Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The present study investigates the relationship between feminist beliefs and women's willingness to engage in low-prestige male-dominated occupations. While feminist ideology promotes gender equality across occupational domains, women remain underrepresented in physically demanding and socially undervalued roles. A quantitative correlational design was employed with a sample of 120 women aged 18-50 years. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing feminist beliefs, occupational willingness, and perceived barriers. Statistical analysis revealed high levels of feminist beliefs (M = 4.23, SD = 0.65) and occupational willingness (M = 4.29, SD = 0.48), with a strong positive correlation (r = .75, p < .01). However, perceived barriers (M = 4.11, SD = 0.61), including safety concerns and social stigma, remained significant. The findings highlight a gap between ideological support for equality and actual occupational participation. Implications for policy, career counseling, and workplace inclusivity are discussed.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

feminist beliefs, occupational willingness, gender roles, perceived barriers

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The requirement for safe and transparent election systems has significantly increased with the development of digital technologies. Although electronic voting provides ease and speed in the generation of election results, the existing voting systems are struggling with issues such as central control, vote tampering, lack of transparency, and privacy violations. In this context, this paper presents the Blockchain-Based Secure E-Voting System with Voter Privacy. The proposed system utilizes the blockchain technology to create a decentralized environment for safe vote recording and verification. The system uses smart contracts to perform various election-related activities such as voter validation, vote submission, detection of duplicate votes, and result declaration. In addition, the proposed system ensures the privacy of voters by utilizing various cryptographic methods such as public and private key encryption. The experimental evaluation of the proposed system with simulated election data demonstrates the accuracy of the system in authentication, vote validation, duplicate vote detection, and result verification. The proposed framework is highly effective in academic institutions and organizations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, E-Voting, Voter Privacy, Smart Contract, Cryptography, Secure Election, Decentralized Voting.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The present survey was taken up to document the grass diversity in the college campus which shares its landscape with the Western Ghats. Grasses are the important flowering plants, under the family Poaceae and form the fourth largest group of flowering plants, but its minute morphological features make it difficult in their identification. Most literature focuses the documentation, diversity and taxonomic studies of dicotyledonous plants in the Western Ghats as compared to some study on monocotyledonous plants. Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa College, Madikeri, Kodagu is the oldest premier institution of higher education in the hilly district of Kodagu in Karnataka state. It is built up in an area of 14,089.41 sq mts, comprise semi-managed grassland patches dominated by variety of grass species.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Documentation, F.M.K.M.C. College, Grasses, Kodagu, Poaceae.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Kabaddi matches, championships and tournaments, essentially at the local and grass-root level, there are limited as well as manual scoring and no live score management systems, due to which there can occur less accessibility for viewers to actually view the scores, less efficient co-ordination between the organizers and may occur delays for match updates. Thus, there is a lack of a digital infrastructure which also caters the ability to maintain a centralized player information, events ledger and scoring mechanism for kabaddi at the grass-root level. As the popularity of Kabaddi is growing, there is a requirement of a scalable digital platform which will be able to manage the live scoring and its broadcasting for the events of kabaddi including matches, tournaments and championships for frequent match updates. This paper represents our platform RAIDX, which is a real-time Kabaddi live scoring and score broadcasting platform for all kabaddi events including the tournament and championships which is designed using the event-driven architecture. The proposed system designed utilizes the scorers having the organizer role to record the various events occurring in the match per raid, which is then updated to the backend server which is implemented in Golang using a persistent WebSocket connection. Those match events are processed by the match event engine at the backend that updates the match score data instantly and streams it to all the connected viewer connections. This robust infrastructure is implemented using the Fiber framework using the Redis as in-memory cache to accommodate the high frequency match updates. The persistent tournament, or championship data, including the player accounts, team information, fixtures and invites are stored using MongoDB. For secure and scalable user management, the current design involves the hybrid mechanism including the JSON Web Token (JWT) with server-side session tracking, to allow the device-based session management (by controlling and revoking access). Also, there is an implementation of the Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) model that manages the different user roles including the organizers, team owners and players with viewers as the default role for all the mentioned roles. The system is also incorporated with the invitation framework which supports both direct as well as the token-based invite links for both team and match event invites. The proposed system architecture determines how a scalable sports event management platform can be implemented combining the application of both the modern web technologies as well as real-time communication protocols. The RAIDX system improves tournament coordination, enhances the viewer engagement by quick score updates, and providing a structured digital ecosystem for managing Kabaddi competitions.

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 Keywords

Kabaddi Digitization, Real-Time Sports Streaming, Event-Driven Architecture, WebSocket Communication, Redis Runtime State Management, NoSQL Databases, Low-Latency Broadcasting, Tournament Management Systems, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), Scalable Web Architecture, Match Data Archiving, Player Performance Analytics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital knowledge work is increasingly performed inside the same browser environment that also hosts high-frequency leisure platforms, social feeds, and streaming services. Prior studies on interruption, self-interruption, and media multitasking indicate that context switching can impose a substantial productivity cost, with project evidence estimating up to 40 percent output loss during unmanaged digital work. Existing tools address only fragments of the problem: static blockers impose binary denial, passive trackers generate retrospective awareness without enforcement, and gamification systems often reward intention rather than verified work. This paper presents TFI Master V12, a Chrome Manifest V3 browser extension that implements a privacy-preserving Work-to-Social economy governed by a strict 4:1 work-to-leisure ratio. The system introduces Active Trace Technology, in which keyboard events contribute 5 points, mouse events contribute 1 point, and a pulse buffer validates genuine user presence before productive time is credited. A browser-local ledger stored in chrome.storage.local is updated by an Economy Engine finite state machine running in an MV3 service worker through Chrome Alarms. When leisure balance is exhausted, a tamper-resistant lockdown overlay with z-index 2147483647 and MutationObserver re-injection is injected into social domains. Benchmarks show average memory consumption below 30 MB, negligible CPU impact during one-second ticks, and user trials indicating a 35 percent increase in sustained focus periods. The results show that verified productivity management can be enforced locally without cloud surveillance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Active Trace Technology, browser extension, Chrome Manifest V3, digital wellness, privacy-preserving monitoring, productivity management, work-to-leisure economy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Acne is a common skin problem caused by excess oil production, bacterial growth, and inflammation. Herbal formulations are increasingly preferred in skincare because they are natural and generally produce fewer side effects. The present study focuses on the preparation of a herbal anti-acne serum using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract. Hibiscus flowers contain bioactive compounds such as antioxidants and flavonoids that help reduce inflammation and control excess oil on the skin. The serum was formulated using ingredients like aloe vera gel, glycerin, propylene glycol, and Carbopol 940. The prepared formulation was evaluated for parameters such as pH, appearance, viscosity, spreadability, and stability. The results indicated that the serum had suitable properties for topical application and may be useful for managing acne and improving skin condition.[2]

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ? Herbal Serum Anti-Acne Herbal Cosmetics Phytochemical Extraction Antimicrobial Activity Herbal Formulation Skin Care Natural Ingredients Aloe vera Herbal Drug Delivery Stability Studies Physicochemical Evaluation Topical Formulation Antibacterial Activity

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Efficient patient flow in the Outpatient Department (OPD) is essential for ensuring quality healthcare services and improving patient satisfaction. In multispecialty ophthalmic hospitals, the OPD process involves multiple stages such as registration, preliminary examination, diagnostic procedures, and consultation, which often lead to increased waiting time and operational inefficiencies. Delays at any stage can affect overall service delivery and create dissatisfaction among patients. This study aims to analyze patient flow in the OPD using a time-motion approach to identify bottlenecks and suggest improvements in service delivery. The research focuses on measuring the time spent by patients at various stages of their visit and examining the sequence of activities involved in the care process. Data is collected through direct observation and hospital records, capturing key time points such as registration time, waiting time, workup duration, and consultation time. The analysis helps in identifying stages where delays are most frequent and understanding the factors contributing to these inefficiencies, such as uneven patient arrival, limited staffing, and process-related issues. Based on the findings, the study proposes practical recommendations to optimize workflow, improve resource utilization, and reduce waiting time without requiring major infrastructural changes. The study highlights the importance of systematic process evaluation in healthcare settings and demonstrates how time-motion analysis can be used as an effective tool for improving operational efficiency. By addressing bottlenecks in patient flow, hospitals can enhance patient experience, reduce overcrowding, and deliver more organized and timely care in ophthalmic OPD settings.

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 Keywords

: Time-Motion Study, Patient Flow Analysis, Outpatient Department (OPD), Waiting Time, Bottleneck Identification, Healthcare Operations Management, Service Delivery Efficiency, Ophthalmic Hospital Workflow Optimization, Patient Satisfaction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Ganjifa cards constitute a significant corpus within Indian traditional visual culture, embodying a synthesis of painting, narrative representation, and artisanal knowledge systems. As hand-painted artifacts, they encapsulate historical, mythological, and regional identities, evolving from their origins in the Mughal period into diverse stylistic traditions, including Mysore Ganjifa, Sawantwadi Ganjifa, and Ganjapa. This study undertakes a critical style analysis of Ganjifa cards to examine their potential applicability within contemporary fashion design. Emphasis is placed on the examination of formal visual elements, including motif construction, chromatic intensity, compositional symmetry, ornamental framing devices, and narrative illustration. The distinctive circular format of Ganjifa cards introduces an alternative spatial logic that challenges conventional linear design paradigms prevalent in Western visual systems. Historically produced using layered substrates and natural pigments, Ganjifa cards predominantly depict mythological narratives such as the Dashavatara. Despite their decline following the industrial proliferation of printed playing cards, recent revival initiatives have recontextualized Ganjifa within discourses of heritage conservation and sustainable design. The research positions Ganjifa as a viable visual and conceptual resource for contemporary fashion practices, arguing for its relevance within frameworks of cultural sustainability, design innovation, and interdisciplinary adaptation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

GANJIFA CARDS, STYLE ANALYSIS, TRADITIONAL ART, FASHION DESIGN, MOTIFS, CULTURAL HERITAGE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of Dalit identity formation in Karukku, Sangati, and Vanmam by Bama, situating these works within the intellectual frameworks of Dalit feminism and anti-caste thought. Drawing upon the theoretical insights of B. R. Ambedkar and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, the paper argues that Bama reconfigures Dalit identity from a position of imposed marginality to a site of embodied resistance and collective agency. Through sustained textual analysis, it demonstrates how caste is inscribed on the Dalit body through everyday practices of labor, segregation, and ritual humiliation, while gender intensifies this inscription for Dalit women. At the same time, Bama's narrative strategies--particularly her use of oral storytelling, non-linear form, and colloquial language--construct a collective subaltern voice that challenges dominant literary paradigms. The study contends that Bama's works do not merely represent Dalit life but actively produce a counter-discourse that transforms identity into a dynamic and politically transformative process.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dalit identity; caste; Dalit feminism; embodiment; subaltern voice; collective agency; Tamil literature

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition