Volume 12 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The Human body is prone to the infection and disorders of various diseases. A disease is an abnormal condition that affects the structure or function of part or whole of the body and is usually associated with specific signs and symptoms. A disease may be caused due to coming in contact with an infectious pathogen or it may be a bodily disorder. In earlier times, the life span of humans remained short due to unavailability of treatment for diseases and disorders. But medical science has changed the course of society and played a vital role in securing human health. Among the treatment methods, the extremely useful and potent substance in curing a disease is vaccine. The vaccines are the substances that are most difficult to invent for any institution/organization or for any pharma company but if a vaccine is invented for a particular disease, the lives of millions can be saved by it. The use of vaccines against an infectious disease as a means to prevent the infection caused by the microbe may stop the biological tragedies like epidemics and pandemics. The continuous immunization programs against a particular disease may lead to its eradication. In order to recover the expenses caused during the invention of the vaccine, the inventor causes their vaccines to be patented which ultimately create obstruction in technology transfer of vaccines. Patented vaccines bring fortune to the inventing agency in the form of exclusive rights like licensing. Every licensing agreement to manufacture the vaccine may not come with the technology transfer of that vaccine leading to increase in the price of vaccine and hindrance caused in the access to vaccine. For every vaccine that is invented, clinical evaluations are required to be conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations prescribed by the WHO expert committee on biological standardization.

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 Keywords

Licensing, Immunization, Technology transfer, Vaccine, Microorganism

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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India's legislative framework on climate change takes a multipronged approach to tackling the intricate problems that climatic variability and environmental degradation present. An outline of the main elements of India's legal system is given in this abstract, together with information on its development, advantages, and shortcomings. The abstract starts off by looking at India's international obligations, such as the Paris Agreement, and its constitutional provisions. It then goes into legislative enactments like the Environment Protection Act and the National Action Plan on Climate Change. It also discusses the role of judicial interventions and regulatory mechanisms in shaping climate-related policies and enforcement. Furthermore, it explores the challenges of implementation, including issues of coordination, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement. Through a comprehensive analysis, this abstract elucidates the significance of a robust legal framework in facilitating India's transition towards climate resilience and sustainable development.

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 Keywords

Climate change,Regulatory compliance,Climate Justice

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The complex impacts of disease stages and disease symptoms on spectral characteristics of the plants lead to limitation in disease severity detection using the spectral vegetation indices (SVIs). Although machine learning techniques have been utilized for vegetation parameters estimation and disease detection, the effects of disease symptoms on their performances been less considered. In Agriculture, leaf diseases have grown to be a dilemma as it can affect significant diminution in both quality and quantity of agricultural income yield. The vegetation indicators from hyper symbol of data have been shown to be effective for indirect monitoring of plant leaf diseases. However, a restriction of this indication is that they cannot distinguish different diseases on crops. Thus, automated recognition of disorder on leaves plays a crucial role in agriculture fields. It imparts a simple and computationally efficient method used for leaf disease identification and classification using digital image processing and machine vision technology. Different type's pests (brown rust, yellow rust, anthracnose, holospot and Powdery Mildew) in wheat, rice, corn, Barley were used. The new optimized spectral indication was derived from a necessary image conversion method. The most and least relevant wavelengths for different diseases were first extracted from leaf spectral data using the GLCM and ANN algorithms.

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 Keywords

Disease stages Disease symptoms Spectral characteristics Spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) Machine learning techniques Leaf diseases Digital image processing Machine vision technology GLCM algorithm ANN algorithm

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Partial shade conditions (PSC) are an unforeseen problem for large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. PSC may reduce the PV system's performance by producing repeated peaks in the power-voltage (P-V) characteristics. For optimal use, the PV system should be run at its global maximum power point, or GMPP. This paper proposes a system based on Flying Squirrel Search Optimization (FSSO) for the tracking of GMPP. The original FSSO is changed to update the squirrel position in the absence of a predator in order to achieve an effective adoption with a significantly shorter convergence time. A quasi-Z-source converter is used in an experimental study of the suggested technique to extract the highest power under PSC. Higher tracking efficiency, a non-oscillatory steady state response, and fewer transients are produced by the suggested design. Experimental and simulation The suggested technique works better than other well-known maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies based on Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), according to investigations conducted under varied shading patterns.

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 Keywords

Flying squirrel search optimization (FSSO), Maximum power point tracking (MPPT), partial shaded conditions (PSC), photovoltaic (PV) system

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Brain tumors are one of the main causes of most tumors deaths international. Early detection of mind tumor is tough due to the fact most tumors-specific symptoms arise best in superior degrees and there may be no dependable screening device to pick out high-chance sufferers. But if brain most tumors is detected early, it can be cured. This project tries to stumble on brain tumors from CT pics. It uses a number picture processing techniques and architectural fashions to stumble on tumors. After image pre- processing, the architectural version is used to locate the tumor area in the photo. The tumor detection accuracy throughout education is approximately 98.7%.

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 Keywords

Brain Tumor, MRI, Deep Learning, Tumor, CNN

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This study delves into the challenges encountered in material handling management within the transformer manufacturing industry. Material handling plays a critical role in the efficiency and productivity of transformer production processes. The research aims to identify and analyze the key challenges faced by manufacturers in handling materials throughout the production cycle. Factors such as inventory management, logistics, equipment handling, and workforce training are explored to understand their impact on operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness. By addressing these challenges, the transformer manufacturing industry can optimize material flow, reduce operational bottlenecks, and enhance overall productivity.

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 Keywords

Material handling, transformer manufacturing, challenges, inventory management, logistics, equipment handling, operational efficiency, productivity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It is apparent that in a patriarchal society, a woman has always struggled for her existence and identity. Feminism can be defined as the advocacy of the rights of women in social, political and economic spheres. Women have been struggling to achieve equality of status in the society mainly dominated by the men. This struggle has led to various waves of feminism all over the world. Cyber feminism can easily be understood as a methodology to build a relationship between women and the Internet. Even though women have always played major role in the development of the society, they have received the least recognition. Thus, cyber feminism is a way of empowering the women by expanding their knowledge of the cyber world. There is a need to change the image of technology so as to incorporate female view. Cyber feminism would lead to women's liberalization in the Cyberspace. However, it can be seen that women are often exploited even in the cyberworld. Women fall preys of gender violence on social media. Cases of sexual violence in virtual world has become cumulative. This paper explores cyber feminism and its impact on the life of women. The paper also focuses on how women are harmed by online harassment, virtual rape and even prostitution on cyberspace, thereby covering various aspects of cyber violence. The use of internet for anti-social purposes such as stalking, harassing, bullying, and so on, should be prevented and the abuse of cyberspace should be discouraged.

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 Keywords

Cyber feminism, Cyberspace, Liberalization, Cyber Violence, Cyber Obscenity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) of 2016 stands as a pivotal legislation in India's legal framework, providing a structured framework for insolvency and bankruptcy proceedings. This paper delves into the impact of the IBC on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India, exploring both its positive and negative effects on this vital sector of the economy. While the IBC has introduced streamlined insolvency resolution processes for SMEs, enhancing debt recovery efficiency, it has also posed challenges. The exclusion of SME promoters from the resolution process has complicated the revival prospects for these businesses. The paper suggests a tailored approach within the IBC framework to address the unique challenges faced by SMEs, advocating for a separate resolution regime, provisions for out-of-court settlements, and increased flexibility for SME promoters. These recommendations aim to strengthen the IBC's role in fostering the growth and resilience of SMEs in the Indian economy. The paper also discusses the historical context of insolvency and bankruptcy laws in India, the legal framework of the IBC, and its relevance to SMEs. It highlights the role of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) in managing insolvency cases related to SMEs and the recent amendments to the IBC aimed at providing relief to MSMEs. Through these discussions, the paper offers insights into the challenges and suggestions for enhancing the effectiveness of the IBC in addressing the insolvency issues faced by SMEs in India.

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Keywords- Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, SMEs, PPIRP, NCLT, Insolvency resolution

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Fast and automatic detection of airports from remote sensing images is useful for many military and civilian applications. In this paper, a fast automatic detection method is proposed to detect airports from remote sensing images based on convolutional neural networks algorithm. This method first applies a convolutional neural network to generate candidate airport regions. Based on the features extracted from these proposals, it then uses another convolutional neural network to perform airport detection. By taking the typical elongated linear geometric shape of airports into consideration, some specific improvements to the method are proposed. These approaches successfully improve the quality of positive samples and achieve a better accuracy in the final detection results. Experimental results on an airport dataset, Landsat 8 images, and a Gaofen 1 satellite scene demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.

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 Keywords

airport detection, convolutional neural network.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tamarind is a traditional Indian tree, which can even grow in dry regions of Africa. History of tamarind started at tropical areas of African continents. Tamarind is rich in magnesium and calcium. Banana is a tropical traditional Indian crop. Which has even placed in ancient tamil scriptures as Mukkani. There are more than 150 varieties of Banana. India is the largest producer of Banana. Banana is a good source of fibre and potassium. This project aims to combine these nutritious compositions in presentable way. This study focuses on the preparation of halwa from tamarind and banana, sensory evaluating the different variations and analysing the nutritional benefits of the product. Halwa is prepared using tamarind extract, banana pulp, jaggery, binders like corn flour, and some minor ingredients like cardamom for flavour enhancement. Typical steps in halwa production are pulping, mixing, and heating. Tamarind extract and banana pulp were developed by incorporating various proportions. The halwa was prepared by blending ingredients in four different variations. Variations are made of tamarind extract and banana pulp in the following proportions such as 23.4g of Tamarind pulp with 7.8g of banana pulp, 15.6g of Tamarind pulp with 15.6g of banana pulp, 7.8g of Tamarind pulp with 23.4g of banana pulp, and 1.5g of corn flour, 62.5g of jaggery and 1.5g of cardamom for per 100g of Halwa. Organoleptic evaluation is done by the sensory panelist to select the sample that is more acceptable and preferable in different sensory characteristics. Among them, 7.8g of tamarind extract and 23.4g of banana pulp are the acceptable proportions. This proportion is standardized for the nutrient analysis of the sample. The tamarind halwa obtained more positive responses by obtaining a similar texture and colour of the control.

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 Keywords

Halwa, Tamarind, Banana, Micronutrients

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition