Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently encountered infections during pregnancy and poses serious risks to both mother and fetus if left untreated. Early identification of risk factors is essential for prevention and effective management. Objectives: 1. To assess the incidence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected rural hospitals of Indore district, Madhya Pradesh. 2. To identify the associated factors of urinary tract infection among pregnant women. 3. To determine the association between urinary tract infection and selected socio-demographic variables of pregnant women. 4. To determine the association between urinary tract infection and selected obstetric variables of pregnant women. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive study was conducted among 120 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in selected rural hospitals of Indore district, Madhya Pradesh Participants were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory urine examination reports. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The incidence of urinary tract infection was found to be 26.7%. Major associated factors included poor perineal hygiene (61%), inadequate water intake (55%), anemia (46%), previous UTI history (40%), and multiparity (34%). Significant association was observed between UTI and gestational age, hemoglobin level, and hygiene practices (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Urinary tract infection remains a common health problem among pregnant women. Strengthening antenatal screening and educating women about preventive measures can significantly reduce maternal and fetal complications.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Pregnancy, Antenatal women, Risk factors, Rural health

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most common medical complications during pregnancy and is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes if left untreated. Physiological and anatomical changes during pregnancy increase the susceptibility of antenatal women to UTIs. Objectives: 1. To assess the prevalence of urinary tract infection among antenatal women attending selected hospitals of Indore district, Madhya Pradesh. 2. To identify the risk factors associated with urinary tract infection among antenatal women. 3. To determine the association between urinary tract infection and selected socio-demographic variables of antenatal women. 4. To determine the association between urinary tract infection and selected obstetric variables of antenatal women. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 antenatal women attending selected hospitals of Indore district, Madhya Pradesh. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire to assess socio-demographic variables and risk factors, along with urine routine examination and culture reports. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The prevalence of UTI among antenatal women was found to be 28%. Common risk factors identified were poor perineal hygiene (64%), inadequate fluid intake (58%), previous history of UTI (42%), multiparity (36%), anemia (48%), and sexual activity during pregnancy without adequate hygiene (31%). A significant association was found between UTI and gestational age, parity, personal hygiene practices, and anemia status (p < 0.05). Conclusion: UTI is prevalent among antenatal women and is strongly associated with modifiable risk factors. Early screening, health education, and promotion of hygienic practices can significantly reduce the burden of UTI during pregnancy.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Urinary tract infection, Antenatal women, Prevalence, Risk factors, Pregnancy

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

India's national scholarship ecosystem is difficult to navigate due to scattered information sources, unclear eligibility rules, and limited personalized support making discovery and application slow, confusing, and error-prone. This work presents the National Career Scholarship Portal, a centralized, AI-enabled web platform designed to simplify scholarship search and improve end-to-end application assistance for students and working professionals. The portal is built with a secure and scalable backend using Python (Django) and a responsive frontend using Vue.js to ensure an intuitive user experience across devices. A key feature is an AI-powered chatbot that applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) to answer user queries instantly, recommend scholarships based on user profiles, and provide step-by-step guidance for meeting eligibility and documentation requirements. By combining consolidated scholarship datasets, intelligent filtering, and real-time conversational support, the platform enhances accessibility, transparency, and efficiency in scholarship discovery and application workflows. The proposed system demonstrates how modern web engineering and AI can reduce friction in public-service information access and help users secure financial aid opportunities more effectively.

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Scholarship Portal, AI Chatbot, Natural Language Processing, Django, Python, Vue.js, Personalized Recommendation, Application Assistance, Student Suppor

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper examines the direct and indirect influence of the Upani?ads on the philosophical outlook and poetic imagination of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Although Coleridge did not read Sanskrit texts in the original language, he lived in an intellectual climate where Indian philosophical ideas were increasingly available through translations, Orientalist scholarship, and comparative philosophy. The study argues that Coleridge's ideas of imagination, unity of existence, nature as a living presence, and inner knowledge reveal strong conceptual affinities with key Upani?adic doctrines such as the identity of Atman and Brahman, the primacy of inward realization, and the vision of an all-pervading spiritual reality. Through close readings of The Eolian Harp, Frost at Midnight, This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison, and Kubla Khan, this paper demonstrates that Coleridge's poetry reflects a worldview strikingly aligned with Upani?adic metaphysics. Written in accessible language, the paper aims to introduce undergraduate students to cross-cultural philosophical influence within English Romantic poetry.

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Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Upanishads, Romanticism, Indian Philosophy, Imagination, Unity, Consciousness

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This paper aims to develop an eco-friendly, high-performance lubricant by enhancing vegetable oil (cottonseed oil) with nanoparticle additives like ZDDP, MoS?, and hBN. Vegetable oils are biodegradable and non-toxic but have limitations such as poor thermal and oxidation stability.To overcome these issues, nanoparticles are added to improve anti-wear, anti-friction, and load-carrying properties. The nano-lubricants are prepared through proper dispersion techniques and tested for key properties like viscosity, flash point, fire point, density, and pour point. The results are expected to show reduced friction and wear, improved thermal stability, and better overall performance due to the formation of a protective tribo-film. This study highlights a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional mineral-based lubricants for industrial and automotive applications.

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viscosity, flash point, fire point, density, and pour point

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Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process that involves inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. Herbal formulations have gained increasing importance due to their therapeutic potential, safety, and reduced side effects. The present study focuses on the formulation, phytochemical analysis, and evaluation of a polyherbal cream incorporating extracts of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) and Tinospora cordifolia (Gudvel/Giloy), both well known for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

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 Keywords

Tinospora Cordifolia, Pharmacological Activity, Active components, Nutritional Potential, Anti-inflammatory, Medicinal plant, Gulvel, Tulsi, Anti-oxidant.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the twenty-first century, social media and internet technology have become important tools in shaping social, cultural and religious life. This study examines the impact of social media and internet use on Muslim women with special reference to socio-cultural and religious aspects. A field survey was conducted in Domdoma Gram Panchayat under Suri-II Block of Birbhum district, West Bengal. A total of 100 Muslim women aged 15-45 years were selected using random and purposive sampling methods. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using simple percentage method. The findings of the study show that a large number of respondents use smartphones, internet and social media. The use of digital technology has increased social awareness, improved family communication and enhanced interest in education. It has also contributed to the growth of religious knowledge through online lectures and digital platforms. However, the study also identifies challenges such as digital divide, limited participation in online education, cultural concerns and risks related to online safety. The study concludes that social media and internet technology play a significant role in transforming the socio-cultural and religious life of Muslim women in rural areas. While technology offers new opportunities for empowerment and learning, its effective use depends on digital literacy, social acceptance and responsible usage. The study highlights the need for inclusive policies to ensure safe and meaningful digital participation of Muslim women.

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Social media, Internet, Muslim women, Birbhum, socio-cultural change, religious life

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The growing usage of social media has raised some concerns about its potential impact on attention span and cognitive functioning among individuals who use social media for extended periods of time. The studies in the past suggest that there is a significant impact on attention span that is reduced attention capacity has been noticed when there is frequent digital engagement and multitasking. Studies and literature that is already existing has highlighted both positive and negative effects of social media such as global connectivity and increased distractibility has shown the need for standardized investigation. Quantitative and cross sectional, correlational methods have been used in this study to examine the relationship between social media usage, attention span and cognitive control. Around 63 samples were collected from adults aged 20-40 years via online and social media. The data was collected through personalised questionnaires about usage of social media and included standardised questionnaires such as including the Social Media Usage Scale (SMUS), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). The findings indicated that higher levels of social media usage were significantly associated with lower mindfulness (attention) and increased cognitive failures, indicating reduced cognitive control.

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Social media usage, attention span, cognitive control, mindfulness, cognitive failures.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Workplace stress represents a significant psychological challenge for the modern corporate workforce, often manifesting as both emotional dysregulation and physical somatic complaints. This research investigates the efficacy of a 21-day expressive journaling intervention in improving emotion regulation and reducing somatic symptom severity among stressed corporate employees. Utilizing a quantitative pre-post research design, a matched sample of 15 professionals was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Somatic Symptom Scale (SSS-8). Statistical analysis revealed a significant improvement in emotion regulation strategies following the intervention, , and a marked reduction in somatic symptom severity, . Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was observed between psychological growth and physical recovery, , suggesting that enhanced emotional processing is closely linked to physiological relief. While mediation analysis demonstrated a robust total effect of the intervention on health outcomes, the direct impact of journaling on physical symptoms remained the primary driver of change. These findings suggest that expressive journaling serves as a viable, low-cost, self-administered tool for mitigating the psychological and physiological impacts of occupational stress.

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Expressive journaling, emotion regulation, somatic symptoms, workplace stress, corporate well-being.

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Antibiotic resistance is reducing the effectiveness of synthetic antibiotics, which makes it important to explore natural antibacterial agents. The Moringa plant (Moringa oleifera Lam.) has shown antibacterial properties that can inhibit and kill pathogenic bacteria, including Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) strains. This review article aims to gather and present data related to the antibacterial activity of Moringa as a possible solution to antibiotic resistance. This research covers the phytochemistry, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, extraction methods, formulation strategies, and evaluation parameters of antimicrobial creams made from M. oleifera. Special focus is given to topical cream formulation, physicochemical properties, stability testing, and antimicrobial evaluation techniques. The potential use of Moringa-based creams in treating wound infections is also discussed. Although current findings suggest that antimicrobial creams prepared using M. oleifera extracts could be a promising, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic topical antibiotics, there is still a need for well-structured clinical trials and standardized formulation methods for successful pharmaceutical application.

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 Keywords

Moringa oleifera, antimicrobial cream, herbal formulation, phytochemicals, wound infection, antimicrobial resistance, evaluation and mechanism of action of herbal phytochemicals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition