Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Autophagy, a cellular self-degradation process, plays a complex role in various biological processes, including drug resistance. Autophagy can both promote and inhibit cell death, depending on the cellular context and the type of stress. Autophagy can Promote Drug Resistance, Inhibit Drug Resistance, Combining autophagy inhibitors with conventional chemotherapy or targeted therapies may enhance their efficacy by preventing autophagy-mediated drug resistance. Arabidopsis thaliana, a small flowering plant, has emerged as a powerful model organism in plant biology. Its rapid life cycle, small genome size, and ease of cultivation have made it an invaluable tool for understanding fundamental biological processes. Arabidopsis completes its life cycle in just six to eight weeks, allowing for rapid generation times and efficient genetic studies. Chloroquine is known to inhibit autophagy, a cellular process involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components. Methanolic extraction is a widely used technique in natural product research to extract bioactive compounds from plant and animal sources. Its versatility, efficiency, and relative safety have contributed to its widespread use in various industries. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a versatile analytical technique widely used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. Arabidopsis thaliana might absorb chloroquine from the methanolic extract. In Arabidopsis, chloroquine treatment has been shown to disrupt autophagy, leading to the accumulation of cellular debris. HPLC analysis could then be used to quantify the amount of chloroquine present in the plant tissue.

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 Keywords

Autophagy, Drug Resistance, Methanolic Extract, HPLC, Arabidopsis thaliana

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a framework for autonomous waypoint-based navigation of a four-wheeled mobile robot operating in GPS-denied indoor environments. The system integrates encoder-based odometry with visual landmark recognition to achieve reliable localization and navigation in structured indoor spaces. The robot platform uses DC geared motors with encoder feedback and an onboard camera, while computation and control are implemented on a Raspberry Pi running ROS 2. Sensor fusion is performed using an Extended Kalman Filter to combine odometry and visual observations for improved pose estimation. Navigation is organized through global waypoint planning using Dijkstra's algorithm and local obstacle avoidance based on the Dynamic Window Approach. The system is validated through simulation in Gazebo Classic and CoppeliaSim, demonstrating consistent waypoint tracking and reliable operation in indoor navigation scenarios.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Autonomous Navigation, Mobile Robotics, Waypoint Planning, Visual Landmark Recognition, Odometry, Indoor Navigation, Sensor Fusion, Extended Kalman Filter, Path Planning, Dynamic Window Approach, Dijkstra Algorithm, ROS 2, Simulation Validation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing elderly population requires intelligent monitoring systems to ensure safety, independence, and proper health management. Falls and missed medication schedules are common issues faced by elderly individuals living alone, often leading to serious health risks. Traditional wearable monitoring devices are frequently ineffective due to discomfort, forgetfulness, or inconsistent usage.This project proposes an AI-driven real-time fall detection and medication reminder system that integrates computer vision and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The system uses the YOLO (You Only Look Once) deep learning algorithm to analyze live webcam video and detect human posture, enabling accurate identification of fall events. When a fall is detected, an alert is transmitted wirelessly via Wi-Fi to a NodeMCU (ESP8266) microcontroller, which activates a vibration motor to provide immediate tactile notification.Additionally, the system includes a voice-based medication reminder using Text-to-Speech (TTS) technology to deliver scheduled audio prompts. By combining deep learning, IoT communication, and assistive technologies, the proposed system offers a cost-effective, non-intrusive, and reliable solution for elderly safety and healthcare monitoring.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Fall Detection, YOLO Algorithm, Internet of Things (IoT), Elderly Monitoring, NodeMCU ESP8266, Text-to-Speech

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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 Keywords

Homeopathy, positive mental health, WEMWBS, mixed-methods research, well-being, alternative medicine, Bengaluru

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The AI-Based Smart Attendance System using Face Recognition is an advanced solution designed to automate and enhance traditional attendance management in educational institutions. Conventional methods of attendance marking are time-consuming, error-prone, and susceptible to proxy attendance. This project addresses these challenges by integrating Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision techniques to provide a secure, efficient, and contactless attendance system. The proposed system utilizes face detection and recognition algorithms implemented using OpenCV and machine learning libraries to identify students in real time through a camera interface. Each student's facial features are captured, encoded, and stored in a database during registration. During attendance sessions, the system automatically detects faces, matches them with stored data, and marks attendance instantly without human intervention. The system is further integrated with a cloud-based database such as Firebase/MySQL to ensure secure storage, real-time synchronization, and easy accessibility of attendance records. An admin dashboard is provided to manage student data, monitor attendance, and generate detailed reports. Additional features such as mask detection, anti-spoofing mechanisms, and notification systems enhance the reliability and robustness of the system. This project not only reduces manual effort and improves accuracy but also introduces a scalable and intelligent solution suitable for modern smart classrooms. The system demonstrates the practical application of AI in education and provides a foundation for future enhancements such as behavior analysis and automated exam monitoring.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Smart Attendance, System,Face Recognition, Computer Vision ,OpenCV, Machine Learning

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This research paper studies the female patronage not merely a passive act of devotion but a powerful expression of agency. It challenges the traditional male-centric narrative of Buddhist history by highlighting the indispensable economic, social and spiritual contribution of female donors. Female donors have played a crucial role in development of Buddhism, particularly in Ancient India. Their patronage was beyond simple donations; it was an expression of patroness and means to gain a social standing, spiritual merit, and influence in Buddhism. Inscription and archaeological evidences from sites like Sanchi, Bharhut and Mathura reveals that there were large number of female patrons including both laywomen and nuns who were frequent and significant contributors to the construction and maintenance of stupas. The literature like Therigatha also provides information about contribution of the females in Buddhism. This paper explores how female donors were not limited to the elite or royal class but includes females from diverse social, economic backgrounds like merchant, artisans, courtesans etc. This article explains that through patronage female donor transcended domestic limitation to become active participants in the public and religious spheres. It investigates the motivation behind donations- seeking spiritual liberation for themselves and families, gaining social legitimacy or asserting independence. This research will provide details of complex dynamic between the misogynistic attitudes found in some Buddhist scriptures and the Epigraphical evidences of female empowered donors. This study will offer a more nuanced understanding of gender, power, and religious practice within the diverse landscape of Buddhist history.

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 Keywords

Female Donor, Patronage, Buddhism, Gender Identity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials and the growing environmental concerns due to industrial and agricultural waste have led to the exploration of alternative building materials. This study focuses on the experimental investigation of manufacturing bricks using waste materials such as fly ash, plastic waste, rice husk ash, and construction debris. The primary objective is to develop eco-friendly and cost-effective bricks while reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal.

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 Keywords

Waste Materials, Eco-Friendly Bricks, Sustainable Construction, Fly Ash, Plastic Waste, Compressive Strength, Water Absorption, Recycling, Green Building Materials, Environmental Sustainability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition where the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar (glucose) due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance, Symptoms include extreme thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurry vision. It is managed with medication, diet, and lifestyle changes to prevent complications like heart disease.

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"Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Tea Bag for the management of Diabetes Mellitus"

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Road accidents are a major cause of injuries and fatalities worldwide, especially in developing countries. Delayed medical assistance is one of the primary reasons for increased mortality. The proposed system "Safe Connect - On Road Saver" is designed to provide immediate accident detection, alert generation, and real-time communication with emergency services. It integrates sensors, GPS tracking, and communication modules to ensure faster response time and improved safety. The system aims to reduce human intervention and enhance the efficiency of emergency management on roads .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Road Safety, Accident Detection, GPS Tracking, Emergency Alert System, IoT, Smart Transportation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition