Volume 6 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is currently a very significant area of Natural Language Processing (NLP) owing to the constant increase in the amount of text-based online communication on social networking sites, review websites, discussion forums, and news sources. The widespread rise of web communication has thus necessitated increasingly strong systems able to extract subjectivity from text in order to capture opinions, feelings, and attitudes. This review of literature provides a comprehensive overview of the emergence and evolution of sentiment analysis methods, with a focus on three major pillars: datasets, tools and libraries, and evaluation metrics. It discusses prominent corpora used, compares performance metrics, and introduces the tools and frameworks that have enabled sentiment classification implementation. In addition, the review highlights emerging trends like the combination of deep learning and transfer learning and highlights important challenges and considerations for future work, including multilingual analysis, sarcasm detection, and model interpretability. The literature review is a detailed overview of sentiment analysis studies, highlighting datasets, tools, and evaluation metrics. The article canvases major methodologies, benchmark corpora, and relative results, and provides a snapshot overview of developments in the field over this timespan.

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 Keywords

Sentiment Analysis, Natural Language Processing, Datasets, Tools, Libraries, Evaluation Metrics, Deep Learning, Transfer Learning, Multilingual Analysis, Sarcasm Detection, Model Interpretability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The novel's realism developed in Britain in the 19th century as a result of rising literacy and cultural awareness. Realist writing in the 17th and 18th century was limited to a small number of authors, such Afra Bhen, Daniel Defoe, Richardson, and fielding. Abrams noted in his book "A Glossary of Literary Terms (1899)" that a number of nineteenth-century novelists, such as George Eliot, William Dean, and de Balzac, adopted realism. Realists perceive things as they actually are, as opposed to romanticism, which sees life as it appears to be. Realisticism tackles human existence and experience, whereas romanticism focuses on feelings and ideas. The goal of realist writing is to establish a connection between the writer and the reader, and a skillful use of reality is all that is required. Novelists with a creative bent are those who can distinguish between literary realism and reality, and who also have superior writing techniques. The novel's realism can be evaluated based on how it continues to impact the readers. Williams (1958) introduced a novel concept in realism during the 20th century, contending those novels written in the 17th and 18th centuries, like Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Behn's Oroonoko (1688), adopted traditional techniques when applying realism, relying on sparse observations and limited records. As a result, the realistic flavor of these books fades quickly. Additionally, he says that novels created in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been treasured and preserved. This study examines how much Hardy's "Tess of the D'Urbervilles (2005)" adheres to Williams' (1961) idea of New Realism.

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 Keywords

Realism, Society, Thomas Hardy, Williams, Social Problems and discrimination

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Every poet writes poetry in a different way. The ideas and twofold aim in Robert Frost's poetry are the main theme of this article. According to his theory, poetry demonstrates the union of passion and thought. The poet's mind is infused with a blend of passion and thought. According to his theory, poetry serves two functions. It is joy and knowledge. His poem starts off joyfully and ends wisely. Robert Frost's conception addresses his whole outlook on life. According to Frost, the cosmos is nearly chaotic to us. He may discover important concepts by overcoming obstacles in the cosmos, which is a confusing place. Robert Frost shapes it into a poem. His poetry's depiction of rural life is simple to understand.

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 Keywords

Joy, Knowledge, realism etc.

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Bhaskara I, a brilliant mathematician and astronomer of 7th-century of ancient India. He stands as a towering figure in the history of mathematics. His profound insights and innovative contributions have left an indelible mark on the field, shaping the course of mathematical thought for centuries to come. This article delves into the life, works, and enduring legacy of this remarkable scholar. Bhaskara I. The 7th Century Indian Mathematician and Astronomer Bhaskara I, also known as Bhaskara charya or Bhaskara the First, was a brilliant Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is considered one of the most influential mathematicians of his time and a pioneer in the field of mathematics and astronomy.

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 Keywords

Brilliant , Innovation, Contribution, Indelible, Remarkable.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Using online resources to advertise a business and its goods or services in order to create leads, boost traffic, and boost sales is known as internet marketing. Digital marketing, often known as online marketing, disseminates ads and promotional messages via digital channels. What makes marketing so crucial? Every business must use marketing tactics to: boost sales, define goods or services, establish relationships with new partners or collaborators, acquire new clients, cultivate client loyalty, establish a brand, and use the media to expand internationally.

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 Keywords

Online Marketing, Local Marketing, Business.

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India is the largest democratic nation with a huge population. India shows progress in all the fields like Science and Technology, Trade, Education, Sports, Industries etc., Indian economic scene has been divided into two phases (i.e) 1947 to 1991 as first phase, from 1991 as second phase. After the implementation of Industrial policy1991, there have been many remarkable changes from consumers' point of view. Due to the introduction of LPG in our industrial policy, consumer is able to consume a wide variety of products at different price ranges. This has added a new dimension to Indian market scene and thus has shifted the scene in favour of consumer. Consumers are exploited or cheated in many forms like under weight and under measurement of product. The trader/ producer induce the consumer to buy the product through deceptive advertisement. Selling inferior quality product or substandard product, adulterated food product, these are very serious problem, because it affects the health of human resource. In the haste of profit traders are selling the banned and expired product and denying the warranty and guarantee, variants in contents of packs, inadequate labeling, selling the product at an exorbitant price, creating artificial scarcity etc, are the different forms of exploitation prevailing in Indian retail market. In this context, studying the causes and remedial measures for consumer exploitation becomes significant in further development of consumerism. This study will bring valuable results to overcome the consumer exploitation in organized retail sector.

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consumer exploitation, organized retailing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This letter presents the design of Square Shaped MIMO Microstrip line feed patch antenna and their 2x1 MIMO implementation for Bluetooth, 4G LTE, WLAN, and WiMAX applications. The proposed antenna consists of modified square shaped patch and microstrip feed line on one side of the substrate, other side on which some rectangular defective ground structure. The proposed antenna in this letter offers improved directivity, bandwidth, and return loss characteristics. The antenna system operates four frequency ranges such as 7.14-7.42GHz, 7.6-8.2GHz, 8.2-8.6GHz, 9.8-10.2GHz frequencies for VSWR<=2. A study was performed to implement in 2x1 MIMO arrangements on the same circuit space have Better mutual coupling and better envelope correlation coefficient are achieved.

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 Keywords

: Multiple Input Multiple Outputs (MIMO); Wireless Local Area Networks; Long Term Evolution; Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access.

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One of the most celebrated poets of Kannada literature, Kuvempu has profoundly influenced the literary world with his exploration of universal human emotions. In many of the themes present in his works, love stands as a central motif, transcending the boundaries of romantic love to encompass love for humanity, nature, and life. This research paper examines how Kuvempu's poems depict love not only as a personal experience but also as a transformative force that connects individuals to the larger world. Through an analysis of his works, this paper explores the various dimensions of love in Kuvempu's poetry - love for self, love for others, love for nature, and the divine. By examining key poems and understanding the philosophical underpinnings of Kuvempu's expression of love, this study sheds light on his literary contribution to the expression of profound human values and his advocacy for an inclusive, harmonious world.

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 Keywords

Kuvempu, Love in Poetry, Kannada Literature, Human Emotions Universal Love, Nature in Poetry, Love for Humanity, Romance, Philosophy of Love, Divine Love

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Metal is cold-and hot-formed to make technical parts in the industrial sector. The condition of the dies used in these manufacturing procedures is one of the factors that establish the surface quality of engineering components. Tribological activities at the die-component contact have a significant impact on the surface finish of engineering components. The surface finish of the products is affected by lubrication, the form of the die, and the hardness of the die surface. This study used a pin-on-plate sliding tester to determine how surface shape, lubrication, and hardness impact the tribological behavior-defining coefficient of friction and transfer layer transfer. The morphology of mild steel (EN8) plate surfaces was altered using three separate surface modification techniques: shot blasting, electric discharge machining, and grinding (silicon carbide wheel polishing). The surface roughness parameters that characterize the morphology of the steel plates were measured using a three-dimensional optical profilometer. We probe the function of hardness by pushing lead, copper, and aluminum (Al6082) pins over steel plates. The studies were conducted using plate inclination angles of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 degrees. Throughout the trials, the standard load was varied between 1 and 150N. The trials were conducted in a lubricated, ambient environment. Surfaces of plates and pins were studied for the formation of transfer layers using a scanning electron microscope. It was shown that the contour of the lubricated harder surface influenced both the friction coefficient and the formation of the transfer layer. The formation of transfer layers on surfaces is seen to grow as the surface roughness rises.

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 Keywords

Surface Morphology, Transfer Layers, Lubricated Environments, Tribological Behaviour, coefficient of friction.

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Image segmentation is an important preprocessing operation in image recognition and computer vision. This paper proposes an adaptive K-means image segmentation method, which generates accurate segmentation results with simple operation and avoids the interactive input of K value. This method transforms the color space of images into LAB color space firstly. And the value of luminance components is set to a particular value, in order to reduce the effect of light on image segmentation. Then, the equivalent relation between K values and the number of connected domains after setting threshold is used to segment the image adaptively. After morphological processing, maximum connected domain extraction and matching with the original image, the final segmentation results are obtained. Experiments proof that the method proposed in this paper is not only simple but also accurate and effective.

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 Keywords

Image segmentation, Adaptive K-means, Clustering analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition