Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This paper examines the intricate relationship between business practices and competition law, highlighting its crucial role in maintaining fair markets, promoting innovation, and ultimately benefiting consumers. By analyzing key principles, landmark cases, and contemporary challenges, this paper underscores the significance of a robust competition law framework in fostering a dynamic and efficient economic landscape. Furthermore, it explores the evolving interplay between competition law and emerging business models in the digital age, emphasizing the need for adaptive regulatory approaches.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Competition Law, Antitrust, Fair Markets, Innovation, Consumer Welfare, Market Power, Mergers and Acquisitions, Anti-competitive Agreements, Abuse of Dominance, Digital Economy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In Ayurveda, Rasaushadhis (Herbo-mineral formulations) hold significant therapeutic value, yet their safety requires scientific validation. Vetal Rasa, described in Rasendra Sara Sangraha, is used in Sannipataja Jwara and critical conditions. Comprising Shuddha Parada (purified mercury), Shuddha Gandhaka (sulphur), Shuddha Haratala (orpiment), Shuddha Vatsanabha (aconite), and Maricha (black pepper), this formulation necessitates toxicity assessment. This study evaluated its acute oral toxicity in Wistar rats following OECD 423 guidelines. Vetal Rasa was administered at 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg, with a 14-day observation period. No Upadrava Lakshanas (adverse effects), mortality, or pathological changes were noted. As per GHS classification, it falls under Category 5 (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg), indicating low toxicity. These findings support its safety within Yogya Matra (appropriate dosage), though further studies on chronic toxicity are needed to establish its long-term effects and regulated clinical application.

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 Keywords

Toxicity Assessment, Vetal Rasa, Rasaushadhi, Acute toxicity, Yogya Matra, OECD Guidelines

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This paper presents an in-depth analysis and implementation of intelligent data sharding strategies for distributed cloud storage systems, aiming to overcome the limitations of traditional static sharding methods. By integrating machine learning, predictive analytics, and dynamic re-sharding techniques, the proposed system adapts in real-time to varying data access patterns and workload distributions. The research evaluates performance based on key metrics such as latency, throughput, load balance, and fault tolerance, revealing significant improvements in all areas. Through rigorous simulation and comparative testing, the intelligent sharding model demonstrates enhanced scalability, efficiency, and resilience in handling large-scale, heterogeneous data environments. The findings highlight the potential of intelligent sharding to serve as a core component in next-generation cloud infrastructure, enabling automated data distribution, improved system performance, and reduced maintenance overhead. This work contributes to the evolving field of cloud data management by offering a robust, adaptive, and future-proof solution for modern enterprise applications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Intelligent Sharding, Distributed Cloud Storage, Machine Learning, Data Partitioning, System Scalability

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This research paper investigates the use of data analytics in smart grids to optimize energy consumption and distribution. The study utilizes real-time data and advanced algorithms to improve grid efficiency, reduce operational costs, and promote sustainable energy usage. It highlights the role of predictive analytics and decision-making techniques in optimizing energy flow and enhancing grid reliability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Grid, Data Analytics, Energy Optimization, Machine Learning, Big Data, IoT, Demand Response.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Lagenaria siceraria, nasal drops, jaundice, hepatoprotective, phytochemicals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Trends and patterns of water availability in Karnataka through an economic lens, focusing on spatiotemporal variations and their implications for agriculture, livelihoods, and sustainable development. Karnataka, a semi-arid state in southern India, faces significant water stress due to erratic rainfall, over-extraction of groundwater, and uneven distribution of water resources. analyzing using secondary data from government and academic sources, the paper investigates changes in water availability over the past two decades, evaluates their economic impact, and offers policy recommendations to enhance water sustainability and equity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Water Availability, Karnataka, Economic Analysis, Groundwater, Rainfall, Irrigation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A JWT (JSON Web Token) is a widely used technique for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object. These URL-safe tokens are used for authentication and information exchange. It is composed of three components: a header, a payload, and a signature, all encoded as and single string. The payload JSON Web Signature (JWS) format or as the plaintext of a JSON Web Encryption (JWE) format, is about a subject (typically the user) and extra the secret value information. The signature is generated by computing the encoded header, encoded payload, and a common secret key, which provides the token's integrity and authenticity. The salt value secret method supports encryption, key value resource and identification, authentication, and authorization. It includes attack prevention responses to web-based attacks like SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) for web security. From the results of the research, this idea is highly applicable to applications or information systems on various platforms sharing the same service. JWT tokens are also successfully stored in cookies in a browser. A shared secret value plays an important part in ensuring the integrity and security of the token. This delves into the importance of the shared secret within the process of signing and verifying JWTs, which is utilized when authentication and authorization in current web application endpoints.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

JWT (JSON Web Tokens), Secret value, Authentication, Web Security, Token Integrity, Symmetric Encryption.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study explores the investors attitudes towards tax saver funds, with a particular focus on Equity-Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS). The study aims to identify and describe the demographic, financial literacy, behavioral bias and investor satisfaction towards ELSS tax saver. Structured questionnaires were used to gather primary data from a diverse group of investor and secondary data is collected from journals, research scholars and websites of SEBI. The type of research design used in this study is exploratory research design. This study chosen sample size of 160 has been determined using pilot study, hence convenience sampling techniques is used in the survey. Tools used in this study Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney and Spearman's rank correlation. The study ends with strategic recommendation fund houses and policymakers to improve investors' awareness in tax saving funds.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Financial literacy, behavioral bias and satisfaction.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

During the 20th century, Chinese literature experienced significant growth within the global diaspora, particularly in regions such as Southeast Asia, the United States, and Europe. One notable figure, Gao Xingjian, who resides in France yet continues to write primarily in Chinese, became the first Chinese diasporic author to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2000. For diasporic writers, the portrayal of their homeland often oscillates between critique and nostalgia--China is sometimes depicted as a land marked by violence, poverty, and corruption, while at other times, it is idealized or romanticized. This paper analyses the narratives of displacement excavating the diasporic theme in Ha Jin's select Novels.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Narratives, diaspora, Ha Jin, homeland, emotion

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Emotion recognition through facial expression has become a significant research area in human-computer interaction. This paper explores the integration of facial recognition technology, emotion detection, and music recommendation systems to create a personalized user experience. By utilizing Python programming language, we develop a system that can analyze facial expressions to determine the user's emotional state and recommend music that aligns with their current mood also discusses the methodology, implementation, and evaluation of the system, highlighting its effectiveness in providing music recommendations based on the user's emotions.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Emotion Detection, Music Recommendation System, Facial Recognition, Python, User Experience

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition