Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in order to evaluate the fitness evaluation of Chandigarh football players through tests. Twelve football players were selected randomly from different levels of achievement (active, non-active, national, state division). The t-ratio was utilized to analysis data concerning fitness evaluations among active and nonactive football players. The results clearly show that there is indeed a significant distinction in the endurance and speed of Chandigarh active players. It is hypothesized that there can be significant differences between the fitness level differences and the impact of physical activity on endurance and speed among Chandigarh players. This chapter offers recommendations for designing tailored training programs, promoting physical activity, and fostering overall fitness improvement within the football community.

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Endurance,Speed, Active players, T ratio analysis

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Dysmenorrhea, commonly known as painful menstruation, is one of the most prevalent gynecological problems affecting adolescent girls and young women, including nursing students. It can significantly impact daily activities, academic performance, and overall quality of life. Many individuals rely on pharmacological treatments; however, home remedies such as dietary modifications, exercise, and traditional practices are widely used due to their accessibility and fewer side effects. Despite this, knowledge regarding effective and safe home remedies remains inadequate among many students. Therefore, a structured teaching programme can play a vital role in improving knowledge and promoting safe self-care practices among first-year B.Sc. nursing students. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding home remedies of dysmenorrhea among first-year B.Sc. nursing students in a selected nursing college at Bangalore. Objectives: 1) To assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding home remedies of dysmenorrhea among first-year B.Sc. nursing students. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding home remedies of dysmenorrhea among first-year B.Sc. nursing students. 3) To determine the association between post-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables of first-year B.Sc. nursing students. Materials and Methods: The study adopted an evaluative research approach with a pre-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design, conducted among 50 first-year B.Sc. nursing students in a selected nursing college at Bangalore using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and rating scales developed by the investigator to assess knowledge regarding home remedies of dysmenorrhea. Following the pre-test, a structured teaching programme was administered, and the post-test was conducted after the intervention period using the same tools. The tools were validated by experts and found to be reliable (r = 0.83). Data collection was carried out after obtaining necessary permissions and informed consent from participants. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics such as paired 't' test and chi-square test to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching programme and its association with selected demographic variables. Results and Findings: The findings of the study revealed that the majority of first-year B.Sc. nursing students (98%) had inadequate knowledge regarding home remedies of dysmenorrhea in the pre-test, whereas after the implementation of the structured teaching programme, there was a significant improvement, with 66% of students attaining moderately adequate knowledge and 24% achieving adequate knowledge. The overall mean post-test knowledge score (12.5; 64%) was considerably higher than the pre-test score (9.2; 29.06%). The paired 't' test value (t = 26.32, p < 0.05) indicated that the structured teaching programme was highly effective in improving knowledge. Additionally, a significant association was found between post-test knowledge scores and the educational status of the mother, while other demographic variables showed no significant association. These findings confirm that the structured teaching programme was effective in enhancing knowledge among nursing students regarding home remedies of dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: The study concluded that first-year B.Sc. nursing students initially had inadequate knowledge regarding home remedies of dysmenorrhea. However, the implementation of the structured teaching programme significantly improved their knowledge levels, demonstrating its effectiveness as an educational intervention. The findings highlight the importance of providing systematic health education to promote safe and effective self-care practices. Therefore, structured teaching programmes can be effectively utilized in nursing education to enhance knowledge and improve the management of dysmenorrhea among students.

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Keywords: Structured teaching programme, Dysmenorrhea, Home remedies, Nursing students, Knowledge, Menstrual health, Health education, Effectiveness

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Job satisfaction has emerged as a critical factor influencing employee performance and organizational success in modern industrial settings. Understanding its determinants and consequences is essential for designing effective human resource strategies. This study examines the antecedents and outcomes of job satisfaction in a manufacturing setting, focusing on employee welfare measures and their impact on organizational effectiveness. Primary data were collected from 180 employees of Deccan Industries, Coimbatore, using a structured questionnaire. The study employed Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the relationships between various welfare measures--statutory, health and safety, monetary and financial, psychological and emotional, career and development, and work-life balance--and job satisfaction, along with its influence on organizational commitment and work-life balance. The findings reveal that all welfare measures significantly and positively affect job satisfaction, with monetary and financial benefits emerging as the strongest predictor, while career and development measures have relatively lower influence. Additionally, job satisfaction significantly impacts organizational commitment and work-life balance, acting as a key mediating variable. The study concludes that comprehensive welfare measures are essential for enhancing employee well-being and improving overall organizational performance.

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Welfare Measures, Job Satisfaction, Precedents and Outcomes, Organizational Commitment, Work - Life Balance.

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The present study viz., Influence of Learning Interest and Learning Difficulties on Achievement of Students in Mathematics at Secondary Level. Investigator used the standardized tools for learning interest and learning difficulties in Mathematics scale developed by Janakiraman B and Dr Leo Stanly S. The investigator used survey method for the present study. To find out if there is any significant difference in learning interest and Learning Difficulties in Mathematics of secondary school students with respect to Gender and to find out the influence of Learning Interest and Learning Difficulties in Mathematics on Achievement in Mathematics of secondary school students. The present study comes under the category of random sampling. The investigator selected 1090 secondary students from the schools in Kancheepuram district. The present study revealed that there is significant difference in learning interestand Learning Difficulties in Mathematics of secondary school students with respect to Gender, and there is influence of Learning Interest and Learning Difficulties in Mathematics on Achievement in Mathematics of secondary school students.

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Learning interest, Learning difficulties, Achievement in Mathematics and secondary students.

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Dislocations and migrant memories, sense of belonging and otherness, crisscrossed cultural spaces and multiple identities are being voiced in academic corridors in a globalizing world. The cultural conflicts have acquired more poignancy in case of women writings and deliberations because the question of self-definition can hardly be isolated from the larger questions of gender. The reflections on shifting spaces and crossing borders in immigrant women writing speak volumes about the spatial re-configurations and cultural re-formulations in female psyche. The impossibility of fixity causes a constant self-refashioning for survival in the state of dislocations. The present paper attempts to explore the selected poems of eminent South Asian immigrant women writers, Meena Alexander and Imtiaz Dharker. A close reading of the poems in Alexander's anthology Birthplace with Buried Stones and Dharker's I speak for the Devil reveals, how they have handled the complexity of layered identity and the desirability of cultural reformulation? How their creative self has projected the cultural shifts and the progression from dislocations to dynamic displacements in the Third Space? Underscoring the fragmentation associated with their lives as migrants and their refusal to assign definite meaning to their poetry, the paper intends to analyze their poetry as 'music of survival'

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Third Space, Cultural Translation, Identity, Dislocation, Belonging, Survival, Immigrant

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List of communicable disease Common cold, dengue, malaria, typhoid leprosy, tuberculosis,rabies scabies filariasis diarrhoea, scrub typhus, pneumonia Chicken pox aids hepatitis Covid 19 List of non communicable disease Diabetes, hypertension Cancer asthma heart' attract heart failure hemorrhage Brain stocks dislipidemia pancreatitis

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Few diseases from communicable and non communicable presentable by vaccination

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Reactive gingival enlargement is a common clinical finding associated with chronic irritation, often exacerbated by orthodontic therapy due to increased plaque retention and mechanical factors. Its occurrence is not limited to a single stage and may be observed before, during, or after orthodontic treatment, requiring phase-specific periodontal management. This case series presents three patients demonstrating gingival enlargement at different stages of orthodontic therapy. The first case presented with pre-existing gingival enlargement prior to orthodontic treatment and was managed with gingivectomy to establish a healthy periodontal baseline. The second case developed gingival enlargement during active orthodontic therapy, which required surgical intervention following initial periodontal therapy. The third case reported with localized gingival overgrowth three months after completion of orthodontic treatment, which was surgically excised. Histopathological evaluation confirmed fibrous hyperplasia. All cases showed satisfactory healing with restoration of gingival contour and function. This case series highlights that reactive gingival enlargement can occur across all phases of orthodontic treatment and emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis and phase-wise periodontal management to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.

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Reactive gingival enlargement, Orthodontic therapy, Periodontal management, Gingivectomy, Fibrous hyperplasia, Plaque-induced inflammation, Case series.

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Background: Periodontal intrabony defects represent a challenging clinical condition requiring regenerative therapy. Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF) has demonstrated promising regenerative potential due to its growth factor content. Diode laser therapy offers bactericidal and biostimulator effects that may enhance periodontal healing. Aim- To compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of PRF with and without adjunctive diode laser application in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Materials and Methods -Ten systemically healthy patients presenting with chronic periodontitis and bilateral intrabony defects were included in this randomized split-mouth study. Experimental Site A was treated with open flap debridement (OFD) + PRF, while Experimental Site B received OFD + PRF + diode laser disinfection. Clinical parameters including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) were recorded at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Radiographic defect depth was assessed at baseline and 6 months using standardized intraoral periapical radiographs. Results: Both groups showed statistically significant reduction in PI, GI, and PPD with gain in CAL at 6 months. However, the laser-assisted PRF group demonstrated comparatively greater improvement in clinical parameters and radiographic bone fill. Conclusion: PRF is an effective regenerative material in the management of periodontal intrabony defects. The adjunctive use of diode laser with PRF may enhance clinical and radiographic outcomes.

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Platelet Rich Fibrin, Diode Laser, Intrabony Defect, Periodontal Regeneration, Chronic Periodontitis.

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History is a dialogue between the present and the past. The present paper deals with Can You Hear the Nightbird Call by Anita Rau Badami, a writer of Indian origin based in Montreal, Canada and Five Queen's Road by Sorayya Khan, a writer of Pakistani origin settled in Ithaca, U.S. who root their works in their experiences and their memories of socio-political upheavals in India and Pakistan and the way their in-between position influence their views of their homeland and its history. Khan weaves together the post-partition history of the Indian subcontinent by amalgamating oral testimonies and research as well as official histories to portray the different ways in which the past is remembered by the people. Badami, on the other hand, believes that she couldn't have written a novel if she had not left India and she read a collection of testimonies given by victims and read interviews published in India by people involved in extremist activities in the Punjab. The history of all countries show that violence is a universal phenomenon and it is writ large on the pages of human history. In Can You Hear the Nightbird Call?, Badami begins the narrative with the Partition, ropes in the Indo-Pak wars, Mrs. Gandhi taking up the reins of the country, massacre of the Sikhs etc. whereas Five Queen's Road epitomizes undivided India and later deals with the cataclysmic Partition in 1947 which brought in its wake humongous violence. The engagement with the homeland, the process of rehabilitation and the values that hold human beings rooted in the past are some dominant concerns in the fiction of Anita Rau Badami and Sorayya Khan.

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Homeland; post-partition history; humongous violence; rehabilitation

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Early detection of cardiovascular abnormalities is critical for lowering mortality risk and enabling prompt clinical management. This work presents a noise-resilient hybrid ECG classification framework that combines clinical benchmark datasets (MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database and PTB-XL) with portable six-lead recordings obtained from KardiaMobile 6L devices. ECG traces from portable PDF and image reports are automatically digitized into standardized waveforms using an image-processing pipeline with signal-quality-driven lead selection, whereas multi-lead clinical signals are compacted through principal component analysis (PCA). To ensure uniformity across heterogeneous sources, all recordings are resampled to 100 Hz and segmented into fixed-length windows prior to preprocessing. The proposed denoising pipeline sequentially applies Butterworth band-pass filtering, power-line notch suppression, discrete wavelet denoising, and per-record normalization. For classification, the framework integrates both deep and conventional machine learning models. A one-dimensional CNN captures temporal ECG morphology, while a two-dimensional CNN analyzes STFT-derived time-frequency representations. In parallel, handcrafted clinical features are processed using support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), XGBoost, and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifiers. Model predictions are combined through a validation-guided weighted probability ensemble to enhance robustness and decision stability. The system performs five-class rhythm identification: Normal Sinus Rhythm, Atrial Fibrillation, Bradycardia, Tachycardia, and Ventricular Arrhythmias. Patient-wise data partitioning is applied to prevent subject information leakage and the framework is evaluated on both intra-dataset digital test data and on Kardia data from an external source. Experiments show high accuracy better macro-F1 performance and well calibrated confidence scores indicating this can be applied to real-time and telecardiology ECG monitoring.

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ECG Classification, Arrhythmia Detection, Noise-Robust Signal Processing, Hybrid Machine Learning, Deep Learning.

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