Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century, requiring urgent collective action. Climate journalism has emerged as a crucial medium for communicating scientific knowledge, influencing public perception, and promoting sustainable behavior. This paper examines the role of climate journalism in raising public awareness, shaping attitudes, influencing policy discourse, and overcoming misinformation. Using a qualitative review of existing literature, the study highlights how media framing, storytelling, and investigative reporting contribute to environmental consciousness and civic engagement. The paper also discusses challenges such as misinformation, political pressures, and resource limitations, concluding with recommendations for strengthening climate journalism.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Climate journalism, Media framing, Climate awareness , Misinformation

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Concept Attainment Model (CAM) is an inductive teaching strategy that significantly improves student learning in geometry compared to conventional teaching methods by engaging students in identifying attributes and forming hypotheses, leading to higher-order critical thinking and better retention of learning. It facilitates the understanding of abstract geometric concepts by using examples and non-examples, enhancing student engagement and academic outcomes, particularly at the upper primary level. By shifting from rote memorization to a structured inquiry process, the model helps students understand complex spatial relationships and abstract geometric definitions more effectively than the conventional teaching methods. This teaching model (CAM) turns geometry from a static subject into a dynamic, creative, and student-centered inquiry process. The main objective of the study was to find out the impact of the Concept Attainment Model on students' academic achievement in geometry at the upper primary level. A quasi-experimental design was employed for this study. The study was carried out in the district of Purba Bardhaman. A total 190 students of Class VIII were selected as a sample through a random sampling technique. The students were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The results of the study showed that students taught through CAM performed better in geometry than those taught through conventional methods.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Concept Attainment Model, Spatial-visualization, Academic Achievement, Geometry, Upper Primary Level

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The world faces numerous challenges with regard to ensuring food security, which can be exacerbated by un-predictable climatic conditions and limited resources, thus necessitating more intelligent and sustainable ways of managing agricultural systems. Precision Agriculture (PA) utilizes technology to manage the input of agricultural crops so as to achieve higher crop yields. In PA, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are key technologies in support of using AI and ML to make decisions based on large amounts of data from the field. The purpose of this research project was to provide a complete evaluation of the application of a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) type neural network to predict crop yields, utilizing multi-modal tabular agricultural data representing weather conditions, nutrient content of soils and how farm managers have managed their farms. We designed, implemented and evaluated an MLP model, trained on the multi-modal tabular data mentioned above. Our approach included the application of a systematic grid-search with 5 fold-cross-validation for optimizing the hyper-parameters of the MLP, domain-specific feature engineering for improving the quality of the data, and domain-specific regularization techniques for reducing overfitting and improving generalizability. We used multiple regression metrics, i.e., R-squared (R2), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), to compare the performance of the MLP with five other regression models, i.e., Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Decision Tree Regressor (DTR), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest Regressor (RFR). The experimental results showed that the optimized MLP achieved competitive performance relative to the other regression models; the performance metrics were R2 = 0.89, MAE = 245.32 kg/ha, and RMSE = 312.45 kg/ha. The results also showed that the MLP performed better than the linear regression and decision tree regression models but similarly to the random forest regression model. A thorough ablation study provided further evidence to validate the effectiveness of each of the architectural choices we made in the MLP model. Finally, the permutation-based feature importance analysis validated the alignment of the features selected by the MLP model with those recommended by established agronomic principles. This research study provides a new and important contribution to the current state-of-the- art research literature because it represents the first study to provide a direct head-to-head comparison of foundational neural network architectures (i.e., MLP) and ensemble methods (i.e., RF) to predict crop yields from tabular agricultural data. As such, the results of this study demonstrate that the MLP is a viable, scalable and accessible decision-support tool for precision agriculture applications

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Crop Yield Prediction, Multilayer Perceptron, Neural Networks, Precision Agriculture, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Random Forest, Agricultural Data Analytics, Feature Engineering, Hyperparameter Optimization.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The doctrine of oppression and mismanagement constitutes a critical safeguard within corporate law, designed to protect minority shareholders from the abuse of power by majority stakeholders. While the principle of majority rule is fundamental to corporate governance, its unchecked application can lead to inequitable outcomes, including exclusion, financial prejudice, and erosion of shareholder confidence. The Companies Act, 2013, particularly Sections 241-246, provides a structured mechanism to address such concerns by enabling aggrieved shareholders to seek remedies before the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT). This paper critically examines the legal framework governing oppression and mismanagement in India, analyzing statutory provisions, judicial interpretations, and the role of adjudicatory bodies. It further evaluates the effectiveness of the current regime in balancing corporate autonomy with minority protection. By incorporating comparative insights from jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, the study highlights both strengths and deficiencies in the Indian system. The paper concludes with recommendations aimed at enhancing procedural efficiency, clarifying legal standards, and strengthening corporate governance mechanisms.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Oppression, Mismanagement, Minority Shareholders, Corporate Governance, NCLT, Companies Act, 2013

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Traditional e-learning systems have expanded rapidly with the growth of digital education, yet most platforms continue to rely on sequential, text-centric content delivery that limits user engagement and makes it challenging to understand connections between concepts. As subject matter becomes increasingly complex and interrelated, there is a growing demand for learning systems that support intuitive exploration and structured understanding. This paper introduces a web-based 3D Cognitive Visualization Learning Platform that redefines knowledge interaction by representing concepts as interconnected nodes within a three dimensional environment. Built using technologies such as React and Three.js, the system allows users to navigate and explore conceptual relationships visually, enabling clearer identification of hierarchies, dependencies, and structural patterns. Unlike conventional approaches, the proposed system encourages active participation and enhances cognitive organization through spatial interaction. Experimental evaluation indicates that the platform delivers stable performance while significantly improving user engagement, conceptual clarity, and knowledge retention. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of three dimensional visualization as a powerful enhancement to modern digital learning environments.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

3D Knowledge Visualization, Interactive Learning Systems, React.js Framework, Three.js Rendering, Graph-Based Learning Models, Educational Web Platforms, Spatial Learning Representation, Concept Relationship Mapping, Immersive Learning Interfaces, Data-Driven Education Systems

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

An Alumni Management System plays a pivotal role in connecting past graduates with current students and the institution. This paper, developed using the Python Flask framework with SQLite database, provides a structured and interactive platform for seamless communication and management between colleges, students, and alumni. The system ensures that administrators can monitor and manage all profiles, batches, and branches effectively, enabling them to send targeted communications. Students benefit from browsing and searching alumni profiles based on batch, department, or company, thereby gaining valuable insights and guidance for career growth. Alumni, on the other hand, can interact with students through controlled communication channels, update their profiles after verification, and choose their privacy settings. With robust authentication measures like ERP-based login, email verification, and one-time user verification, the system ensures secure access. This paper bridges the gap between alumni and students, fostering mentorship, collaboration, and networking. Ultimately, it aims to create a sustainable ecosystem where students gain career guidance, alumni contribute back to their alma mater, and colleges maintain a thriving network of professionals connected to their institution.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Alumni Management System, Python Flask Framework, SQLite Database, Authentication and Security, Student-Alumni Networking.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study aims to understand the concept and effectiveness of flexible working hours in improving employee satisfaction, productivity, and work-life balance. The research investigates employees' perceptions, challenges, and benefits associated with flexible work arrangements. Data for this study was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 100 respondents from various professional backgrounds. The findings of this study reveal that flexible working hours contribute positively to employee engagement, motivation, and organizational commitment

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Flexible Working Hours, Work-Life Balance, Employee Productivity, Job Satisfaction.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract: This study presents a spatial analysis of groundwater recharge and extraction patterns across 16 talukas of Nanded district, Maharashtra, for the period 2024-2025. Using taluka-wise data on average annual rainfall, annual extractable groundwater resources, and current groundwater extraction, the study evaluates the Stage of Groundwater Development (SGD) and identifies areas of relative stress and surplus. The analysis follows the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) classification framework, where assessment units are categorized into safe, semi-critical, critical, and over-exploited zones based on the ratio of annual extraction to annual extractable resources. Results indicate that the district as a whole remains in the safe category, with total extraction (38,252.33 HAM) well below total extractable resources (1,18,652.72 HAM), yielding a district-level SGD of approximately 32.2%. However, significant spatial variation exists: Ardhapur (58.93%) and Mudkhed (53.89%) exhibit comparatively higher pressure on local aquifers, while Biloli (11.98%) and Kinwat (23.35%) possess substantial untapped potential. Relatively uniform rainfall across talukas (920-1090 mm) suggests that variations in groundwater availability are governed more by local hydrogeological conditions than by precipitation alone. The findings underscore the need for taluka-specific groundwater governance strategies rather than uniform district-level policies.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Groundwater development, spatial analysis, recharge, extraction, taluka-wise assessment, Nanded district, CGWB, Stage of Groundwater Development

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Fertility is a complex physiological process requiring the coordinated functioning of multiple biological factors. Ayurveda describes this through the concept of Chaturvidha Bhavas--Ritu (timing), Kshetra (reproductive field), Ambu (nutrition), and Beeja (gametes)--as fundamental prerequisites for conception. These are elaborated in Charaka Samhita [1], Sushruta Samhita [2], and Ashtanga Hridaya [3]. This review critically analyzes the anatomical, physiological, and clinical importance of these four factors and correlates them with modern reproductive science. The study emphasizes that impairment in any of these components leads to infertility, highlighting the holistic nature of Ayurvedic reproductive physiology.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Chaturvidha Bhava, Ritu, Kshetra, Ambu, Beeja, Fertility, Ayurveda, Garbhotpatti

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The aging population is rapidly increasing worldwide, leading to a growing number of elderly individuals residing in institutional settings such as old age homes. This study explores the psychosocial problems faced by institutionalized senior citizens, with a focus on emotional, social and psychological well-being. The main objective of the study is to examine the psycho social problems of the senior citizens. The study follows a descriptive research design and is based on primary data collected from 50 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Secondary data was collected from government reports, journals and official sources were also used. The findings reveal that the regular visits from family members, relatives or friends play an important role in the psychological and emotional well-being of elderly individuals living in institutions. social interaction among inmates plays an important role in the psychosocial well-being of institutionalized senior citizens. Regular interaction with other residents may help them share experiences, develop friendships and reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation. family and social visits have a strong emotional and psychological significance for institutionalized elderly individuals. The majority of respondents reported that visits bring happiness and contribute to their well-being, highlighting the importance of maintaining social connections even after moving into institutional care. while a slight majority of institutionalized senior citizens perceive their mental health as satisfactory or good, a substantial proportion experience poor to very poor mental health, highlighting the psychosocial challenges associated with institutional living. The study highlights the importance of supportive social networks, recreational activities and mental health interventions in improving the quality of life of senior citizens in institutional care. It recommends the implementation of psychosocial support programs, regular counselling services and policies that promote active aging and social inclusion. Addressing these challenges is essential to ensure dignity, emotional well-being and holistic care for the elderly population.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

psycho social problems, institutionalization, senior citizens

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition