Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The nature of the paper is theoretical in nature and based on secondary data, the finding of paper shows that in Jammu & Kashmir agriculture is still narrow, backward and less The results of this study are useful for growing crops not only in technical parts, but also in physical part, it was evaluated by questionnaire using technology acceptance model. Using of sensors and actuators in the greenhouse to capture different values allows for the control of the equipment, it can also be optimized for growth at optimal temperature and humidity of various crops planted.

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 Keywords

Abstract, Introduction, conclusion, reference

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Blockages in gravity-fed coal hoppers due to arching and ratholing cause significant downtime and safety hazards in mining operations. This paper presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective, automated vibratory discharge system to solve this problem at a Western Coalfields Limited (WCL) site in Chandrapur, India. The system is centred on a single vibratory motor, sized using a first-principles force calculation that determined a required centrifugal force of 7.8-8.0 kN to overcome coal cohesion and wall friction. The motor is controlled by an ESP32 microcontroller via a solid-state relay circuit, enabling safe and programmable operation. Implementation results demonstrate that the system successfully transformed discharge from intermittent and manual to continuous and automated, eliminating prolonged blockages and the need for hazardous manual intervention. Post-implementation, blockages were eliminated and manual rodding interventions were reduced from approximately to zero. The study concludes that a well-calculated, single-motor vibratory system with embedded control is a transformative and practical retrofit for enhancing the reliability and safety of industrial bulk material handling.

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 Keywords

Coal Hopper ,ESP32,Solid-State Relay ,Granular Flow Unjamming , Industril Safety.

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Karnataka tourism has a rich culture and diversity. However, travelers often face challenges. These include limited access to reliable information, difficulties in planning itineraries, language barriers, unreliable transport schedules, and a lack of real-time guidance, particularly for those who do not speak Kannada. YaatreMitra is an AI-Driven Smart Travel Companion for Karnataka that addresses these issues. It uses an adaptive AI platform to create personalized itineraries based on user preferences such as budget, duration, and interests. It also provides live updates on weather, traffic, and transport, along with dynamic suggestions for routes and plans. Additionally, it gives location-based recommendations for nearby attractions and verified options for hotels and restaurants. The platform includes a text and voice translation tool for Kannada, enabling better communication and improving overall travel convenience, accessibility, and user experience throughout Karnataka.

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 Keywords

AI-driven travel companion, Smart travel system, Adaptive AI platform, Dynamic route suggestions, Location- based recommendations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Amish Tripathi's Shiva Trilogy--consisting of The Immortals of Meluha (2010) The Secret of the Nagas (2011) and The Oath of the Vayuputras (2013)--depicts Lord Shiva not just as a deified figure but as an actual human being who progressed from being the chief of a Tibetan tribe through his journey from being Neelkanth and ultimately becoming a person who exemplifies leadership. Though the trilogy does not serve as an historically accurate retelling of how Lord Shiva became Neelkanth, it does contain numerous practical lessons regarding the art of ethical decision-making, duty (as expressed through karma), humility, justice, and human agency. Through a close analysis of key figures of the trilogy (Shiva, Sati, Parvateshwar) and the dilemmas they faced (Somras, the Naga), this article identifies seven common traits exhibited by the leading characters. This is compared and contrasted with the philosophy contained in the Bhagavad Gita (a sacred text of Hinduism) and contemporary leadership models. The analysis of the transformational journey of Shiva provides evidence that true leaders gain their leadership by virtue of their actions alone and not merely through their birthright. Therefore, the lessons learned from the Shiva Trilogy are particularly useful for young readers who will be facing the challenges of navigating ethical dilemmas in the 21st Century. Based upon the message contained in the Shiva Trilogy, it is concluded that ancient Indian wisdom, skillfully packaged in an enjoyable format, provides a body of knowledge that can be readily applied by future generations in leading by example.

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 Keywords

Youth reader, Leadership, Mythology, Fiction, Protagonist, Novel, Ethical dilemmas.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in driving economic growth and creating jobs in India, but gender-based disparities still influence entrepreneurial success. This research investigates the differences between male and female entrepreneurs in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, with a focus on access to financing, institutional assistance, digital technology use, and overall business performance. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study analyses primary data from 22 MSME owners using descriptive and inferential statistics, complemented by GIS-based spatial analysis. Results indicate that women entrepreneurs encounter more significant barriers than men in obtaining formal credit, government support, and digital resources, which contributes to slower business expansion. The study also identifies notable differences between rural and urban areas, with urban regions demonstrating stronger MSME development, while rural areas lag behind. These geographic imbalances have a more pronounced impact on women-led enterprises. The findings underscore the importance of tailored policies that consider both gender and regional context to enhance financial access, improve digital skills, and support equitable growth of MSMEs.

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 Keywords

MSMEs, Gender Disparity, Women Entrepreneurs, Financial Inclusion, Spatial Inequality

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SmartMediBook is a web-based healthcare appointment booking system designed to digitize and streamline medical scheduling. Traditional methods relying on manual booking often result in delays, inefficiencies, and poor patient experience. The proposed system provides a centralized and user-friendly platform for efficient appointment management. It allows users to register, log in, check doctor availability, and book appointments in real time. The system maintains structured records of patients, doctors, and appointments, ensuring better data organization.Developed using the MERN stack (React.js, Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB), the application follows the MVC architecture for scalability and maintainability. A key feature is an AI-based chatbot that assists users in booking appointments and accessing services seamlessly. The system design is supported by ER diagrams, UML diagrams, and sequence diagrams for clear representation. APIs are tested using Postman, and deployment is done using MongoDB Atlas and Render.The system improves efficiency, reduces waiting time, and enhances accessibility, offering a reliable solution for modern digital healthcare services.

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Healthcare System, Appointment Booking, MERN Stack, AI Chatbot, Web Application, Digital Healthcare

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 Abstract

Steganographic methods conceal confidential information within seemingly innocuous media like music files without alerting potential interceptors. This suggested framework employs the Data Encryption Standard's cryptography method to secure information prior to incorporating it within an outer shell for enhanced protection measures. The least significant bit (LSB) coding technique is employed for converting digital information into audible signals through audio sample manipulation. A comprehensive framework ensures an inherently protected communication channel; this security comes about due to both steganographic techniques for concealing messages within non-obvious data structures and cryptographic methods used in conjunction with these hidden elements to safeguard information transmission over open networks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Steganography, Cryptographic, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Least Significant Bit (LSB), Cover File.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a widely utilized analytical technique for the separation, identification, and quantification of compounds across pharmaceutical, environmental, and biochemical domains. Among the various factors influencing chromatographic performance, mobile phase selection plays a critical role in determining retention behavior, resolution, selectivity, and peak shape. This review focuses on the fundamental principles governing mobile phase selection, including polarity, pH, buffer systems, organic modifiers, and additives. Different chromatographic modes such as normal phase, reverse phase, ion-exchange, and ion-pair chromatography are discussed in relation to mobile phase characteristics. The article also highlights the impact of mobile phase composition on chromatographic outcomes and outlines key optimization strategies including isocratic and gradient elution, as well as modern approaches like Design of Experiments and AI-assisted method development. Practical aspects such as mobile phase preparation, filtration, and degassing are also addressed. Recent advances including ionic liquids, green chromatography, and UHPLC techniques are reviewed along with current challenges in method development. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of strategic mobile phase selection for achieving efficient and reproducible HPLC analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

HPLC, Mobile phase selection, Chromatographic optimization, Gradient elution, Buffer systems, Pharmaceutical analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly autonomous, concerns regarding transparency, fairness, and accountability have gained significant attention. Human-in-the-Loop Artificial Intelligence introduces a collaborative framework in which human expertise is integrated into the lifecycle of intelligent systems. Rather than replacing human judgment, this approach combines computational efficiency with contextual reasoning and ethical oversight. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Human-in-the-Loop AI, including its theoretical foundation, architectural design, operational workflow, real-world applications, advantages, and associated challenges. The study highlights how structured human involvement enhances reliability, reduces bias, and improves decision accountability in critical domains such as healthcare, finance, governance, and autonomous systems. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of hybrid intelligence models for responsible and sustainable AI deployment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Human-in-the-Loop AI, Responsible Artificial Intelligence, Hybrid Intelligence Systems, Ethical AI, Decision Support Systems

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 Abstract

This paper explores the emergence of agentic artificial intelligence and sovereign AI models in transforming India's MSME ecosystem. It analyzes the transition from traditional AI systems to decentralized, cost-effective architectures such as small language models and multi-agent systems. The study examines real-world applications including supply chain optimization, financial inclusion, regulatory compliance, and sustainability. Furthermore, it highlights the role of digital public infrastructure such as ONDC and Bhashini in democratizing access to AI. The research concludes that agentic and sovereign AI frameworks can significantly enhance productivity, reduce operational costs, and enable inclusive economic growth for MSMEs in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Agentic AI; MSMEs; Sovereign AI; Small Language Models; Digital Public Infrastructure; India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition