Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This study aimed to compare the physical and physiological characteristics of youth football players aged 15-17 years from Kerala and Lakshadweep. A total of 200 male players (100 from each region) participated in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric variables, body composition, physical performance (agility, sprint, power, and flexibility), and physiological capacities (intermittent endurance and aerobic fitness) were assessed using standardized field-based tests. Independent samples t-tests were used to determine differences between groups. The results revealed no significant differences in anthropometric characteristics between the groups. However, Kerala players demonstrated significantly better performance in agility, linear sprint, curve sprint, flexibility, and intermittent endurance. In contrast, Lakshadweep players exhibited significantly higher aerobic capacity (VO?max). These findings suggest that while body composition remains comparable, performance-related attributes are influenced by region-specific factors such as training exposure and environmental conditions. The study highlights the importance of targeted training interventions to optimize performance in youth football players.

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 Keywords

Football, Agility, Sprint, VO2max

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Abstract: Banaphul is a renowned figure in the landscape of 20th-century Bengali literature. Although he is primarily recognized for his contributions to fiction, he was equally a successful artist in the realm of dramatic literature. 'Dashabhan' (1944) is a collection comprising ten of his one-act plays. From this anthology, we have selected three plays--'ShikKabab', 'Lehya', and 'Jal'--for the purpose of this analysis. In the play 'ShikKabab', the playwright vividly portrays the inner anguish of women within the patriarchal social structure of that era. Through the character of Soudamini, the dramatist depicts the attitude of certain hedonistic men toward the women of that time. Employing the metaphor of the dish Shik Kabab, he successfully encapsulates--within the concise scope of a one-act play--the moral degradation of men who lust after the female body like predatory beasts. The characters--the Zamindar, his sycophant Pannalal, and Jibandhan--serve as representatives of that very society. In the second play, 'Lehya', he presents a tableau of a social reality where young people are not required to demonstrate their competence to secure employment; rather, mere sycophancy toward leaders occupying high positions is sufficient to achieve success. Job seekers manage to obtain appointments--specifically for the post of Private Secretary--by merely "licking the boots" of those in power, without offering any proof of their actual qualifications. Here, Banaphul highlights the plight of educated Bengali youths--both male and female--residing outside Bengal, specifically in the region of Bihar. In the third play, 'Jol', he depicts the communal conflicts prevalent in colonial India in a novel and unique style. Through a scientific lens, he portrays this dialectical backdrop using the metaphor of hydrogen and oxygen atoms. This conflict, in essence, serves as a microcosm of the discord between the Hindu and Muslim communities. At the conclusion of the play, the dramatist envisions a union between the two communities--a reconciliation akin to the scientific process wherein hydrogen and oxygen atoms combine to form the new compound: water. This research paper will explore how the multifaceted nature of contemporary social reality is reflected in these plays.

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Keywords: One-act play, social realism, 'Shikkabab', women's inner anguish, 'Lehya', unemployment problem, 'Jol', communal conflict.

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Satire, Social Commentary, American culture, Conformity, Individuality

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In the contemporary educational system, a teacher is not merely a dispenser of knowledge; rather they serve as facilitators, a mentor and a psychologically influential figure. Consequently, a teacher's psychological well-being and job satisfaction directly impact the quality of their instruction. The present study aims to examine the relationship between job satisfaction and subjective well-being among private school teachers in Howrah district, West Bengal. It also investigates differences in job satisfaction and well-being with respect to selected variables such as gender and type of institution (government and private). A quantitative research design was adopted for the study. Samples of 150 teachers were selected using appropriate sampling techniques. Data were collected using standardized tools, namely the Job Satisfaction Scale, Teacher Effectiveness Scale and Well-being Scale were used. The formulated hypotheses were tested using statistical techniques such as t-test and correlation analysis. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant relationship between overall job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in job satisfaction and well-being with respect to gender and type of institution. The study concludes that job satisfaction and subjective well-being are complex constructs influenced by multiple factors. The findings suggest the need for improving institutional and psychological support systems to enhance teachers' overall well-being.

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Psychological Well-being, Teaching Effectiveness, Job Satisfaction, School Teachers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including agents targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing antitumor immunity. However, their use is frequently complicated by immune-related adverse events (irAEs), with thyroid dysfunction being the most common endocrine manifestation. Understanding the incidence, mechanisms, and clinical implications of ICI-induced thyroid disorders is essential for optimizing patient care. Studies were analyzed for incidence rates, mechanistic insights, clinical features, and therapeutic recommendations.

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors, thyroid dysfunction, hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, immune-related adverse events.

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The gap between academic learning and industry requirements has become a major challenge in modern education systems. Students often work on projects without real-world exposure, while industries struggle to identify skilled candidates. This paper presents SYNERGY - Industrial Collaboration Portal, a web-based platform designed to enable seamless collaboration between students, developers, and industry professionals. The system allows users to create and share projects, form teams, assign tasks, and track progress through structured workflows. It integrates real-time communication, feedback systems, and performance tracking to ensure efficient project development. The platform transforms isolated academic work into a collaborative ecosystem, enhancing innovation, practical learning, and employability. The proposed solution improves knowledge sharing, bridges the academia-industry gap, and supports continuous skill development aligned with industry needs.

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Industrial Collaboration, Project Management, Knowledge Sharing, Team Collaboration, Innovation Platform, Web Application.

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This study explains the design and working of a domestic refrigerator based on the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. It focuses on main components like the compressor, condenser, capillary tube, and evaporator, and how they work together to produce cooling. The study also covers performance factors, energy efficiency, and eco-friendly refrigerants. It concludes that domestic refrigerators are efficient, reliable, and essential for food preservation in daily life.

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This study focuses on a domestic refrigerator operating on the vapor compression cycle, involving components like the compressor, condenser, and evaporator, while emphasizing energy efficiency and the use of eco-friendly refrigerants.

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Urban parking inefficiency remains one of the most persistent challenges in modern cities, driving traffic congestion, fuel wastage, rising emissions, and daily frustration for millions of drivers. Earlier research established the socio-economic cost of poor parking management and explored solutions ranging from camera-based detection and IoT sensor networks to edge computing and deep learning models -- each addressing parts of the problem but none delivering a complete, reliable, and deployable solution. Building on this foundation, a unified AI-Driven Smart Parking Framework was designed and developed, integrating ESP32-CAM based video capture, YOLO-based vehicle detection, Region of Interest matching, Django REST API backend with MySQL database, a Flutter mobile application for driver-facing slot availability, and a Streamlit-based monitoring dashboard for administrators. This paper presents the real-world experimental evaluation of that framework, implemented and tested on an open-air parking facility covering parking slots under daytime conditions. Performance evaluation focuses on three key dimensions -- system response latency, mobile application update speed, and dashboard refresh rate. Results confirm that the system achieves an average end-to-end response latency of 1 to 2 seconds, mobile application slot status updates within 1 to 3 seconds, and real-time dashboard refresh under 3 seconds -- validating the practical viability of the proposed framework for smart city deployment. The findings demonstrate that the convergence of computer vision, IoT sensing, and edge computing can successfully transform a conventional parking facility into an intelligent, data-driven, and user-friendly system.

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Computer Vision, Dashboard Performance, Django, ESP32-CAM, Flutter, IoT Sensing, Mobile Application, Real-Time Detection, Response Latency, YOLO.

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Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, commonly known as jamun, Indian blackberry, or black plum, is a tropical fruit tree belonging to the Myrtaceae family and is widely found in the Indian subcontinent. It has gained considerable attention for its potential role in managing hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by inadequate insulin production or impaired glucose regulation.This review focuses on the antihyperglycemic activity of S. cumini, particularly its seeds, which are an important by-product rich in various bioactive compounds. Phytochemical studies have identified the presence of several secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and alkaloids including jambosine and jamboline, which are believed to contribute to its therapeutic effects.The antidiabetic action of S. cumini is associated with multiple mechanisms, including improvement of glucose homeostasis, stimulation of pancreatic ?-cell function, enhancement of insulin secretion, and inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes like ?-amylase and ?-glucosidase. Experimental studies in streptozotocin-induced diabetic animal models have demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose levels and HbA1c. Furthermore, computational studies suggest that compounds such as kaempferol and gallic acid exhibit strong interactions with key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism.Clinical findings also indicate that the administration of standardized seed powder can significantly reduce fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose levels. Although S. cumini is generally considered safe, further research is needed to standardize extraction methods and develop advanced drug delivery systems to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness

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nutraceuticals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, jamun seed, Syzygium cumini, and antidiabetic.

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The purpose of the present study was to compare the level of achievement motivation between Kabaddi players and non Kabaddi players studying at Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib. A total sample of 40 male students was selected for the study. The subjects were divided into two groups: Kabaddi players (n = 20) and Non Kabaddi players (n = 20). Achievement motivation was measured using a standardized Achievement Motivation Test. Descriptive statistic, including mean and standard deviation, were calculated, and an independent samples t test was applied to examine differences between the groups. The findings revealed that Kabaddi players demonstrated significantly higher achievement motivation compared to non Kabaddi players. The results suggest that participation in competitive sports such as Kabaddi may enhance motivational traits among university students.

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 Keywords

Achievement Motivation, Kabaddi Players, Non-Kabaddi Players, Sports Psychology.

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