive reforms, consistent enforcement, and proactive institutional strategies to ensure equitable educational access and to cultivate a safe, inclusive, and affirming learning environment for transgender students.

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 Keywords

Gender, Transgender, Educational right, Equal Opportunities.

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 Abstract

Tarkasangraha Granther Kathamo : Ekti Sankshipto Alochona

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Tarkasangraha Granther Kathamo : Ekti Sankshipto Alochona

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The The rapid growth of medical imaging technologies has significantly increased the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for disease diagnosis. However, traditional manual interpretation of MRI scans is time-consuming, highly dependent on expert knowledge, and prone to human error, especially when handling large volumes of medical data. Radiologists often experience workload pressure, fatigue, and diagnostic inconsistencies, which may affect clinical accuracy. The system integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Vision Transformer (ViT) models to automatically analyze MRI images and classify them as normal or abnormal with confidence scores. The platform provides a secure web-based interface for uploading MRI scans, performing automated AI-driven analysis, and visualizing prediction results in real time. By combining intelligent preprocessing, deep learning inference, and structured result visualization, the system assists radiologists in reducing workload and improving diagnostic consistency.

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Deep Learning, Brain MRI Analysis, Brain Tumor Detection, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Medical Image Processing, ONNX Runtime, MERN Stack, AI-Based Diagnosis

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ABSTRACT Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The increasing prevalence of CAD is largely associated with lifestyle-related risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and physical inactivity. In many communities, inadequate awareness regarding CAD risk factors contributes to delayed prevention and management. Educational interventions can play a significant role in improving knowledge and perception regarding CAD among adults. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an instructional module on coronary artery disease risk factors in improving knowledge and perception among adults in selected villages. Methods: A quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test control group design was adopted. The study was conducted among 60 adults residing in selected villages, with 30 participants in the experimental group and 30 participants in the control group. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to assess knowledge and perception regarding coronary artery disease risk factors. The experimental group received an instructional module on CAD risk factors, while the control group did not receive the intervention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics including paired t-test, independent t-test, correlation, and chi-square test. Results: The findings revealed a significant improvement in knowledge and perception among adults in the experimental group after the implementation of the instructional module. The mean knowledge score increased from 6.63 (33.15%) in the pre-test to 17.40 (87%) in the post-test, with a mean difference of 10.77. The paired t-test showed statistically significant improvement in knowledge and perception scores in the experimental group (p < 0.001). A positive correlation between knowledge and perception was observed in the experimental group (r = 0.6). No significant association was found between knowledge scores and selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that the instructional module was effective in improving knowledge and perception regarding coronary artery disease risk factors among adults. Educational interventions can therefore be considered an important strategy for promoting awareness and preventing coronary artery disease at the community level.

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 Keywords

Coronary artery disease, Instructional module, Knowledge, Perception, Adults, Health education.

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The study assesses the quality of doctoral theses in commerce and management across the university structure, i.e., public, private, deemed, central, and of national importance, based on 141-degree recipients from 55 institutions starting in 2014. A self-structured questionnaire comprising specific demographic contexts, doctoral framework/experience, supervisor credibility, advantages/strengths, and challenges/limitations influencing thesis quality and research outcomes has been introduced. The analysis indicated that there were no notable differences in how scholars viewed the quality of theses across various departments or type of institutions. It also showed that both institutional and disciplinary factors have a minimal impact, while the dynamics of supervisory relationships stand out as a significant factor influencing scholars' experiences with their theses and their perceived quality. The researcher found that perceptions of thesis quality, whether high or low, do not significantly predict a scholar's likelihood of publishing research papers. This study emphasises that even a thesis deemed high-quality does not automatically result in research publications, underscoring the necessity for targeted training in academic publishing.

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Thesis quality, university type, commerce and management discipline, doctoral framework, doctoral experience, and research outcome

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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1. Introduction: In Ayurveda, Artava encompasses both the internal follicle (Antah-pushpa) and external menstrual blood (Bahir-pushpa). The Artava Chakra (menstrual cycle) serves as a vital indicator of female reproductive health and the functional integrity of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis. Artava Kshaya, characterized by delayed cycles (Yathochita Kaala Adarshanam) and scanty flow (Alpa Pravrutti), is the ancient precursor to modern Oligomenorrhea and Hypomenorrhea. 2. Aims and Objectives: This paper aims to elucidate the physiological phases of the menstrual cycle in relation to the Tridoshas and provide a phase-specific management protocol to rectify Artavadusti (specifically Artava Kshaya) and optimize fertility (Garbhasambhava Samagri). 3. Materials and Methods: Information was synthesized from classical Ayurvedic texts (Sushruta Samhita, Charaka Samhita, Bhavaprakasha), contemporary medical literature, and research journals to correlate ancient wisdom with modern endocrinology. 4.Review of Literature: The Rutuchakra consists of three phases: o Rajasravakala (Menstrual): Driven by Apana Vayu, focusing on Srotovishodhana (cleansing). o Ritukala (Proliferative): A 12-day period of Kapha dominance where the Yoni remains open for Bija (sperm) reception, correlating with follicular growth. o Rutuvyatita Kala (Secretory): A Pitta-dominant phase where the Yoni constricts, preparing the endometrium for implantation. 5.Discussion: Menstrual health depends on Dosh Samya (homeostasis). Artava Kshaya arises from a Vata-Pitta imbalance, often where Vata/Kapha obstruct the channels. Clinical management involves a "Phase-Alignment" protocol: warm/light foods for Vata (Phase 1), nutritive/bulking foods for Kapha (Phase 2), and cooling/calming measures for Pitta (Phase 3). Disruption of this biological clock leads to "Phase-Mismatch" disorders. 6.Conclusion: Modern lifestyle stressors and dietary imbalances trigger Vikruti (abnormality) in the Artava Chakra. By treating the menstrual cycle as a chronobiological system and aligning lifestyle with the dominant Dosha of each phase, we can effectively manage infertility (Vandhyatva) and restore reproductive harmony.

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Dosha-Gati, Srotovishodhana, Hormonal Synergy

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The increasing complexity of modern software development demands efficient and reliable methods for ensuring code quality. Traditional manual code reviews, while valuable, are often time-consuming, errorprone, and unable to keep pace with rapid development cycles. Existing automated tools provide static rule-based analysis but lack adaptability, context-awareness, and real-time feedback. To address these challenges, this project proposes CODE SAGE AI, an intelligent code review platform that leverages artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) to provide automated, context-sensitive, and real-time feedback on source code

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AI,ML,CODE REVIEW,WEB APP

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition