Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

India and China's relationship in the 21st century is marked by a constant interplay of rivalry and collaboration. While traditional foreign policy assessments are dominated by economic and military considerations, both countries' diplomatic tactics have been increasingly influenced by soft power. This article examines how India and China have used tools of soft power such as cultural diplomacy, media influence, educational exchanges, and economic interactions. The piece examines the similarities and differences in their approaches through comparative analysis, as well as the effectiveness of these policies in regional and global contexts, and the potential impact of post-pandemic realignments on future relations. In the end, it concludes that soft power is not a cure-all for entrenched conflicts but may create links in a divided geopolitical environment.

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 Keywords

India-China Relations, Soft Power, Cultural Diplomacy, Strategic Communication, Media Influence, Foreign Policy, Comparative Analysis, Regional Influence, Post-pandemic Realignment

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Urinary tract infection is a common bacterial infection known to affect the different parts of urinary tract and the occurrence is found in both males and females. Despite the fact, that both the genders are susceptible to infection, women are mostly vulnerably due to their anatomy and reproductive physiology. The infection is usually caused as a consequence of bacterial invasion of urinary tract including lower and upper urinary tract. Among the bacterial species Esherichia coli account to 80% to 85% of infection. A variety of parameters are related to urinary tract infection which include age, parity, gravidity, pregnancy and association of diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge regarding urinary tract infection among the women of reproductive age group in rural area of Amritsar, Punjab. Investigator selected a sample of 150 women of reproductive age group. Convenient sampling techniques was used to collect sample. A self structured knowledge questionnaire was prepared to assess the level of knowledge regarding urinary tract infection among Women of reproductive age group. The data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that among 150 women of reproductive age group the majority (78%) of women having average knowledge and (16.67%) were having good knowledge and (5.33%) were having poor knowledge. Chi square test was applied to find out the association of knowledge regarding urinary tract infection among women of reproductive age group with respect to socio- demographic variables finding revealed that there was no significant association with socio-demographic variables. Keywords: Urinary tract infection, knowledge.

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Urinary tract infection, Knowledge

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This study explores the application and impact of ISO 9001 quality management systems within Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs) as a framework for promoting good governance. In the context of urban community management, RWAs often struggle with issues such as inconsistent service delivery, lack of transparency, and limited resident engagement. This research examines whether ISO 9001 can address these challenges by introducing standardized procedures, accountability mechanisms, and resident-focused improvements. Using a mixed-methods approach involving surveys, interviews, and document analysis across 10 ISO-certified RWAs, the study evaluates service quality, governance transparency, participation levels, and stakeholder perceptions. Findings reveal that while ISO 9001 has led to moderate improvements in service quality and operational processes, its visibility and perceived impact among residents remain limited due to awareness gaps and underutilized communication channels. The study emphasizes the importance of resident-centric strategies, digital tools, and inclusive engagement to fully realize the transformative potential of ISO 9001 in RWA governance. The insights aim to guide RWA leaders, urban planners, and policymakers toward building more transparent, accountable, and participatory residential communities.

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 Keywords

ISO 9001, Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), good governance, service delivery, transparency, resident engagement, quality management, community participation, urban management, stakeholder perceptions

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Knee osteoarthritis (knee osteoarthritis (KOA)) is among the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases, leading to pain, stiffness, and decreased functional capacity. Among various physiotherapeutic interventions, Mulligan's Mobilization with Movement (MWM) has attracted increasing attention for its active, without pain approach. This narrative review summarizes the evidence supporting MWM in knee osteoarthritis (KOA) rehabilitation, highlighting its effects on pain, function, proprioception, and balance. Recent studies indicate MWM can serve as an effective tool in conservative knee osteoarthritis (KOA) management when used alone or with complementary therapies.

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Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, Mulligan mobilization, MWM, pain, function, proprioception, manual therapy

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Abstract Aim The aim of the study to assess the knowledge and practice in prevention of cervical cancer among women in selected community Objectives of the study 1) To assess the knowledge and practice in prevention of cervical cancer among women 2) Correlate the Knowledge and practice in prevention of cervical cancer among women 3) To find the association between knowledge and Practice in cervical cancer with their selected background variables among women Methodology A descriptive study was conducted in house to house survey was done .Total 50 women selected by Purposive sampling Technique. The knowledge and prevention of cervical cancer was assessed by Self structured questionnaire on cervical cancer, check list questionnaire on practice to know the knowledge and prevention of cervical cancer among women Result 50 women were assessed regarding knowledge and Practice in Prevention of Cervical cancer among Women among 50 respondents 25 (50%) had poor knowledge score. Among 50 respondents 27 (54 %) had poor Practice Score. Karl Pearson's Co-efficient of correlation indicates that there is a positive correlation (r = 0.61) existing between knowledge and Practice in prevention of cervical cancer. There is an association between knowledge and Practice score of the respondents on cervical cancer with age, educational status, Occupation monthly income and Type of family, No of children at 0.01 level of significance. Correlation analysis showed that higher the scores for knowledge, better performance in Prevention of cervical cancer Conclusion The result of the study concluded that there is a need to create awareness about cervical cancer and its prevention among women

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Knowledge, Practice, Prevention, oral cancer, Women, Selected community

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The essential oil derived from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds has garnered considerable interest due to its many pharmacological qualities, such as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. This oil, abundant in bioactive components like flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and conjugated linolenic acids, has significant medicinal promise. Recent improvements in extraction procedures, nanoencapsulation methods, and formulation strategies seek to improve its bioavailability and effectiveness in medicinal applications. Notwithstanding promising preclinical results, obstacles persist in standardization, extensive clinical validation, and molecular investigations to further corroborate its therapeutic efficacy. This study consolidates existing scientific information, underscores developing research trends, and delineates significant research gaps, establishing a basis for future inquiries into the pharmacological and nutraceutical uses of bitter gourd seed essential oil.

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Momordica charantia, essential oil, bioactive compounds, pharmacological properties, clinical applications, nanoencapsulation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Due to their weakness, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may be subject to detrimental effects both physically and remotely. Stated differently, a great deal of applications requiring wireless sensor networks require security. Sensor measurements are used to locate events such as floods and fires. Wireless sensor networks are vulnerable, so it is important to protect the network by detecting when fake data is entered. An algorithm to identify and eliminate malicious network traffic has been developed. The suggested Improved Particle Swarm Intelligence (IPSO) method is applied to multiple datasets in order to assess its performance. A simulator is used to test the algorithm. The study and simulation results show how to identify and remove malicious data from wireless sensor networks. In this project, the simulation of a data injection attack in a WSN achieved an accuracy of 95% using MATLAB.

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WSN, Malicious Data Injection Detection, Prediction, Improved Particle Swarm Intelligence (IPSO).

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Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases worldwide, emphasizing the need for accurate and early diagnosis to improve patient outcomes. This research presents an advanced skin cancer detection frame- work that integrates the Swin Transformer (Shifted Window Transformer) with semantic segmentation techniques for the classification of dermatoscopic images. The Swin Transformer effectively captures hierarchical global features, enabling precise differentiation between melanoma and benign lesions. To enhance the model's generalizability, preprocessing tech- niques such as image resizing, normalization, and augmentation are applied to datasets including HAM10000, ISIC-2008, ISIC- 2019, and PH-2. Furthermore, Explainable AI (XAI) methodolo- gies, including Grad-CAM and Grad-CAM++, are incorporated to provide visual explanations, highlighting crucial regions influ- encing classification decisions. The model's performance is evalu- ated using accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the Dice similarity coefficient, ensuring reliable and interpretable diagnostics. Additionally, Bayesian Optimization is employed for hyperpa- rameter tuning, optimizing model performance while maintaining computational efficiency. This research contributes to the field of AI-driven dermatology by offering a transparent and robust diagnostic tool that assists dermatologists in early melanoma detection. Future enhancements include optimizing the model for real-time edge deployment, expanding datasets to improve generalizability across diverse skin tones, and integrating multi- modal data for enhanced diagnostic accuracy.

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Interpretable Machine Learning, Swin Trans- former, Explainable AI, Skin Lesion Classification, Attention Mechanism, Model Transparency, Performance Metrics.

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Effective post-operative pain management is a critical component of modern surgical care, directly impacting recovery time, patient satisfaction, and overall outcomes. The goal of postoperative pain control is to reduce the negative consequences of postsurgical pain and help the patient transition smoothly back to normal function. Traditionally opioid analgesic therapy has served the mainstay of treatment for postoperative pain. This review explores traditional and emerging strategies in post-operative pain control including pharmacological, regional anaesthesia, and multimodal approaches. It emphasizes patient-centred care and highlights recent innovations and challenges.

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Post-Operative Pain, Analgesia, Multimodal Pain Management, Opioids, Regional Anaesthesia, Enhanced Recovery

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Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) has revolutionized the management of head and neck cancers, offering a minimally invasive approach with enhanced visualization and precision. This study compares the oncologic, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes of TORS with traditional open and endoscopic techniques in patients with oropharyngeal and laryngeal malignancies. Data synthesis from multicenter studies and institutional cohorts reveals favorable surgical margins, reduced morbidity, shorter hospital stays, and improved swallowing function in patients undergoing TORS. However, certain limitations regarding tumor accessibility and cost remain significant. This manuscript discusses the clinical benefits, challenges, and future scope of TORS in the treatment of head and neck cancers.

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Head and neck cancers, particularly oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC), present unique anatomical and functional challenges in surgical oncology. Traditional surgical approaches often compromise speech and swallowing, leading to considerable morbidity. The advent of Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) has enabled surgeons to perform complex resections via the oral cavity, reducing the need for external incisions and improving post-operative outcomes.

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