Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Air pollution from automobile exhaust, particularly due to particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), has become a major concern in urban areas. These fine particles cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, making emission control a top priority. ELECTRA CLEAN is an innovative device that uses Electrostatic Precipitation (ESP) to filter out particulate matter from exhaust gases. Unlike conventional filters, ESP technology charges particles and collects them on oppositely charged plates. Designed to be compact, self-cleaning, energy-efficient, and easy to retrofit, ELECTRA CLEAN is ideal for cars, two-wheelers, diesel generators, and more. Experimental results show up to 70% reduction in PM emissions, confirming its effectiveness and potential in real-world applications

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 Keywords

POLLUTION CONTROL DEVICE ,ELECTRA CLEAN.

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 Abstract

The increasing use of smartphones among children has raised concerns about its impact on their physical, cognitive and emotional well-being. While smartphones offer convenience, communication and access to information, excessive screen time has been linked to various health risks, including obesity, sleep disturbances, postural issues, cognitive impairments and behavioural disorders such as ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Exposure to blue light and violent or addictive content further exacerbates these issues, affecting children's academic performance, mental health and social interactions. From an Ayurvedic perspective, smartphone addiction is associated with Manas Dosha imbalances, particularly Rajoguna and Tamoguna, affecting cognitive functions and emotional regulation. Ayurvedic interventions such as Satvavajaya Chikitsa (psychotherapy), Medhya Rasayana (cognitive-enhancing herbal remedies), Padamshika Karma (gradual withdrawal), and Yoga therapy offer natural solutions for managing addiction. These approaches emphasize mindful regulation, self-discipline, and cognitive enhancement to counteract the negative effects of excessive gadget use. Preventive measures, including parental guidance, regulated screen time, and lifestyle modifications, are crucial to mitigating the adverse effects of smartphone overuse. Integrating Ayurvedic principles with modern interventions provides a holistic strategy for promoting healthy digital habits among children.

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 Keywords

Behavioural issues, Neurological disorders, Ayurveda, Acharrasayana, Smartphone Addiction.

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This study examines the impact of Continuous Training, Development, and Education (CTDE) on enhancing the professional competence of teachers in public schools. A sample size of 200 respondents was surveyed to assess how regular professional development programs contribute to teachers' skills, knowledge, and overall effectiveness in the classroom. The study utilizes SPSS software for statistical analysis, employing Chi-square tests to test hypotheses and regression analysis to examine the relationship between CTDE and professional competence. Through a comprehensive analysis, the research highlights the benefits of CTDE in improving teaching methods, classroom management, and the integration of modern technologies. The study also identifies the challenges faced by teachers and the importance of tailored training programs that address specific needs. The findings suggest that ongoing professional development plays a crucial role in fostering a more competent and confident teaching workforce, ultimately leading to better educational outcomes. This research advocates for the continued implementation of CTDE initiatives to strengthen the quality of education in public schools.

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 Keywords

Continuous Training, Professional Development, Teacher Competence, Public School, Education quality, Teacher performance

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Nowadays, the world has witnessed a drastic change towards modern technology and how much it has advanced, even the specialized companies are undergoing through a major transformation in the field of information technology, specifically in the Internet of Things (IoT). This paradigm shift or IoT refers to the integration of physical objects with the internet and digital technologies through the addition of hardware and software, enabling these objects to become smarter and easier to work with. It allows them to communicate with one another and interact effortlessly with other people, supporting the various aspects of everyday life. As a result, it supports the new forms of interaction between humans and devices and even includes inter device communication among each other --which ultimately revolutionizes traditional lifestyles into something that's more seamless and high techdespite the major progress , this evolution does have several obstacles . Before achieving the full benefits of Iot we have to overcome the technical, social and ethical issues. The key purpose of this review paper is to offer readers an in-depth analysis from both technological and societal viewpoints. It includes exploring the key challenges and concerns that are linked to IoT, along with its interpretation providing a clear description of iot and architectural structure. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes range of sensors and actuators that are involved in IoT systems and their role in fostering smart communication. The paper highlights the most critical applications areas in Iot. The purpose of this study is to provide the readers with more profound understanding of Iot and its impact on the real world

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 Keywords

Internet of things (IoT), IoT Ecosystem , Smart Communication, Sensors, Actuators, System integration, Network interface

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The PH-Metric stability constant of binary & ternary complexes of antisuril with bivalent metal & Adipic acid in aqueous solution has been determined. The ionic strength was kept constant by Sodium nitrate. The stability constant of ternary complexes have been quantitively compared with those of corresponding binary complexes in terms of the parameter ?logK. In constitution of previous work (*).we hereby report coordination behavior of Allopurinol elements belonging to transition metal

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METAL LIGAND STABILITY CONSTANT OF ANTISURIL AND SOME METAL IONS IN AQUEOS MEDIA.

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Parental , Community, Involvement, Government,Primary Schools, Khawai District

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Structured Query Language (SQL) is essential for managing relational databases, yet many non-technical users struggle to write accurate queries. Our project, End-to-End Text-to-SQL System: Leveraging LLMs for Automated SQL Query Generation, addresses this challenge by using Large Language Models (LLMs) to translate natural language inputs into SQL statements. Trained on datasets like WikiSQL, these models learn to generate precise queries across diverse schemas. The system features a user-friendly web interface, enabling users to retrieve data effortlessly without SQL expertise. We evaluate multiple LLMs based on accuracy, efficiency, and execution time to select the best performer. This approach enhances database accessibility, minimizes query errors, and boosts productivity. Future work includes supporting complex queries, schema adaptation, and conversational refinement.

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 Keywords

Text-to-SQL, Large Language Models, WikiSQL, SQL

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Abstract Liberalization policies pushed for deregulation, privatization, and globalization. These changes changed agriculture by focusing on high-value foods, advancing technology, and expanding the export and agro-processing sectors. Even with these improvements, problems like unstable global prices, small farmers not being able to get enough loans, and gaps in technology still exist. India's high-value flower exports and use of genetically modified crops both went up from 2001 to 2010. From 2011 to 2020, the country focused on sustainability, digital agriculture, and growing methods that are resistant to climate change. In recent years, new technologies like AI and drones have changed the way farming is done. However, problems like shrinking landholdings and a lack of water are still very important. The agro-export industry has been strong, but it has to deal with competition, problems with technology, and limited infrastructure. Adopting new technologies, improving public-private partnerships, increasing export surpluses, encouraging the corporatization of agriculture, and pushing for global subsidy reforms are some of the suggestions made to make countries more competitive. For the sector to grow in the long run, it is also important to use sustainable methods and invest in technologies that can handle changes in climate. This research looks at the new trends in Indian agriculture since it became more open to foreign investment. It talks about improvements in gardening, food processing, and digital integration, as well as the problems that come with globalization and differences in technology. In addition, it talks about new government programs and the future of Indian farmland.

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Economic Liberalisation, Indian Agriculture, Corporatisation of Agriculture,

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Software bugs are a critical challenge in the development lifecycle, impacting product quality, user satisfaction, and maintenance costs. Traditional bug prediction models often focus on static code metrics or historical bug data, without considering the developer-centric context. This paper proposes a Developer-centered bug prediction model that leverages both code-level features and developer-specific behavioral patterns to enhance prediction accuracy. The model integrates features such as code complexity, change history, developer expertise, and commit frequency, using advanced machine learning techniques like ensemble learning and deep neural networks. We validate our approach on real-world datasets from open-source repositories, demonstrating significant improvements over conventional models in terms of precision, recall, and F1-score. The results suggest that incorporating developer-related factors provides a more nuanced understanding of bug-prone code, enabling more targeted and effective bug management strategies.

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Developer-Centric Analysis, Change Scattering, Code Quality Assessment, Predictive modeling, Logistic Regression, Cross-Validation

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This research examines the convergence of Blue Victorianism, gender dynamics, and water symbolism in two lesser-studied yet thematically significant Victorian novels: The Octoroon (1861) by William Gilmore Simms, also known as Mayne Reid, and The Odd Women (1893) by George Gissing. Engaging with interdisciplinary critical frameworks--including blue Victorian and ecocriticism the study argues that water in these texts functions not merely as a setting but as an active symbolic force that reflects and shapes the conditions of women's lives in Victorian society. The concept of Blue Victorianism, encompassing affective states such as melancholy, nostalgia, and aesthetic estrangement, is employed to examine how fluid spaces such as rivers, oceans, and coastal landscapes become metaphors for female subjectivity, social instability, and resistance to normative gender roles. In The Octoroon, the Mississippi River and the Atlantic Ocean emerge as charged and paradoxical spaces--sites where ideologies of race, gender, and colonialism intersect. The novel's mixed-race heroine, Zoe, is positioned at the confluence of freedom and constraint, where water signifies both escape and fatal entrapment. In contrast, The Odd Women presents water in more domestic and introspective forms: coastal fog, rain, and reflective seascapes that parallel the emotional and social displacement of unmarried, economically precarious women. In both novels, water mediates themes of marginality, transition, and emotional isolation, rendering it central to the construction of gendered space and narrative movement. By offering a comparative reading of these two novels through the lens of water symbolism and Blue Victorian aesthetics, this study contributes to broader scholarly conversations surrounding gendered spatiality, ecofeminist criticism, and Victorian representations of emotional and social transgression. However, it argues that water operates as a transformative and often destabilising narrative force--simultaneously marking boundaries and enabling resistance--within the gendered imaginaries of nineteenth-century fiction.

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 Keywords

Blue Victorianism, gender, water symbolism, Victorian fiction, The Octoroon, The Odd Women, ecocriticism, feminist theory, maritime space.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition