Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Twisted wire jewellery represents a unique intersection of cultural heritage and mathematical reasoning. Across civilizations, ornaments have embodied geometric principles such as symmetry, proportion, torsion, and periodicity, revealing how aesthetic beauty is deeply tied to mathematical logic. Building on earlier computational design frameworks , this study develops a unified methodology for modeling and classifying twisted wire motifs through parametric equations and shape grammar transformations. A structured taxonomy is introduced, encompassing both fundamental motifs--spiral, heart, petal, knot, and braid--and compound forms such as spiral-heart, petal-spiral, and triple configurations. Unlike prior work that focused on isolated replication, this research demonstrates how designs can expand into generative families, each carrying cultural meaning and mathematical coherence. The findings establish twisted wire ornaments as "wearable mathematics," offering a foundation for algorithmic design, digital fabrication, and interdisciplinary exploration in ethnomathematics and computational design.

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 Keywords

Twisted wire jewellery, Ethnomathematics, Parametric modeling, Shape grammar, Motif taxonomy, Compound motifs, Generative design, Geometric invariants, Wearable mathematics, Computational jewellery design, Cultural heritage preservation, Algorithmic design, Digital fabrication

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's digital age, technology has become an essential part of everyday life. While it has made communication, business, and education easier, it has also created new opportunities for crime. Cyber crime is one of the fastest-growing forms of criminal activity in the modern world. This paper explains what cyber crime is, why it is increasing, the different forms it takes, and how it affects individuals and society. It also discusses the difficulties in controlling cyber crime and suggests practical ways to prevent it. The goal is to present the topic in a clear and relatable way so that readers can better understand the risks and take steps to protect themselves.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Cyber Crime, Cyber Security, Phishing, Hacking, Ransomware, Identity Theft, Online Fraud, Social Engineering, Data Breach, Digital Payments, UPI Fraud, Malware, Internet Security, Cyber Law,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Maternal mortality remains a major global health concern, particularly in developing countries like India. One of the effective tools for reducing maternal and neonatal complications during labor is the partograph. The partograph is a simple, cost-effective graphical tool used to monitor the progress of labor and the condition of the mother and fetus. Despite its proven benefits, its utilization is often inadequate due to lack of knowledge and skills among healthcare providers. This study aims to assess the knowledge regarding the use of partograph among staff nurses and GNM students and to improve their understanding through educational interventions. The findings of the study are expected to contribute towards improving maternal healthcare services and reducing complications associated with labor.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Partograph, Maternal Mortality, Labor Monitoring, Staff Nurses, GNM Students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

: Background: Commando surgery (combined mandibulectomy and neck dissection) is a radical procedure for advanced head and neck cancers, requiring specialized postoperative care. Nursing officers play a critical role in recovery, yet structured training and standardized protocols are often lacking, particularly in resource-limited settings. Objectives: To assess the baseline knowledge of nursing officers regarding post-Commando surgery care, implement a structured Care Bundle, evaluate its effectiveness on knowledge, compare pre- and post-test scores, and determine associations with demographic variables. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design was used with 60 nursing officers at Apollo Sage Hospital, Bhopal, selected via convenience sampling. A structured knowledge questionnaire (27 items) was administered pre-intervention. The intervention consisted of a validated self-instructional booklet and structured teaching session on post-Commando surgery care. A post-test was conducted after 7 days. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and ANOVA. Results: Pre-test knowledge was inadequate in 51.7% of participants, moderate in 38.3%, and adequate in only 10%. Post-test scores improved dramatically: 90% achieved adequate knowledge, 8.3% moderate, and only 1.7% remained inadequate. The paired t-test confirmed a highly significant knowledge gain (p < 0.001). ANOVA revealed a significant association between knowledge gain and professional designation (p = 0.03), but not with age or gender. Conclusion: The structured Care Bundle significantly enhanced nursing officers' knowledge regarding post-Commando surgery care. Integrating such evidence-based bundles into nursing education and clinical protocols is recommended to standardize care, reduce complications, and improve patient outcomes.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Care Bundle, Commando Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer, Nursing Knowledge, Quasi-Experimental Study, Postoperative Care

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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For indigenous communities, forests are not only habitats but living pharmacies where traditional medicine evolves through sustained interaction among humans, animals, and ecological systems. However, the growing intensity of human-animal conflict has profoundly altered this relationship. Expanding conservation controls, habitat fragmentation, and conflict-driven forest restrictions have increasingly limited indigenous access to medicinal resources, placing traditional healing practices at risk of extinction. This paper examines the impact of human-animal conflict regimes on indigenous systems of traditional medicine, situating the analysis within the broader framework of forest governance, conservation law, and indigenous rights. It argues that contemporary conflict management strategies often designed with an exclusive focus on wildlife protection and human safety frequently overlook the healthcare needs and cultural practices of forest-dependent communities. As a result, indigenous healers face marginalization, criminalization of customary practices, and erosion of intergenerational medicinal knowledge. Adopting a socio-legal and rights-based approach, the study critically analyses relevant legal frameworks, including wildlife conservation laws, forest rights legislation, and international instruments such as the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The paper highlights the tension between conservation imperatives and indigenous health systems, particularly in conflict-prone forest landscapes where access to medicinal plants and traditional spaces is increasingly regulated or denied. The paper contends that the silencing of forest healers represents not merely a cultural loss but a violation of the right to health, livelihood, and cultural identity of indigenous communities. It concludes by advocating for inclusive human-animal conflict management frameworks that recognize traditional medicine as an essential component of sustainable coexistence. Integrating indigenous knowledge into conservation and conflict mitigation policies is crucial for ensuring ethical, equitable, and sustainable solutions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Indigenous Peoples, Traditional Medicine, Human-Animal Conflict, Indigenous Rights, Forest Rights.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Human-animal conflict has emerged as one of the defining governance dilemmas of the Anthropocene, an epoch marked by profound human alteration of ecological systems. As expanding cities, linear infrastructure, extractive economies, and intensive land-use practices encroach upon natural habitats, the boundaries between human and non-human worlds increasingly blur. The consequences are often violent and unequal. It manifests in loss of human life, erosion of livelihoods, ecological fragmentation, and creates deep ethical questions about coexistence in a shared landscape. This paper approaches human-animal conflict not merely as a problem of wildlife conservation or management, but as a complex legal and human rights issue embedded in development choices and institutional failures. It critically examines the legal and policy frameworks governing conflict mitigation, with reference to environmental law, forest governance, wildlife protection regimes, and disaster management responses. Particular attention is paid to the lived experiences of indigenous peoples, forest-dependent communities, and other marginalised groups who bear a disproportionate share of conflict-related harms. These often persists without adequate legal recognition, protection, or remedy. At the same time, the paper explores the evolving normative space within environmental governance that increasingly acknowledges animal welfare, ecological integrity, and interspecies ethics. It interrogates the scope of criminal and civil liability arising from human-animal conflict, assessing state responsibility, administrative accountability, and the limitations of individualised, fault-based legal approaches in addressing structurally produced ecological harm. Compensation and rehabilitation mechanisms are analysed through the lens of environmental justice, revealing persistent gaps in accessibility, adequacy, and effective implementation. The paper further evaluates the role of technology, such as, early warning systems, geospatial mapping, and data-driven monitoring, as both a tool of innovation and a site of new governance challenges, including concerns relating to surveillance, exclusion, and distributive equity. Situating domestic responses within the broader architecture of international environmental law, biodiversity conservation treaties, and cross-border wildlife governance, the paper ultimately argues for a paradigm shift. It calls for a move away from reactive, compensation-centric models towards rights-based, community-centred, and preventive governance frameworks capable of fostering sustainable and ethically grounded coexistence between humans and the more-than-human world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Human-Animal conflict, Anthropocene Governance, Human Rights, ESG, Surveillance Technology.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart cities, GPS, web technologies, complaint redressal, spatial analytics, e-governance, Spring Boot.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The purpose of this paper is to introduced an encryption and decryption algorithm that uses Fuzzy logic to improve data communication security and efficiency. The technique adds complexity and randomness to the cryptographic process by combining Spiral rotation transformations with fuzzification and intensification operations because it transforms crisp input (a precise number) into a fuzzy linguistic value. that bears no relation to the primary data. This fact leads to considerable ambiguity on the part of attackers trying to guess the value of the key or the plain text, making the system more robust against security attacks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Fuzzy logic, Spiral rotation, Encryption and Decryption, fuzzification and intensification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Among the factors that have caused agriculture to have low productivity are climate variability, imbalance of nutrients in soils, and poor choice of crops, this paper presents a Smart Crop Advisory System that employs machine learning with real-time environmental information to make agricultural decisions. The system analyses such parameters as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), pH, temperature, humidity, and rainfall and recommends appropriate crops based on a Random Forest machine learning model. The OpenWeatherMap API provides weather data in real-time to improve the quality of forecasts and provide an understanding of the climate. The system also has the capability of yield prediction, irrigation instructions and soil analysis features, though smart agricultural technologies are developing fast. Many studies have explored mainly single functionalities like crop prediction with machine learning model, soil nutrient analysis, or environmental monitoring with the help of IoT devices [1], [4]. Even though these strategies have been performing well under controlled environments, the strategies normally lack real-time data, which is critical in controlling dynamical agricultural settings, as affected by climate change. In addition, other systems related to the IoT may constantly monitor the environmental conditions and parameters, such as soil moisture, temperature, and humidity, but they do not tend to provide predictive analytics and smart decision-support systems that can further transform raw data into farm-indicative information [9]. which are an interactive Flask-based dashboard. Experimental testing of this system has achieved an accuracy of approximately 94% confirming the effectiveness of the system in precision agriculture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Precision agriculture, Machine learning, Crop recommendation, Smart farming, Random Forest.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition