Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

Due to their high efficiency, dependability, and low maintenance requirements, brushless DC (BLDC) motors are utilized extensively in industrial automation, electric vehicles, and consumer electronics. However, undetected faults in these motors, such as phase imbalance, bearing wear, rotor misalignment, or overheating--can lead to system failures and costly downtimes. Utilizing the potent capabilities of the ESP32 microcontroller and Internet of Things (IoT) technology, this project proposes an advanced fault detection and identification (FDI) system for BLDC motors. The system continuously monitors key motor parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, and vibration using a combination of analog and digital sensors. Real-time signal processing, anomaly detection, and wireless communication all make use of the ESP32. The microcontroller's lightweight machine learning algorithms and threshold-based logic identify fault conditions, ensuring prompt and accurate fault recognition. Detected faults and operational data are transmitted via Wi-Fi or MQTT protocols to a cloud-based IoT dashboard, enabling real-time remote monitoring, data visualization, and timely notifications through web or mobile interfaces. This approach supports predictive maintenance and enhances overall system reliability. Experimental testing on a BLDC motor testbed substantiates the implementation's efficacy in early fault detection, low-latency communication, and seamless IoT platform integration. The project demonstrates the potential for next-generation motor health monitoring solutions by combining smart diagnostics with embedded IoT.

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 Keywords

1. Fault Detection 2. Fault Identification 3. Brushless DC Motors 4. IoT (Internet of Things) 5. Predictive Maintenance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A robust road network plays a crucial role in accelerating economic growth by connecting remote regions, enhancing access to markets, schools, and healthcare services, and fostering trade and investment in less developed areas. Roads also enable efficient intermodal transportation by linking key infrastructure such as airports, railway stations, and seaports. However, conventional bituminous surfacing of flexible pavements is energy-intensive, involving the production of bituminous binder from crude oil, drying of aggregates, and manufacturing of the asphalt mix at a hot mix plant (HMP). Hot mix recycling offers an efficient alternative by blending reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) with new aggregates and, in some cases, recycling agents to produce hot mix asphalt. When properly designed, these recycled mixtures can match or even exceed the performance of conventional asphalt mixes. Recycling or rejuvenating agents--organic compounds selected for their chemical and physical properties--are used to restore the aged asphalt to its desired specifications.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Hot mix plant (HMP), Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), Hot in-place recycling (HIR), Cold in-place recycling (CIR), Hot in-plant recycling (HIP), Cold in-plant recycling (CIP), Full depth reclamation (FDR)

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper critically examines the phenomenon of media trial, highlighting how the media, in its role as the fourth pillar of democracy, often oversteps its boundaries and undermines the judicial process. Through detailed analysis and case studies like the Jessica Lal and Priyadarshini Mattoo trials, it reveals how excessive media coverage and premature judgments can distort public opinion, jeopardize fair trials, and violate individual rights such as the presumption of innocence. The paper underscores the ethical dilemmas and constitutional tensions between freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial, exploring the limitations of current regulatory mechanisms. While acknowledging the media's role in exposing injustice and catalyzing legal reform, the study warns against its transformation into a "public court" that undermines judicial neutrality. It concludes with a call for a balanced approach--preserving press freedom while ensuring due process, protecting civil liberties, and upholding the sanctity of the legal system.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Media Trial, Freedom of Press, Right to Fair Trial, Judicial Interference, Public Opinion and Justice

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

We find the notion of the triangle in Indian literature for the first time, perhaps, in the Vedas. The terms used are trirasri in the Rigveda and tribhuja in the Atharvaveda. Sulba-sutras were also familiar with important types of triangle - mostly the right-angled triangle. We have discussed here the rules of Bhaskaracharya and Brahmagupta for finding the segment and altitude of the triangles and critically reviewed the rules in terms of modern mathematics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Trirasri, Tribhuja, Sulba-sutra, Segment, Altitude.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Security is always a main concern in every domain, due to a rise in crime rate in a crowded event or suspicious lonely areas. Abnormal detection and monitoring have major applications of computer vision to tackle various problems. Due to the growing demand for the protection of safety, security, and personal properties, the needs and deployment of video surveillance systems can recognize and interpret the scene, and anomaly events play a vital role in intelligence monitoring. This paper implements an automatic gun detection using open cv. Gun violence has become a major cause of distress in the present society. The lack of proper mechanisms to detect and identify weapons in advance results in the increase of the impact caused by gun-related violence. This concept paper presents a study for concealed weapon detection in real time video using Image Processing and openCV and Hear cascade. The proposed system will perform the notification to the respective department followed by opencv detection models.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gun Detection, Weapon Detection, Security

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

As cyber threats continue to grow in complexity and frequency, traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) often struggle to keep pace, leading to high false positive rates and missed detections. This dissertation presents an AI-driven approach to optimizing IDS performance by leveraging machine learning and deep learning techniques to enhance detection accuracy, reduce false alarms, and improve adaptability to evolving attack patterns. The study explores multiple AI models, including Random Forest, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, integrated with advanced optimization techniques such as feature selection and ensemble learning. Using benchmark datasets, the AI-optimized IDS achieved a significant performance improvement compared to traditional systems, with accuracy reaching 95.6%, precision at 94.2%, recall at 96.5%, and an F1 score of 95.3%. The results confirm that AI-enhanced IDS can offer more reliable and intelligent threat detection while minimizing false positives. This research contributes to the growing body of work on intelligent cybersecurity systems and lays the groundwork for future advancements in autonomous and adaptive intrusion detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IDS, intrusion detection system, artificial intelligence

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Ashika's Style Pvt Ltd is a diversified company with operations in the textile, food, and event management industries under different brand names. With expansion, the function of human resources, especially recruitment, becomes vital in maintaining growth and performance. The article examines the recruitment practices being followed across its divisions, assesses the efficiency of existing practices, conducts employees' feedback, and suggests strategic recommendations for improvement.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ashika's Style Pvt Ltd , recruitment, organizational values, strategic growth, Textile, Food, Events

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The issue of decriminalization of minor offences in India has gained importance with respect to legal policy reforms, particularly in light of an under-staffed criminal justice system and growing calls for a more alleviative and just justice system. Offences of lesser importance in India, including public annoyance, larceny, begging, vagrancy, and the illegal possession of small amounts of certain drugs, are put under primitive colonial laws such as the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and other state specific laws. Not only do these put decade-old laws give rise to the demonetization of social scum of the world, but these laws also add to the plethora of resources available for police, courts, and prisons. This paper looks into the rationale and necessity to remove legal penalties for some offence's in India, analyzing how unjustifiable approaches to minor crimes disproportionately impact basic needs such as the urban poor, Dalits, Adivasis, and even the lowly migrant workers. In addition to these, the abstract touches upon socio-legal movements advocating for blueprints of change, inclusive of the Indian Law Commission proposals and recent governmental attempts at IPC rationalization and associated frameworks. Using empirical studies and developed policies, the paper examines the possible advantages of decriminalization, including lower rates of incarceration, decreased expenditures in the justice system, and improved access to rehabilitation and social services. Other actions like community service, administrative sanctions, or diversion programs that can assist in behavioral modification without resorting to incarceration are also scrutinized. Illustrative cases from legal reform-states and lessons learned from other countries aid in imagining the possible outcomes of the modifications. On the other hand, the paper discusses the problems concerning the implementation steps, foremost being the institutional inertia and low level of public education as well as the need for simultaneous investment into social welfare structures. The paper defends its position by saying that decriminalization, within precise boundaries and an all-encompassing approach, promotes greater strife for justice, honor, and economy in the Indian legal system. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the need to clearly define the strategies that balance prevention, responsibility, and social embrace.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Decriminalization, Minor offences, Portugal drug decriminalization, social justice, public nuisance laws, Petty crimes, criminal justice reform, public policy, civil penalties

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Mucins are a broad family of proteins with multiple functions and characteristics. Snails use mucin proteins in their mucous for several activities including microbial protection, adhesion, and lubrication. Snail Mucin is a complex mixture of Glycoprotein, Hyaluronic acid and Glycollic acid that has emerged as a promising ingredient in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic industries. Recent studies have highlighted its advanced functions, including wound healing, Anti-aging, Skin hydration, Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, etc. Snail mucin's unique composition and advanced functions states that it is a promising ingredient for future applications in skincare, wound healing, and regenerative medicine. Future research and development are needed to fully explore its potential and unlock new therapeutic opportunities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

H.aspersa, Snail mucin, Cosmetic Dermatology, Mollusks, Snail slime, Snail extract.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in agriculture, offering innovative solutions to enhance crop productivity and sustainability. This study explores the effects of various nanomaterials (NMs), including metal-based nanoparticles (e.g., ZnO, TiO?, and AgNPs), carbon-based nanomaterials, and nano-fertilizers, on the growth and development of major cereal crops such as rice, wheat, and maize. The application of NMs has shown to significantly influence seed germination rates, root and shoot elongation, nutrient uptake, photosynthetic efficiency, and overall biomass production. While certain nanomaterials enhance plant growth by improving nutrient availability and stress tolerance, others may exhibit phytotoxic effects depending on their concentration, particle size, and exposure duration. This review synthesizes current findings, highlighting both the beneficial and adverse impacts of NMs on cereals. It also underscores the importance of optimizing nanomaterial formulation and delivery methods to maximize agricultural benefits while minimizing environmental risks.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles, Cereals, rice, wheat, maize, plant growth, seed germination, biomass, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, stress tolerance, phytotoxicity, nano-fertilizers, agricultural nanotechnology .

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition