Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Heart-related diseases require continuous monitoring and early detection to minimize health risks and improve patient outcomes. This project focuses on the design and development of a portable ECG monitoring system capable of recording cardiac electrical activity in real time. A compact and low-power hardware setup is used to acquire ECG signals, enabling convenient and reliable data collection outside clinical environments. The recorded ECG data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning model, which extracts relevant cardiac features and classifies the heart condition as normal or abnormal. By automating ECG interpretation, the system provides a rapid initial assessment of cardiac health, reducing dependency on manual analysis. The proposed approach aims to deliver an affordable, user-friendly, and intelligent heart monitoring solution suitable for early diagnosis and remote healthcare applications.

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 Keywords

Electrocardiogram (ECG), Portable ECG Monitoring System, Real-Time Monitoring, Low-Power Hardware, Signal Acquisition, ECG Signal Processing, Machine Learning, Feature Extraction, Classification, Automated ECG Interpretation, Early Diagnosis, Remote Healthcare, Intelligent Health Monitoring, Wearable Medical Device.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), such as telmisartan, are frequently given to treat cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Telmisartan, which is categorized as Class II in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), has limited oral bioavailability and poor aqueous solubility despite its therapeutic potential. It is difficult to achieve consistent treatment efficacy because of these pharmacokinetic restrictions. Drug delivery systems based on nanocrystals have emerged as a viable solution to solubility-related problems as a result of recent developments in nanotechnology. Because of their large surface area and sub-micron particle size, nanocrystals greatly speed up the rate of dissolution and gastrointestinal absorption. The use of nanocrystal technology to increase Telmisartan's oral bioavailability is examined critically in this article. It covers a range of preparation processes, including as milling, precipitation, and high-pressure homogenization, as well as stabilization and characterization techniques. Furthermore, the review highlights recent in vitro and in vivo findings supporting the improved pharmacokinetic performance of Telmisartan nanocrystals. Incorporating nanocrystal formulation enhances drug absorption and presents opportunities for dose reduction and improved patient adherence. All things considered, this novel strategy marks a substantial breakthrough in the oral administration of poorly soluble hypertension medications such as Telmisartan.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Telmisartan, nanocrystals, oral bioavailability, poorly soluble drugs nanotechnology,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Microglia are a key and spatially regulated component of the complicated neuroinflammatory process that causes retinal degeneration. Retinal microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system that show significant regional variation. Their distinct morphologies, migration processes and signal programs are controlled by local retinal micro environments. New studies indicate that the arrangement of microglia within specific layers in the retina can have a major effect on their output functions that may be chronic neurotoxicity in the pathology or synaptic reliance and clearance of debris under normal conditions. Microglia migrate specifically from synaptic layers into neuronal compartments like the outer nuclear layer during degenerative conditions, where ongoing activation intensifies inflammatory cascades and speeds up photoreceptor loss. This review summarizes recent discoveries that connect pathogenic signaling pathways, such as NF-?B activation, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, purinergic P2X7 receptor activation, complement-mediated synapse elimination, oxidative stress pathways, and dysregulated CX3CL1-CX3CR1 and TREM2 signaling, to microglial spatial identity. We also investigate the convergence of these pathways in key retinal degenerative illnesses, including as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and Stargardt disease. Lastly, we address new treatment techniques that take advantage of microglial regional specificity, emphasizing targeted intranasal and intravitreal delivery methods, exosome-mediated immunomodulation, and dendrimer-based nanomedicine. A fundamental assumption for precision immunotherapy that aims to minimize associated neuroinflammation while maintaining retinal structure and function is provided by an understanding of how microglial location controls lesion formation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Retinal microglia, chronic neurotoxicity, IPL, OPL, Photoreceptor loss, Signaling pathways, Targeted-intranasal, intravitreal, exosome, dentrimers, neuroinflammation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Online shopping platforms, or e-commerce websites, are bustling hubs where customers place orders, businesses track inventory, and payments are processed--all at lightning speed, especially during peak times like festive sales. Managing these tasks efficiently requires a system that's fast, reliable, and doesn't break the bank. This research introduces a serverless workflow management system designed specifically for e-commerce, built using powerful tools from Amazon Web Services (AWS). In a serverless setup, the cloud provider--here, AWS--takes care of all the heavy lifting, like managing servers, so developers can focus on creating smooth workflows for tasks like order processing, inventory updates, and payment handling [1]. We use AWS Lambda, which runs small pieces of code to perform specific tasks, Amazon DynamoDB, a flexible database to store order and inventory data, and AWS EventBridge, a tool that acts like a central coordinator, ensuring tasks happen in the right order when events occur, such as a customer clicking "Buy Now" [3, 5]. The goal is to create a system that can handle thousands of orders at once without slowing down, save costs by only charging for the resources used, and stay reliable even under pressure [2]. We tested the system by simulating heavy traffic, like what you'd see during a major sale, to confirm it scales well and performs reliably [6]. The results show a system that's not only fast and cost-effective but also resilient, making it ideal for modern e-commerce businesses. This work follows the ISO/IEC 17788 standard, which defines how cloud computing should work [7], and the AWS Well-Architected Framework, a set of guidelines to build dependable serverless systems [6]. By leveraging serverless technology, this research offers a practical, scalable solution that can help e-commerce platforms thrive in a competitive digital world, reducing operational headaches and paving the way for future innovations [8].

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Serverless Computing, E-Commerce, AWS Lambda, Event-Driven Architecture, Scalability Serverless architecture, Resilient systems, Cloud-native solutions, Performance testing, Scalable infrastructure, Digital commerce innovation, Cold Start Latency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract Thestudy investigates the phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory efficacy of an ointment formulated from Clitoriaternatea (Blue Pea) flower extract for the management of mild dermatitis. Blue Pea flowers are traditionally recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and skin-soothing properties, primarily attributed to bioactive constituents such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic compounds and quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and also in-vitro antioxidant activities were estimated. In this project, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the flowers were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening to identify major secondary metabolites relevant to inflammation modulation. An ointment formulation incorporating the optimized extract concentration was prepared using a standard hydrophilic base. The formulated ointment was evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, spreadability, stability, and homogeneity. Its anti-inflammatory potential was assessed using in-vitro assays such as protein denaturation inhibition. In addition, a comparative evaluation was performed between our formulated anti inflammatory ointment and several commercially available anti inflammatory products. The results showed that our ointment exhibits comparable anti inflammatory efficacy while relying solely on natural ingredients and avoiding the harsher synthetic chemicals and additives commonly present in market formulations. This suggests that the developed ointment may offer a safer, more biocompatible alternative without compromising therapeutic performance. The results of the study are expected to demonstrate that Blue Pea flower extract shows significant phytochemical richness and confers measurable anti-inflammatory activity suitable for topical use. This research supports the potential development of a natural, plant-based therapeutic alternative for treating mild dermatitis, insect bite irritation, and localized skin inflammation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords:Clitoriaternatea, Anthocyanins, Phytochemical analysis, Anti-inflammatory activity, Total phenolic content (TPC), Total flavonoid content (TFC), Ointment formulation, Topical anti-inflammatory agent.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Neuromarketing has become an important area in modern marketing because it helps businesses understand how consumers react to advertisements, brands, and products at both emotional and psychological levels. It combines concepts from neuroscience, psychology, and marketing to identify the hidden factors that influence consumer buying behaviour. The present study examines consumers' behavioural intention towards neuromarketing techniques. It focuses on how emotional appeal, sensory elements, visual attraction, and brand-related stimuli affect consumer responses and purchase intention. The study also considers the ethical concerns associated with the use of neuromarketing in business practices. The findings reveal that neuromarketing techniques have a noticeable influence on consumer attention, brand preference, and purchase intention. At the same time, some consumers show concern regarding the ethical use of such techniques. The study concludes that neuromarketing can positively influence behavioural intention when applied in a responsible and consumer-friendly manner.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Neuromarketing, Consumer Behaviour, Behavioural Intention, Purchase Intention, Emotional Appeal, Sensory Marketing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The attainment of independent mobility for visually impaired individuals remains one of the most significant sociological and technical challenges in contemporary India, where the complexity of urban infrastructure often renders traditional navigational aids insufficient. This research proposes the design and implementation of an intelligent embedded vision system, specifically optimized for the Indian socio-economic and infrastructural landscape. The system, titled "Bharat-Assist," utilizes the ESP32-CAM microcontroller as a primary edge computing node to perform real-time object detection and obstacle avoidance without the prohibitive latency and reliability issues associated with cloud-based processing. By integrating lightweight deep learning models, specifically quantized versions of SSD-MobileNet and TensorFlow Lite Micro, the system provides semantic environmental awareness through bone conduction audio feedback. This methodology preserves the user's critical auditory situational awareness while providing high-fidelity guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that the localized edge processing architecture reduces end-to-end latency to approximately 860 ms, a significant improvement over cloud-dependent models that exhibit latencies exceeding 6.8 seconds in bandwidth-constrained Indian environments. Furthermore, the system is designed for affordability, with a total estimated bill of materials between INR3,500 and INR5,000, ensuring scalability in low-resource settings. Real-world testing in multifunctional Indian streets reveals a robust detection accuracy of 91.1% for common urban obstacles. The integration of IoT capabilities further enables periodic telemetry for caregiver monitoring, while maintaining a strict focus on user privacy through on-device inference. This research offers a viable, cost-sensitive alternative to high-end assistive technologies, bridging the gap between advanced computer vision and practical, everyday utility for the visually impaired community in India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Edge Computing, Embedded Vision, ESP32-CAM, IoT, Assistive Technology, Computer Vision, TinyML, Indian Urban Infrastructure, SSD-MobileNet, Visual Impairment Navigation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Background: Chronic bronchitis is a major component of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and is strongly associated with long-term smoking. Smoking cessation is the most effective intervention to slow disease progression. However, knowledge and attitude toward smoking cessation among patients remain inadequate in many settings. Objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge regarding smoking cessation among chronic bronchitis patients. 2. To assess the attitude toward smoking cessation among chronic bronchitis patients. 3. To determine the association between knowledge and attitude scores with selected demographic variables. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 chronic bronchitis patients in selected hospitals of Indore, Madhya Pradesh. A structured knowledge questionnaire and Likert attitude scale were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The findings revealed that 58% of patients had moderate knowledge, 28% had inadequate knowledge, and 14% had adequate knowledge. Regarding attitude, 62% showed a favorable attitude, 25% moderately favorable, and 13% unfavorable attitude. A significant association was found between knowledge and education level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that although patients have a moderately favorable attitude toward smoking cessation, knowledge levels remain insufficient. Structured educational interventions are recommended.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Chronic bronchitis, Smoking cessation, Knowledge, Attitude, COPD

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A 60 years old female had a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength. She has been given hand held dynamo meter and SARC-F questioner through which she had been diagnosed as Sarcopenia. She underwent 12 weeks of resistance training program.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sarcopenia, muscle mass, resistance training.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth, industrial modernization, and global integration in developing economies. This study examines the implications of FDI in three key sectors -- Agro and Food Processing, Manufacturing, and Infrastructure Using financial tools including ratio analysis, DuPont analysis, and trend analysis over five financial years (2020-21 to 2024-25), the study evaluates the impact of foreign capital on profitability, liquidity, solvency, and overall financial performance. Key findings reveal consistent profitability (net profit margin ~12%), strong liquidity improvement (current ratio 2.33 to 6.59), declining leverage (D/E ratio 0.47 to 0.16), and growing shareholder equity (trend 100 to 207.62). The study concludes that well-directed FDI, supported by professional financial advisory, enhances long-term sustainability and competitiveness, while urging attention to declining ROI (33.38% to 23.53%) and asset utilization efficiency.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Foreign Direct Investment, FDI Implications, Financial Performance, Ratio Analysis, DuPont Analysis, Trend Analysis, Agro Processing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition