Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The growing human population is putting a lot of pressure on environmental resources. Poor waste separation results in most reusable items becoming trash. When waste isn't sorted correctly, it mixes together, causing harmful effects and damage to the environment and surrounding areas. A Smart Bin can sort waste automatically without human help. It can also inform the waste collection depot when it is full. Technology has consistently made our lives easier. This unique approach can change the waste management system and help us work toward a cleaner India. The main goal is to separate trash into different smart bins and send details to the collection depot once each bin is full. By placing these bins in various locations, we can improve the collection system instead of just following set routes. Research shows that using monitoring systems for smart waste bins can reduce solid waste collection costs by up to 37.3%. to Dec 2014.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Waste Management, Sensor Based Waste Bin, LGMC, Waste Collection, Smart Bin, Waste Segregation.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study reports the extraction of ?-cellulose from Carica papaya of genus Carica, of the family Caricaceae (papaya) leaves and its subsequent utilization in the fabrication of a biodegradable biofilm. Carica papaya, commonly known as the papaya tree, is a flowering tree found in modern-day southern Mexico and Central America and is grown in several countries with tropical climates. ?-Cellulose was isolated through sequential alkaline treatment using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for delignification, followed by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) bleaching remove hemicellulose and enhance purity. The extracted a ?-cellulose was integrated with natural biopolymers such as starch and gelatin to form a composite film via solution casting. The resulting biofilm exhibited improved film-forming ability, structural integrity, and flexibility due to synergistic interactions between cellulose fibers and the polymer matrix. To draw a comparative study, two additional biofilms were prepared using potato starch and papaya leaf extract directly. This work demonstrates the feasibility of valorizing agricultural leaf waste into sustainable, eco-friendly packaging and functional biomaterial alternatives to conventional petroleum-based plastics. The biofilms were evaluated through eight distinct tests including water degradation, soil burial degradation, gas production inhibition, vertical hanging test (tensile strength), oil resistance, opacity and UV-shielding, surface morphology (microscopy), and swelling ratio. Both the ?-cellulose biofilm and papaya leaf extract biofilm showcased improved properties in comparison with the starch biofilm control.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

?-Cellulose, Carica papaya, papaya leaves, biodegradable biofilm, bioplastic, starch, gelatin, antimicrobial resistance, yeast assay, tensile strength, solution casting.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A descriptive study to assess the knowledge on prevention of oral cancer among family members at selected oncology hospital, Bangalore. Research hypothesis was formulated to the effectiveness. The research design was on group in descriptive design. This study was conducted in ward settings. The sample size for the study was 60. Sample for this study through convenience sampling. Hence this study concludes that, the analysis of the data collected from 60 adults on prevention of oral cancer. Regarding knowledge level, (40%) of adults had inadequate knowledge, (60%) of adults had moderate knowledge, (0%) of adults had adequate knowledge.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

effectiveness, knowledge, prevention of oral cancer, family members.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The evolution of face recognition (FR) as a biometric technology has been dramatically improved by advances made with deep learning. This meta-analysis survey provides a comprehensive overview of 19 peer-reviewed research articles that can be categorized into 4 themes; A) foundational deep learning architecture(s) and evaluation, B) challenges of occlusion robustness (for example: recognition of individuals wearing a mask or sunglasses), C) a lightweight model design for deployment on an edge device, and D) methods of performing adversarial attacks on FR systems. Within each theme, this survey includes an identification of the key contributions made to the published literature, an analysis comparing different approaches, and an identification of current gaps in FR research. The results indicate that while improvements made through deep learning have elevated FR accuracy to a level that is comparable to that of humans on benchmark datasets, significant challenges remain with the application of FR systems in real-world settings, including simultaneous occlusion, resource-constrained hardware, and adversarial manipulation of the model and/or data. Future research directions will focus on developing unified multi-challenged frameworks, improving demographic fairness, and creating lightweight architectures that are aware of adversarial attacks.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Face Recognition, Deep Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Vision Transformer (ViT), Occlusion, MobileFaceNet, Adversarial Attacks, Masked Face, Biometric Authentication, ArcFace, Loss Functions.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Sexual, harassment, of, women, at, the, workplace, remains, a, pervasive, violation, of, human, dignity,, equality, and, fundamental, rights,, despite, the, existence, of, statutory, safeguards, and, judicial, interventions., It, undermines, not, only, individual, autonomy, and, psychological, well-being, but, also, workplace, productivity, and, organizational, integrity., In, India,, the, legal, framework, governing, workplace, sexual, harassment, has, evolved, significantly,, particularly, following, the, landmark, judgment, in, Vishaka, v., State, of, Rajasthan, (1997),, which, laid, down, binding, guidelines, for, employers, and, the, subsequent, enactment, of, the, Sexual, Harassment, of, Women, at, Workplace, (Prevention,, Prohibition, and, Redressal), Act,, 2013, (POSH, Act)., However,, implementation, gaps,, underreporting,, institutional, bias,, fear, of, retaliation, and, procedural, inadequacies, continue, to, impede, effective, redressal., This, research, paper, critically, examines, the, conceptual, foundations, of, sexual, harassment,, its, socio-legal, dimensions, and, the, evolution, of, jurisprudence, in, India., It, analyses, statutory, provisions,, judicial, pronouncements, and, compliance, mechanisms, under, the, POSH, Act,, while, also, exploring, challenges, in, enforcement,, including, issues, related, to, Internal, Complaints, Committees, (ICCs),, evidentiary, standards,, confidentiality, and, victim, protection., The, study, further, assesses, the, intersectionality, of, workplace, harassment,, recognizing, that, factors, such, as, caste,, class,, contractual, employment, and, organizational, hierarchy, compound, vulnerability., Adopting, a, doctrinal, and, analytical, research, methodology,, the, paper, evaluates, whether, existing, legal, mechanisms, adequately, address, the, realities, faced, by, women, in, both, formal, and, informal, sectors., It, also, engages, with, comparative, international, standards,, including, conventions, of, the, International, Labor, Organization,, to, situate, Indian, law, within, the, global, framework, of, gender, justice, and, workplace, equality., The, paper, concludes, by, proposing, reforms, aimed, at, strengthening, compliance,, enhancing, accountability,, ensuring, victim-centered, redressal, and, fostering, safe, and, inclusive, work, environments., Through, this, inquiry,, the, study, seeks, to, contribute, to, the, broader, discourse, on, gender, justice, and, the, realization, of, substantive, equality, in, professional, spaces.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Sexual, Harassment, at, Workplace, POSH, Act, 2013, Gender, Justice, Workplace, Equality, Vishaka, Guidelines, Internal, Complaints, Committee, (ICC), Victim, Protection, Mechanisms, Corporate, Compliance, and, Accountability

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper explores the portrayal of Vaishali, an ancient Buddhist centre in Bihar, in the memoirs and travelogues of Indian and diasporic writers. These memoirs and travelogues regard Vaishali not simply as a historical site but rather hover around its citizens as a signifier that transcends concepts of time, linking memory, belonging, and heritage. This discussion illustrates the intricate interplay between travel and memory negotiations, transforming physical journeys into intellectual and emotional ones. Thus, Vaishali serves as a cultural and literary figure or emblem, intertwined with both history and imagination. The article portrays Vaishali not just as a place but also as a metaphorical site and frame where culture and lived experience meet. In Indian memoirs, the site is presented as a reminder of national glories, of continuity in spiritual seeing, of ways of coping with trauma, and as a "place" where sites such as the Ashokan pillar or Ananda Stupa are photographed as meaningful signs of cultural remembrance. Diasporic writers revisit Vaishali to contemplate the themes of separation between their homeland and their host countries. For them, the visit often becomes an emotional homecoming and a means of reconnecting with ancestral roots. It portrays the site not as an archaeological ruin but as a living literary symbol that persists through personal storytelling.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

pilgrimage, ancestral root, Ashokan pillar, diasporic writers, archaeological ruin

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Technical and Cultural Evolution of Nanjing Yunjin

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Technical and Cultural Evolution of Nanjing Yunjin

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Smart Socket Monitoring and Protection System is an ESP32-based electrical safety and energy monitoring solution. It uses an AC voltage sensor and two ACS712 current sensors to measure real-time voltage, current, and power for the system loads. The system displays these parameters and also energy consumption on an LCD and continuously checks for faults such as overload, short circuit, high voltage, and low voltage, fire detection. When a fault is detected, a buzzer alert is triggered and the load is automatically disconnected using a relay to protects the loads. The relays are open up to the reset button press. The system also includes Io T functionality using the Blank cloud platform, which sends real-time electrical data for remote monitoring. This platform allows users to view live energy parameters, receive fault alerts, and monitor load status from anywhere. This system improves electrical safety, prevents equipment damage, and supports efficient smart industrial and commercials energy management

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

.......

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus emblica (amla) are well-known medicinal plants valued for their nutritional and therapeutic properties. Moringa leaves provide protein, iron, calcium, and essential micronutrients, while amla is one of the richest natural sources of vitamin C and polyphenols. Combining both in a single dosage form may enhance antioxidant activity and improve overall nutritional value. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a nutraceutical tablet formulated from moringa and amla leaf powders. Tablets were prepared by direct compression using optimized ratios with suitable excipients. Standard quality control tests confirmed acceptable hardness, friability (<1%), and disintegration (<10 minutes). Nutritional analysis revealed appreciable vitamin C (20-40 mg), iron (2-4 mg), and calcium (60-90 mg) per 500 mg tablet. Antioxidant assays (DPPH/ABTS)demonstrated synergistic radical-scavenging activity in the combined formulation compared with individual plant powders. Accelerated stability testing showed minimal loss of nutrients over three months. This study concludes that a moringa-amla tablet is a promising, low-cost nutraceutical supplement with balanced micronutrient content and enhanced antioxidant potential.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Moringa, Amla, Antioxidant, Nutraceutical Herbal tablet

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Herbal cosmetics are emerging as a safe and natural alternative for skin protection and maintenance. Many commercially available synthetic face serums offer temporary results but frequently cause side effects such as irritation or allergic reactions. To address this gap, the primary objective of this research was to prepare and scientifically evaluate an effective natural, and anti-aging face serum using the medicinal plant butterfly peas(clitoriaternatea) as the key ingredient. The present research focuses on the formulation and long-term evaluation of a natural antiaging skin serum utilizing clitoriaternatea (butterfly peas), aloe vera gel, sesame oil, neem oil, glycerine, vitamin-E and Tween-80 . To improve bioavailability, the serum was created with the Helps of appropriate stabilizers and carriers. The effects of the serum on collagen synthesis, skin elasticity, and appearance were assessed using physicochemical and stability testing, in vitro investigation on human fibroblasts, and clinical assessments

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Clitoriaternatea ( Butterfly pea) , anti-aging , Herbal skin care.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition