Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The Morung refers to a traditional youth dormitory or a tribal club serving as a centre for social life, education and cultural transmission for unmarried male members. The system has been the central point of all varied activities of a Naga Village. It has been rightly called as the fulcrum of village democracies. It is the centre for social, religious and political activities. It is the club, the public school, the military training centre, the hostel for boys and the meeting centre for village elders. It served as an institution to transmit the tradition, customs and laws from generation to generation and also served as the centre for defense and training in the art of warfare. Its proximity to the working of a village council is significant in the polity of the village. Despite the dwindling of this traditional institution, its relevance to the culture of the Nagas cannot be underestimated. The spirit of Morung can still be imbibed to the present context which can contribute towards harmony, welfare and peace. Thus this paper will revisit this unique and significant institution of Morung of Nagaland in general and focus on the Khangchiu (Morung) institution for a better understanding of this unique and powerful institution in Naga culture and society.

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 Keywords

Nagas, Culture, Morung, Khangchiu, Zeliangrong

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a comprehensive framework that aims to transform the Indian education system to meet the challenges of the 21st century. It introduces several reforms and innovative approaches to enhance the quality and inclusivity of education. Education plays a key role in shaping and developing student's intellect and skill set that leads them to be independent thinkers and prepares them for future challenges. Since the post independence period the higher education system in India has grown remarkably, to become one of the largest educational foundations in the world. However, the Indian education system has varied issues of concern, including access, equity and quality of higher education together with the assessment of institutions and their accreditation. Our objective is to determine the attitude of college students towards National Education Policy 2020. Through our survey, we have analyzed the attitude of 54 college students with the help of a questionnaire consisting of 24 items. The results reveal that the overall attitude towards NEP2020 is positive. Among groups that exhibited positive attitude towards NEP 2020, females were on the fore front compared to males though the difference was not statistically significant.

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 Keywords

National Educational policy 2020, Attitude, College Students.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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To provide real-time bus tracking and transit information for rural passengers using GPS, GTFS, and third-party APIs to enhance efficiency, reliability, and safety in public transportation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GTFS , Mapping , Tracker

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Secure communication is crucial in the digital age. Image steganography embeds secret information within digital images, making it undetectable to human vision. This paper uses the Least Significant Bit (LSB) technique to hide data in images using Python. It evaluates the effectiveness of LSB embedding by analyzing image quality, payload capacity, and resistance to steganalysis. The research discusses the benefits and limitations of image steganography for secure data transfer and potential improvements for future security threats and real-time communication.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Steganography, LSB Technique, Image Processing, Information Security, Data Hiding, Python, Secret Communication, Digital Image, Encoding, Stego Image.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Menstrual irregularities can significantly impact the quality of life, particularly in females experiencing conditions like dysmenorrhea and heavy bleeding. These irregularities are often linked to Body Mass Index (BMI). This descriptive correlational study aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual irregularities and examine their relationship with BMI. Conducted at Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, data was collected from 187 female students, of who 100 reported menstrual irregularities. A self-structured checklist was used to assess menstrual patterns, while BMI was measured using a weighing scale and measuring tape. The study found that 69% of participants experienced menstrual irregularities, with 81% reporting mild symptoms. Additionally, 71% of the students had a normal BMI. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate positive correlation between BMI and menometrorrhagia, and a strong negative correlation between BMI and hypomenorrhea. Chi-square tests indicated a significant association between menstrual irregularities and demographic factors such as age, education, marital status, family income, and age at menarche. BMI also showed significant associations with age, education, marital status, and menstrual bleeding duration. The findings suggest that menstrual irregularities are more prevalent among obese women, highlighting the importance of lifestyle modifications, including proper diet and regular exercise, to maintain a healthy BMI and support menstrual health.

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 Keywords

Body Mass Index, Menstrual irregularities

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the highly competitive business environment of today, firms must continuously evaluate and enhance employee performance in order to achieve strategic goals. Traditional performance evaluation methods usually lack efficiency, consistency, and transparency, which leads to management issues and employee dissatisfaction. This study proposes the design and implementation of an Employee Performance Appraisal System (EPAS), which provides a comprehensive, automated, and user-friendly platform for performance appraisals, in order to address these issues. The recommended features--which are all made to satisfy the needs of companies with large workforces--include a thorough employee profile, established evaluation standards, secure feedback channels, and real-time performance tracking. The system was created with PHP, MySQL, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to ensure seamless user interaction while safeguarding the confidentiality and precision of appraisal data. By combining qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria, the EPAS makes objective performance reviews easier and promotes ongoing improvement. Additionally, the system has strong analytics and reporting capabilities that let decision-makers and HR managers track trends, find top performers, and assist with strategic planning using accurate performance data. EPAS enhances overall productivity, increases corporate transparency, and improves employee happiness by minimizing manual intervention and guaranteeing a fair appraisal process

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 Keywords

Employee Performance Appraisal, Performance Management System, HR Management, Talent Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has risen as a transformative green innovation frontier, addressing the dual challenge of moderating climate change and fostering sustainable development. CCU technologies capture carbon dioxide (CO?) emissions outflows from industrial sources and the atmosphere transforms them into profitable and valuable products such as fuels, chemicals, and construction materials. This paper investigates the most recent advancements in CCU technologies, their environmental and economic benefits, and their potential to contribute to a global net-zero emission goals. However, CCU technologies face many challenges, including high costs, scalability issues and energy demands energy which limit their widespread adoption. This paper aims to explore the role of CCU as a sustainable innovation, examining its technological advancements, economic and environmental benefits, and the barriers to its implementation. This study provides actionable insights for researchers, policymakers, and industry pioneers to accelerate the selection of CCU technologies as a key pillar of green innovation.

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Keywords: CCU, Green innovation and Sustainable development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project explores the feasibility of using deep learning to detect blood groups from fingerprint images. Traditional blood group detection. methods require invasive blood sample collection and laboratory analysis, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. In contrast, this approach aims to provide a non-invasive, rapid, and accessible alternative. By leveraging a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture, we analyze fingerprint patterns to predict blood groups (A, B, AB, O). A dataset of fingerprint images with corresponding blood group labels is collected and preprocessed, including normalization and augmentation techniques.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Transfusion, blood group prediction, artificial intelligence, image processing, segmentation, feature extraction, pattern recognition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study analyzes the medicinal importance and allergenic hazards of Azadirachta indica (neem), a plant that is widely used in traditional health practices like Ayurveda and Unani. Neem has been found to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing activities, which are attributed to bioactive compounds like azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Though beneficial, neem is potential allergen that can cause reactions, especially triggered by compounds like azadirachtin, leading to conditions such as contact dermatitis and respiratory trouble. The review highlights the importance of identifying allergenic compounds using techniques like chromatography and patch tests. It emphasizes the need for safer formulation and greater awareness among the public to counteract allergic risks while preserving neem's therapeutic advantages.

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This study analyzes the medicinal importance and allergenic hazards of Azadirachta indica (neem), a plant that is widely used in traditional health practices like Ayurveda and Unani. Neem has been found to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing activities, which are attributed to bioactive compounds like azadirachtin, salannin, nimbin, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Though beneficial, neem is potential allergen that can cause reactions, especially triggered by compounds

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The paper proposes a machine learning-based and computer vision-based real-time driver drowsiness detection system to reduce 30% of road accidents caused by driver fatigue. The system uses OpenCV for video capture and Dlib for detection of facial landmarks, i.e., 68 facial points for calculation of Eye Aspect Ratio using Euclidean distance. Temporal behavior and statistic attributes obtained through EAR values are utilized by machine learning classifiers for discriminating among alert and sleepy conditions. For detection of sleepiness, real-time audio alarm output is presented. Experiment testing was conducted on various subjects subjected to varying conditions of light, as well as road conditions, and providing a measure of drowsiness detectability with a measure of accuracy at 94% and a number of zero false alarms. The system's response time averaged 0.3 seconds from detection to alert, giving drivers sufficient reaction time to prevent accidents. Our method incorporates a novel adaptive thresholding mechanism that dynamically adjusts according to the baseline EAR values of individual users, resulting in significant performance under diverse facial structures and eye shapes. The system also includes an additional temporal analysis window that is utilized to analyze EAR patterns across adjacent frames for canceling spurious alarms due to natural blinking or temporary closures. With support for Python 3.8 and MySQL databases, this non-intrusive monitor solution promises high potential to enhance road safety via early detection of drowsiness. The suggested method combines commonly employed computer vision techniques with novel feature extraction methods to offer robust detection performance under varying lighting conditions and face orientations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Driver Drowsiness Detection, Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), Computer Vision, Machine Learning Classification, Road Safety, OpenCV, Dlib, Facial Landmark Detection, Real-time Monitoring, Adaptive Thresholding, Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Euclidean Distance, Temporal Analysis, Non-intrusive Monitoring.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition