Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Existence of a section of society has always been at severe stake is termed as marginalized group. The upper caste dominant section has successfully controlled the other section by different ways which resulted their suffocation and loss of identity. The term 'subaltern', as Antonio Gramsci coined, refers to those who are outside of the dominant power structures causing them to remain suppressed and treated inferior and low ranked. The term identifies it the cultural hegemony that leads their inability ever since the colonial times. Their voices were muted and unnoticed in terms of social, political, and economic power. The present research attempts to explore 'the subaltern voices' that indicates the voice of suppressed individuals. Here, this term refers to sociological inability due to certain conquering elements rather than biological. The present research paper incorporates marginalized voices of social and cultural domains in Anosh Irani's Dahanu Road (2011). The novel highlights the history of the relation between the landowning Irani and the Warli tribe. The landowner Zairos Irani gets shocked when he comes to know that Ganpat, a member of the Warli tribe, commits suicide in the chickoo orchard. This offers a portrayal of contemporary India dealing with issues of caste, religion, and socio-economic inequality.

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 Keywords

existence, marginalized, dominant, subaltern voices, cultural hegemony, Warli tribe, social inequality

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Traditional power generation methods, particularly those relying on non-renewable sources, have detrimental environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a pressing need for alternative, eco-friendly power generation techniques. This study explores a novel approach to power generation utilizing manual treadmills. A treadmill's rotating shaft can be connected to a generator, enabling the conversion of human motion into electrical energy. This method is entirely pollution-free and can generate approximately 50-60 watts of power per hour. As an individual walks on the manual treadmill, they exert force on its surface, which causes the treadmill's shaft to rotate. This rotational energy is mechanically coupled to a small DC generator, which produces variable output due to the intermittent nature of the force exerted. To stabilize the output, a charge controller is employed, ensuring a constant supply of power. The generated electricity is stored in a battery for later use. This approach offers a sustainable and innovative solution for small-scale power generation.

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 Keywords

Traditional power generation methods, particularly those relying on non-renewable sources, have detrimental environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a pressing need for alternative, eco-friendly power generation techniques. This study explores a novel approach to power generation utilizing manual treadmills. A treadmill's rotating shaft can be connected to a generator, enabling the conversion of human motion into electrical energy. This method is entirely pollution-free and can generate a

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) plays a crucial role in civil engineering by protecting innovations, structural designs, materials, and construction technologies. With the growing demand for sustainable infrastructure, smart construction, and digitalization, civil engineers are developing new materials, methodologies, and digital tools that require legal protection. This paper explores the various forms of IPR--including patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets--and their applications in civil engineering. It also highlights the role of IPR in emerging fields such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), artificial intelligence (AI)-driven design, and smart infrastructure. The paper further discusses key challenges in enforcing IPR in the construction industry, such as patent disputes, international regulatory differences, and ethical considerations. Finally, future prospects are explored, including the potential of block chain technology in intellectual property management and the impact of open-source engineering.

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 Keywords

(Key Words: Smart Construction, Sustainable Infrastructure, AI, BIM).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Cloud computing is a model used to provide like IT services and resources on demand through Internet. The model offers platform for deployment, convenient access to web services, storage and so on to user or organization to purchase the required services as per their requirements. Load Balancing is a key aspect in the field of cloud computing which works as load distributer among available nodes for processing and avoid the situation in which some node become overloaded while other nodes in network are free or have little work to complete. It is a common issue in cloud computing which affects the performance of the application, Quality of Service (QOS) measures and Service Level Agreement (SLA) document of cloud providers. This Paper presents a literature survey of various existing load balancing methodologies or algorithms in different forms such as static, dynamic, nature inspired in cloud environment which is mainly focused on response time, virtual machine costing, fault tolerance and throughput. This survey will be beneficial for future researchers to review and compare different types of load balancing algorithm and find the insight to identify research gaps as inspiration for new innovations in the field of load balancing in cloud computing.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Load Balancing, Virtualization, Virtual Machine, Load Balancing Algorithm, Coud Computing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study focuses on evaluating the Levels of Service (LOS) for both vehicles at Abhishek Circle in Mysore, a busy intersection with high traffic and pedestrian activity. Data collection through traffic volume survey and traffic flow analysis is conducted. Key challenges identified include heavy vehicle volumes and traffic delays due to inefficient signal timings. Solutions for improving the intersection include optimizing traffic signal and reorganizing traffic lanes to enhance safety and flow for vehicles by designing the traffic signal which leads to reduction in the accident rates in the intersection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Traffic lanes, Abhishek circle, Vlos, traffic signals, accdient rates

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Clothing serves several essential functions, including protection, identification, and adornment. Among the methods used to enhance fabrics, printing techniques play a significant role, while conventional techniques like screen printing and block printing are still commonly used. Recently, eco-printing has emerged as a contemporary and sustainable technique that utilizes plant materials to create unique colors and patterns on textiles. Mordants, particularly a few Natural Mordants are critical in this process as they enhance and improve color quality with changes in the natural pigment of the flower & leaf and base colour of the fabric, resulting in unexpected results. This study aims to investigate the effects of pre-mordanting and post-mordanting on the color quality, shape, depth, fastness properties, and overall aesthetics of cotton fabrics printed with natural dyes derived from flowers and leaves. Flower and leaf impression printing, also known as floral impressionism or pounding, is an innovative technique that uses the natural shapes and colors of flowers to create unique prints on fabric. This eco-friendly method involves pressing fresh flowers or leaves into cloth, either by hand or using a hammer for the printing press, to transfer their intricate patterns and vibrant hues. As the textile industry faces scrutiny for its significant environmental impact, adopting sustainable practices like flower & leaf impression printing can revolutionize fabric printing and reduce pollution. Few benefits of Natural Printing, which contribute to both environment and Design Aesthetics are 1. Eco-Friendly Process ,2. Sustainable Fabrics,3. Minimal Waste, 4. Unique Aesthetic,5. Promoting Awareness, 6.Innovative.

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 Keywords

1. Eco-Friendly Process ,2. Sustainable Fabrics,3. Minimal Waste, 4. Unique Aesthetic,5. Promoting Awareness, 6.Innovative, 7.Carbon footprint reduction

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

numerous types of cybercrime are organized through the internet.this focuses the phishing attacks the most severe and dangerous cyberattacks on the internet followed by mock sites,to obtain the required data from people in question from other people of marked cybercrimes

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Phishing,cybercrime,mock sites

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In the current era, computer technology has become ubiquitous across diverse domains. The integration of advanced systems, such as artificial intelligence, has introduced novel opportunities, capabilities, and challenges within the educational landscape. AI, through its ability to emulate human cognition in drawing conclusions and making predictions, empowers computer-based tools to offer personalized instruction, assistance, and feedback to both learners and educators. This study explores the influence of AI on education, discussing its key applications and examining the perceived advantages associated with its implementation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ubiquitous, Artificial intelligence, educational landscape, personalized instruction, computer-based tools, human cognition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid growth of Financial Technology (FinTech) has been a key driver in enhancing financial inclusion, particularly in rural India. This study investigates the post-pandemic adoption of digital payments in rural India, focusing on behavioural aspects such as savings, credit access, payment/transaction efficiency, and safety. The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the reliance on digital solutions, yet there is a gap in understanding the behavioural factors influencing the adoption of FinTech in rural areas. This research employs a mixed-method approach, using stratified and convenience sampling methods to select a sample of 400 respondents from rural villages in Gurugram, Srinagar, Pune, and Hyderabad. Structured questionnaires are used to collect data on digital payment usage, socio-economic factors, and perceptions towards digital financial services. The findings highlight that awareness and knowledge (AAK) significantly impact financial inclusion (FI), with a path coefficient of 0.228, followed by safety (SAF) and credit access (CA), both demonstrating positive contributions. The role of payment technology (PAT) was found to have the weakest effect on financial inclusion, indicating that while technological solutions are important, they must be combined with trust and financial literacy to drive meaningful change. The study confirms that the perceived safety of digital transactions plays a critical role in adoption, particularly in rural settings where digital literacy may be lower. The R-squared value of 0.405 suggests that the independent variables (AAK, CA, PAT, SAF, and TIT) collectively explain 40.5% of the variance in financial inclusion. Furthermore, the research shows that perceived safety and trust in technology are significant determinants in the adoption of digital payments, underlining the importance of secure and trusted digital platforms for enhancing financial inclusion. The study contributes to the understanding of how FinTech platforms influence financial inclusion in rural India, offering insights into how awareness, access to credit, safety, and trust shape adoption behaviors. The findings have important policy implications for improving digital payment systems, ensuring their accessibility and safety, and ultimately driving greater financial inclusion in rural India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Awareness, Credit Access, Safety, and Trust in Technology

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens stands as a seminal example of the Bildungsroman--a genre that charts the psychological and moral growth of its protagonist from youth to maturity. This research article examines Pip's evolution from a humble, kind-hearted child into a man confronted with the corrupting influence of wealth and the eventual reclamation of his intrinsic values. Through a close reading of key episodes in the narrative--his initial innocence, the impact of his encounter with Miss Havisham and Estella, his transformation upon inheriting wealth, and the shattering revelation of his benefactor's true identity--the study reveals how Pip's internal journey mirrors broader societal critiques of Victorian class and materialism. This article argues that Pip's maturation is marked not by social ascension but by a deep moral reawakening. Ultimately, Dickens posits that true gentility is a matter of character, rather than wealth or status, challenging the Victorian preoccupation with external markers of success. This paper contributes to the scholarly discourse by framing Pip's journey as a complex interplay between personal transformation and societal critique, emphasizing that the path to self-knowledge and redemption often involves confronting uncomfortable truths about oneself.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Victorian society, materialism, redemption, transformation, revelation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition