Volume 12 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Nowadays special attention is paid to ecosystem conditions that encourage innovation and entrepreneurship. This chapter provides a critical review and expands the understanding of the concepts of the innovation ecosystem and entrepreneurial ecosystem. The entrepreneurial ecosystem represents a collection of actors that inter- act within a geographically bound entrepreneurial environment and factors, which contribute to the development of productive entrepreneurship. Innovation ecosys- tems represent communities of interacting actors that support innovation processes and create technologies and innovations. The focus of the innovation ecosystem is on value creation through the creation of innovations, while the focus of the entrepre- neurship ecosystem is on the development of entrepreneurship. There are differences between the two concepts, but also the relationships and interactions, which are revealed in the chapter. Also, there are highlighted the framework, components and features of both entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems.

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 Keywords

system, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ecosystem, innovation, innovation ecosystem, networks, knowledge

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Environmental conservation and waste management are critical global concerns. Automated trash detection in outdoor natural environments holds immense potential for efficient waste removal and environmental preservation. This project presents a novel approach utilizing the CNN deep learning architecture for real-time detection and identification of trash items in natural settings. The methodology involves the collection and annotation of a image dataset which comprising various environmental scenes with diverse types of litter. The CNN model is trained, fine-tuned, and optimized on this dataset to accurately detect and classify different types of trashes. Our proposed system utilizes real-time trash detection, which captures the trash using the system camera. Captured trash image is processed by CNN model which detects and classify the trashes in real time. Upon detection of trash, an automated email notification system is triggered, facilitating prompt clean up actions. The project aims to address the critical issue of outdoor littering by providing a scalable and efficient solution for trash detection in natural environments. The implementation of real-time detection coupled with automated notifications ensures timely intervention, contributing to the preservation of ecological balance and the promotion of cleaner outdoor spaces. The proposed system not only accurately detects trash items but also classifies them into distinct categories, enhancing its utility for waste management and environmental conservation efforts. The evaluation of the model demonstrates its robustness in accurately identifying and localizing trash items in outdoor environments

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Using Deep Learning,To Detect the Image and Verified it is organic waste or bio-waste.

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Iraq War (2003-11) also known as the Second Persian Straight Struggle Baxley in Iraq, which had two stages: a brief baEle in 2003 between Iraq and a combined force of troops primarily from the United States and Extraordinary Britain; and a subsequent U.S.-driven takeover of Iraq and expansion of Iraqi-equipped rebel forces against it. By 2001, the trade boycoE and arms-investment process that the United NaOons imposed on Iraq during the Persian Channel War (1990-91) had mostly come to an end. According to U.S. President George W. Bush, the September 11 assaults on the country that same year brought to light the threat that has nation like Iraq posed to American security. The UN requested that Iraq comply with Security Board ObjecOve 1441 in November 2002.

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Prelude to War,The 2003 Conflict,Occupation on of Iraq , A controversial War ,Legality of the Invasion , A Germath of the Invasion , Media Coverage , Loot & Damage , Public Opinion.

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The utilization of nano-silica as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mixtures has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to enhance the performance and durability of concrete structures. This project investigates the effects of incorporating nano-silica into concrete mixes, with varying replacement levels of cement, on the mechanical properties and durability characteristics of the resulting concrete. The study involves the preparation of concrete specimens with different proportions of nano-silica replacing cement by weight. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength are evaluated through laboratory testing. Additionally, durability aspects including resistance to chloride ion penetration, sulfate attack, and carbonation are assessed to determine the long-term performance of nano-silica modified concrete. The results obtained from this study contribute to the understanding of the influence of nano-silica on the properties of concrete, providing valuable insights for the construction industry. The findings will aid in optimizing concrete mix designs for improved strength, durability, and sustainability, thereby promoting the adoption of nano-silica as a viable supplementary material in concrete production.

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nano-silica, concrete mix, partial replacement, cement, mechanical properties, durability, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, chloride ion penetration, sulfate attack, carbonation, sustainable construction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Mobile banking applications have fundamentally modified the financial landscape. However, the nuanced acceptance and utilisation of this technology vary markedly across generational groups. This project delves into this interesting dynamic, conducting a comparative analysis of Gen Z and Gen X with a structured questionnaire obtained from 350 respondents in the Trichy and Thanjavur regions. The duration of the project is January to March 2024. Factors used for analysis here include the census or demographic profile of the m-banking users, and independent factors viz., Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Value, Perceived Risk, and Perceived Trust. Findings from correlation exhibit perceived usefulness (0.646) and perceived risk (0.606) have the highest correlation value with the attitude of Gen X and it shows the perceived value (0.683), perceived ease of use (0.640) has the highest correlation value with the attitude of Gen Z. Findings from CB-SEM model identified that R-square value of 0.971 which indicates that 97.1% of the variability in the dependent or response variable is explained by the explanatory or independent variable for Gen X and an R-square value of 0.915 which indicates that 91.5% of the variability in the response variable is explained by the explanatory variable for Gen Z. Recommendations include delivering tailored products by analyzing the needs and preferences of the M-banking users to further increase the acceptance of this disruptive innovation in the future.

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Mobile banking, Attitude, Gen X, Gen Z.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Orally dissolving tablets (ODTs) offer a significant advantage in terms of patient compliance and convenience, particularly for populations with swallowing difficulties or aversions to traditional solid dosage forms. ODTs dissolve rapidly in the mouth, reducing the risk of choking in patients with dysphagia and ensuring safer administration. However, their formulation and manufacturing pose unique challenges that require specialized approaches to ensure efficacy, palatability and stability. Excipient selection like super disintegrants, fillers and manufacturing processes are crucial for enhancing the disintegration and dissolution of ODTs leading to faster onset of action and improved therapeutic efficacy. Many new molecules and other drugs with unpleasant tastes can negatively impact patient compliance hence it is mandatory to use and optimize taste modifiers, such as sweeteners or flavoring agents to improve palatability and patient acceptability. Coprocessed excipients offer synergistic benefits by combining the advantages of multiple excipients into a single formulation to optimize ODT's quality parameters such as disintegration, dissolution and tablet hardness, while simplifying the formulation and manufacturing process. Advanced manufacturing technologies, such as spray drying, lyophilization and direct compression, improve the uniformity and stability of ODTs. The utilization of patented technologies offers unique advantages such as rapid dissolution, taste masking, improved mechanical strength, and enhanced drug delivery. It is necessary to understand the importance of ODT platform technologies in enhancing patient adherence, especially for vulnerable populations. Furthermore, ongoing research and innovation in this field continue to drive advancements in ODT technology and offer advantages in terms of simplicity, cost-effectiveness and scalability to enhance its therapeutic potential and market viability. This review outlines various strategies employed to address these challenges and optimize ODT formulations and manufacturing processes.

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Keywords: patient compliance, disintegration, taste, excipients, dissolution, stability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The sedition law in India, Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code, has long been a subject of controversy and debate. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the sedition law in India, examining its historical context, legal provisions, interpretation by courts, criticisms, and implications for freedom of expression and democracy. Through a critical examination of various judicial pronouncements and scholarly opinions, this paper seeks to evaluate the necessity and relevance of the sedition law in contemporary India, considering its potential for misuse and its impact on dissent and democratic principles. The paper concludes by highlighting the urgent need for a thorough review and reconsideration of the sedition law to ensure that it aligns with constitutional values and respects democratic principles while safeguarding national security.

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Sedition, India, Indian Penal Code, Freedom of Expression, Democracy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research investigates machine learning and fuzzy logic techniques for analyzing and predicting student performance. Logistic regression and random forest models are used to predict pass/fail outcomes and identify potential dropouts. A random forest classifier categorizes students into performance levels based on subject grades, class conduct, and attendance. A gradient boosting regression predicts Grade Point Average (GPA) using subject grades. Support vector machines classify students into performance categories considering various features. Additionally, a fuzzy logic system assesses student performance based on average subject marks, class conduct, and attendance. These approaches offer insights into educational assessment and provide a foundation for further research in optimizing interventions and enhancing student outcomes.

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machine learning, fuzzy logic, student performance, logistic regression, random forest, classification, dropout prediction, performance categorization, grade prediction, support vector machine

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study reviews and analyses an energy-storage-equipped diesel generator set, a solar PV (photovoltaic) array, a battery, and an electric vehicle charging station that is powered by the grid (CS). Battery storage is the main application for the charging station, which uses a solar PV system and a BES. When the storage battery runs out or the solar array is unable to provide any electricity, clever usage of the charging station can use a DG (Diesel Generator) unit or the grid to supply electricity. The DG sets are designed to operate at a consistent 80-85 percent level of the model in order to maximize fuel efficiency. The transportation industry's high CO2 emissions contaminate the environment worldwide. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a fantastic chance to cut carbon emissions. Battery charging stations facilitate the efficient and speedy charging of electric vehicles. Switching Technology is the best way to complete an extensive statewide trip. This essay examines the effectiveness of electric vehicles in several electrical aspects and discusses the drawbacks and advantages of adopting them as a sensible step towards sustainable, eco-friendly, and efficient transportation.

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-- Electric Vehicles; PV Array; Charging Modes; DG Set; Grid.

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This study delves into the realm of Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) in the Indian financial market. It offers a comprehensive analysis of their growth, performance, and investor preferences. The research employs a questionnaire survey to gather primary data on investor perceptions and experiences with AIFs. The data is analyzed using statistical tools and presented through graphs to highlight key findings. The paper explores the concept of AIFs, their regulatory framework in India, and their significance in boosting the nation's economic landscape. It then dissects various categories of alternative investments, including hedge funds, private equity funds (leveraged buyouts and venture capital), real estate, commodities, gold, art, and collectibles.

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Keywords: Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs), Indian financial market, investor preferences, performance analysis, risk-adjusted returns, private equity, venture capital, real estate, hedge funds, commodities, gold, art.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition