Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The garments sector in Tirupur District plays a pivotal role in the economic development of the region, contributing significantly to employment generation, export earnings, and industrial growth. This empirical study aims to analyze the financial performance of garment manufacturing units in Tirupur by examining key financial indicators such as profitability, liquidity, solvency, and operational efficiency. The study is based on both primary and secondary data collected from selected garment firms, financial statements, and industry reports over a specific period. Various financial tools and techniques, including ratio analysis, trend analysis, and comparative analysis, have been employed to evaluate the financial health and performance of the sector. The findings reveal that while the Tirupur garments industry demonstrates strong export potential and revenue growth, it also faces challenges such as fluctuating raw material costs, global competition, and compliance with environmental regulations. The study further identifies variations in financial performance among firms based on size, scale of operations, and management efficiency. The research concludes by emphasizing the need for strategic financial planning, cost control measures, and adoption of modern technologies to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in the garments sector. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and investors to make informed decisions regarding the growth and development of the Tirupur garments industry.

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 Keywords

Financial Performance, Garments Sector, Tirupur, Profitability, Liquidity, Solvency, Ratio Analysis, Textile Industry, Export Growth, Industrial Development

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This study Analyses volatility dynamics in India's Nifty 50 index using daily data from July 2011 to February 2026, revealing persistent clustering and distinct high/low volatility regimes via GARCH (1,1), GARCH-X (incorporating crude oil, gold, USDINR), and two-state Markov Switching models. Results show strong volatility persistence (sum ?+? ? 0.98), regime stickiness (transition probabilities 0.94/0.97), and superior tail-risk capture by CVaR over VaR, with defensive sectors (FMCG, Pharma) showing lower downside exposure. Findings advocate regime-adaptive allocation--45% to defensives in high-vol states vs. growth sectors (Banking, IT) in stable periods--for enhanced risk-adjusted returns in emerging markets.

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 Keywords

Indian equity market, Markov Switching, GARCH-X, CVaR, sector allocation, volatility modelling.

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Abstract: The issue of gender-based violence (GBV) remains a widespread and ingrained issue in India, and its impact is the strongest on rural women. As an act of violence against people because of their gender, GBV can be in various forms, such as physical violence, sexual coercion, psychological abuse, verbal harassment, and economic deprivation. Conservative patriarchal beliefs, low rates of education access, and overall economic reliance within the rural Odisha state compound this form of violence, whereby it reduces women to an even more vulnerable state. At home, women are typically trapped in domestic abuse, movement is restricted, and they lack financial autonomy, and externally, they are discriminated, harassed and marginalised. This paper discusses the village of Baniajodi in the Kendujhar District of Odisha, and uses a mixed-methods design that combines quantitative data on the rate of violence with qualitative data on lived experiences. The research will also focus on determining the social, cultural, and economic dynamics that continue to perpetuate GBV and on how it has become normalised in everyday life. By means of critical analysis of these trends, the study not only highlights the extent of violence to which rural women are subjected, but also the dire necessity of preventive measures, community education, and policies to be applied to ensure a more secure, fair and even-handed society.

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 Keywords

Key Words: Gender, Violence, Women, Kendujhar

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The quantum economy represents a transformative shift in global technological and economic landscapes. Driven by advances in quantum computing, sensing, and communication, this emerging paradigm offers unprecedented opportunities for scientific discovery, industrial transformation, and economic diversification. This paper critically examines the evolution of the quantum economy, highlighting its potential across finance, healthcare, energy, and transportation, while addressing the associated challenges of technological readiness, intellectual property management, and equitable adoption. The study proposes strategic frameworks for businesses and policy-makers to navigate this frontier through early adoption, capacity building, and collaborative innovation. Ultimately, the quantum economy is positioned not only as a technological revolution but as a catalyst for sustainable global growth

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 Keywords

uantum economy, quantum computing, quantum sensing, quantum communication, economic diversification, innovation strategy

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This study aims to investigate the biodiversity within the campus of KM Mayawati Government Girls P.G. College, Badalpur, located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district, Uttar Pradesh. The college lies in the northern plains of India and represents a significant ecological zone within the region. The continuous survey was conducted, with the objective of cataloging all plant species present on the college grounds. To carry out this survey, the line-transect method was employed, and observations were made throughout all seasons to ensure comprehensive coverage. A diverse array of shrub and trees, was recorded during the study. In total, 44 plant families encompassing 39 genera were identified across the campus. The selection of KM Mayawati Government Girls P.G. College for this biodiversity assessment was driven by the intent to promote conservation and ecological awareness. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing monitoring and preservation efforts to safeguard the rich biodiversity of the area.

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 Keywords

Biodiversity, Woody flora, College, Campus, Monitoring, Survey.

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Defects in Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) formed during the manufacturing process significantly impact product quality and can compromise the overall performance and reliability of electronic systems. Detecting these minute defects remains a major challenge due to the dense and complex structure of PCBs. To overcome this, the project presents an enhanced deep learning approach using a modified YOLO-based model that combines Hornet, MCBAM, and CARAFE modules. This improved architecture enables more precise and efficient detection of small-scale PCB defects while reducing model complexity and computational requirements. Keywords - Machine Learning (ML), Defect Detection, Machine Vision, Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), YOLOv8.

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 Keywords

Printed Circuit Board (PCB), Fault Detection, Defect Detection, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), PCB Inspection

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 Abstract

India's rapid digital transformation has significantly expanded digital governance infrastructure, financial inclusion mechanisms, and data-driven service delivery systems. However, this expansion has simultaneously increased exposure to cyber vulnerabilities and complex regulatory challenges. Despite the existence of statutory frameworks such as the Information Technology Act, 2000 (as amended) and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, enforcement outcomes remain influenced by institutional capacity, federal coordination structures, and operational readiness. This study adopts a governance-oriented analytical framework to examine the interaction between India's federal institutional architecture and the enforcement effectiveness of cyber law. The paper analyzes enforcement capacity transition, jurisdictional complexity, forensic bottlenecks, and coordination gaps within the decentralized policing structure. It further evaluates organizational compliance obligations and the resulting cyber risk management pressures faced by enterprises operating across multiple jurisdictions. By integrating institutional analysis with corporate governance perspectives, the study identifies a gap between statutory design and operational implementation. The paper proposes a structured reform framework emphasizing cooperative federal coordination, standardized enforcement protocols, institutional capacity strengthening, regulatory clarity, and preventive digital literacy measures. The findings suggest that sustainable cyber resilience in India requires synchronized strengthening of institutional capability, compliance predictability, and governance maturity rather than mere legislative expansion. The study contributes to existing literature by introducing a federal coordination lens and governance-based analytical approach to cyber law scholarship in India.

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 Keywords

Cyber Law, Digital Governance, Cybercrime Enforcement, Data Protection, Federal Coordination, Organizational Compliance, Cyber Risk Management, DPDP Act

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract-- Customer support in car service agencies often faces delays due to manual handling of booking requests, service reminders, and query resolution. This project proposes a Customer Support Voice Bot Assistant that enables customers to interact in real time through natural voice communication. The system integrates Chatterbox/ElevenLabs for AI-based speech-to- text and text- to-speech, N8n workflow automation for service scheduling and notifications, and Supabase with PostgreSQL for secure storage of customer data and conversation history. Additionally, Google OAuth authentication ensures secure access, while Tailwind CSS provides a responsive interface for administrators. The proposed system improves efficiency by reducing response time, minimising manual intervention, and providing 24/7 customer support.

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Keywords-- Voice Bot, Workflow Automation, Supabase, PostgreSQL, Google OAuth, Tailwind CSS, Customer Support.

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Education plays an important role in mentally growth of women and the development of the country. Women led development begins with ensuring the education girls in India. Education is man making and character building. according to All India Survey on Higher Education(AISHE) representation of female students in higher education in Indian Makes its all-time high at 2.07 crore 2021-22, and fact female constitute 48 percent of total overall enrolment ratio. Education is considered as a millstone of women empowerment. It is women most powerful tool which help to change the status of women in the society. This paper is descriptive in character and draws from secondary sources. It aims to assess the overall impact of higher education on women's empowerment in India, study the position of women in higher education, and investigate the role of higher education in empowering women. Although successful policy implementation and inclusive educational techniques are crucial for attaining gender equality and sustainable development, the study suggests that higher education plays a transforming role in empowering women.

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 Keywords

women empowerment, higher education, GER. India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores the difficulties and barriers that companies face when attempting to create and maintain diverse workforces. This paper attempts to offer insights into the barriers impeding the accomplishment of diversity goals in the workplace through a thorough analysis of the body of current research, case studies, and empirical data. By recognizing these obstacles, companies may create workable plans to get beyond them and promote diversity and inclusivity in the workplace. Due to its ability to spur creativity, improve decision-making, and boost organizational performance, workforce diversity has become a vital component of contemporary organizational management. But for companies in all fields and industries, attaining and preserving labor diversity presents serious difficulties. Managing Workforce diversity has grown to be one of the most difficult problems facing company and organizational management today. As a result, the study discusses the important problems that Workforce diversity in contemporary organizations is currently facing. It recognized and emphasized the different opportunities and difficulties. The findings showed that diversity in the workplace improves workers' professional capabilities, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking. Moreover, it permits.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Training and development,diversity and inclusion,workplace diversity,cultural diversity,gender diversity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition