Volume 6 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

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SA213 T12, HVOF, SEM/EDX, Porosity etc

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Real photographs frequently contain complex blur, such as the combination of space-variant and space-invariant blur, which is challenging to mathematically represent. In this work, we provide a cutting-edge blur kernel-free picture deblurring technique. We use two photographs, one fuzzy with low shutter speed and low ISO noise, and the other noisy with fast shutter speed and high ISO noise, both of which may be easily obtained in low-light conditions. By dividing the blurred picture into patches, we can use the corresponding patches in the noisy image to extend the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and describe the underlying intensity distribution of each patch. Utilizing an analysis of the optical flow between the two pictures, we generate patch correspondences. The Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm is utilized to estimate the parameters of GMM. To preserve sharp features, we add an additional bilateral term to the objective function in the M-step. We eventually add a detail layer to the deblurred image for refinement. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the terms of robustness, visual quality, and quantitative metrics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Image deblurring, optical flow, gaussian mixture model(GMM)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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There is an increasing trend to use products manufactured from the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics or Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites in the industry like aerospace, automotive, sports, medical, renewable energy etc. It is because of the lighter weight, higher strength, hence, higher strength-to-weight ratio of these materials, their higher corrosion resistance, higher fatigue resistance etc. Manufacturing of products from CFRP composites need precise machining, including cutting. Cutting of these materials is very difficult and inefficient with non-laser traditional techniques. Using continuous wave (cw) or pulsed fiber lasers solves many of these limitations of cutting CFRP composites. These processes have been optimized by many researchers for reducing the heat affected zones (HAZ) by optimizing the laser parameters like its power, pulse duration, feeding speed etc. Finally the environmental hazards of laser-based cutting of CFRP composites and the safety measures are also discussed in this paper.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Laser cutting, CFRP composites, Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics, Polymers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The development of MEMS has been driven by the need for miniaturization and lowering the overall manufacturing cost. The field of MEMS is concerned with the development of integrated systems of sensors, actuators and associated electronics. Even though the electronics industry provides an economy of scale for the silicon industry, crystalline silicon is still a complex and relatively expensive material to produce. The development of polymer micromachining technologies that complement traditional silicon approaches has enabled the broadening of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. Polymeric Bio-MEMS (Biomedical Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) have great potential in their current and future applications which include genomics, proteomics, molecular diagnostics, point-of-care diagnostics, tissue engineering, single cell analysis and implantable micro-devices. The polymeric materials are very fragile and not rigid which restrict their manufacturing processes. To minimize many such problems, excimer lasers and femtosecond lasers have been used for the precise micromachining of Bio-MEMS, the details of which are discussed in this paper.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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excimer laser, femtosecond laser, micromachining, polymers, MEMS, Bio-MEMS

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Aadhunik sahitya mein naari chetna

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Aadhunik sahitya mein naari chetna

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid development of block chain-based financial technologies has transformed crypto currency from a niche technological innovation into an increasingly visible digital investment asset. Young investors constitute an important segment of this emerging market because of their high exposure to digital technologies, social media, mobile financial applications, and online investment platforms. However, awareness of crypto currency does not necessarily imply adequate financial knowledge or a willingness to invest. This study proposes an integrated framework to examine the relationship between crypto currency awareness and investment intention among young investors in India, while considering financial literacy, perceived benefits, perceived risk, social influence, regulatory awareness, and attitude toward crypto currency investment.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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crypto currency; crypto currency awareness; investment intention; young investors; financial literacy; perceived risk; perceived benefits; regulatory awareness; Theory of Planned Behavior; India.

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The rapid growth of e-commerce has transformed consumer purchasing behaviour and created new opportunities for businesses to promote environmentally responsible products. At the same time, increasing environmental awareness has encouraged consumers to consider sustainability while making purchasing decisions. This research paper examines sustainable e-commerce and consumers' willingness to pay for environmentally responsible products. The study focuses on the relationship between environmental awareness, perceived product value, consumer attitudes, trust in green claims, price sensitivity, and willingness to pay. From a commerce perspective, the paper also examines how sustainable practices can influence marketing strategies, customer loyalty, competitive advantage, and business performance. The study is based primarily on secondary information from academic literature, reports, and existing research. The findings suggest that consumers may be willing to pay a premium for environmentally responsible products when they perceive genuine environmental benefits, product quality, transparency, and value. However, high prices, lack of information, distrust of green claims, and limited product availability can discourage sustainable purchases. The paper concludes that e-commerce businesses can strengthen sustainable consumption by adopting transparent green marketing, sustainable packaging, responsible logistics, credible environmental certifications, and customer education.

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Sustainable E-Commerce, Consumer Behaviour, Willingness to Pay, Green Products, Green Marketing, Environmental Sustainability, Online Shopping

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This Caste is an essential element of social structure in rural India. As an aspect on the way of analysis about caste as well as social group, has different views in respect of time and space. Therefore, social class is functional, endogamous, hereditary and hierarchical in respect of institutional rules and social relations. Regarding this issue, Rig-Veda is first literature which mentioned the four social groups in entire Hinduism, such as- Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaisya and Sudra. Various castes in Hindu society are originated on the bases of specific economic activity. The Brahmin were in worship, the Kshatriya defenders of territory, the Vaisya in cultivation, exchanging and manufacturing of goods and Sudras were worker and servant. The present investigation will be highlighted on the social groups and their changing scenario of the economic activities over the decades in the mid of the 20th and the 21st century. In this regard, the information or data has collected through field survey from research responder of some selected villages under Rudranagar Gram Panchayet of tip most C.D. Block Murarai-II of Birbhum District, West Bengal.

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Caste, Social Structure, Social Group, Economic Activity

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In India, biomedical waste management is a highly important part of the environmental governance and regulation of public health, with the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and the Biomedical Waste Management Rules, 2016 being the primary regulatory measures. This paper will discuss compliance practices in ten different health institutions of different capacities such as large hospitals and smaller health care centres. A descriptive and analytical research design was applied to collect primary data in the form of structured questions and analyze them with the help of frequency distribution, Chi-square test. The paper analyses segregation procedures, storage systems, disposal, record keeping, training, monitoring protocols, COVID-19-related measures, and institutional issues within the legal system.The results suggest that there is a great deal of formal compliance in segregation, colour-coded storage, training, audits, and pandemic-specific waste management. Nevertheless, the statistical significance was found in the record maintenance by the hospital capacity, and larger hospitals showed better documentation practices. Moreover, bigger institutions were at a greater risk of having problems of illegal dumping by outsiders. Though the regulatory landscape seems to be strong and well internalized, the differences in documentation and operational risks demonstrate that more effective monitoring, digital record keeping, improved security options, and capacity-related regulatory backing are required. This research concludes that appropriate biomedical waste management is not only about adherence to statutory standards but also long-term institutional responsibility in enforcing the rules and regulations of environmental protection and good health.

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Keywords - Biomedical Waste Management; Hospital Compliance; Environmental Governance; Record Maintenance; COVID-19 Waste Regulation.

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Abstract: Seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is a critical aspect of earthquake-resistant design, especially in seismically active regions. Traditional linear analysis methods often fail to capture the complex nonlinear behavior of structures subjected to strong ground motions. This study presents a detailed seismic performance assessment of RC buildings using nonlinear time history analysis (NLTHA). The nonlinear behavior of structural components such as beams, columns, and beam-column joints is modeled to account for material inelasticity and stiffness degradation. Real earthquake ground motion records are applied to the structural model to simulate realistic seismic loading conditions. The dynamic response parameters, including storey displacement, inter-storey drift, base shear, and energy dissipation, and are evaluated. Performance levels such as Immediate Occupancy, Life Safety, and Collapse Prevention are assessed in accordance with performance-based seismic design guidelines. The influence of higher-mode effects and ground motion characteristics on structural response is also investigated. The results demonstrate that nonlinear time history analysis provides a more accurate and reliable prediction of seismic behavior compared to linear methods. The study highlights critical structural vulnerabilities and identifies potential failure mechanisms under severe earthquakes. The findings emphasize the importance of nonlinear analysis in seismic performance evaluation and retrofitting decisions. Overall, the proposed approach contributes to safer and more resilient RC building design.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Index Terms - Seismic Performance, Reinforced Concrete (RC) Buildings, Nonlinear Time History Analysis, Earthquake Ground Motion, Structural Response, Storey Drift, Base Shear, Plastic Hinge Formation, Performance-Based Seismic Design, Damage Evaluation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition