Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The rapid growth of urban areas in the Delhi NCR (National Capital Region) has resulted in worsening road traffic congestion, creating significant environmental and economic challenges. This study investigates the factors influencing traffic congestion, including population growth, government policies, pride in vehicle ownership, and adherence to traffic rules. Through a dual-stage survey and analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we explore the relationships between these variables. Our findings suggest that improving compliance with traffic regulations can substantially mitigate congestion, while population growth, government policies, and vehicle ownership do not have significant direct impacts. Recommendations are provided for policymakers to integrate infrastructure development with strict traffic management practices to ensure sustainable urban mobility.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Byes' theorem, Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Convolution Neural Network (CNN)

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Hair cosmetic products play a significant role in enhancing hair appearance, health, and manageability. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a novel hair cosmetic product designed to improve hair texture, strength, and overall scalp health. The product incorporates natural and scientifically proven ingredients such as plant-based oils, proteins, and conditioning agents to provide nourishment while minimizing damage caused by environmental factors and chemical treatments.The formulation was developed with an emphasis on safety, stability, and effectiveness. Various parameters including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and conditioning performance were evaluated to ensure product quality and user satisfaction. Additionally, the product was tested for its ability to reduce hair fall, enhance shine, and improve softness without causing irritation or adverse effects on the scalp.The results indicate that the developed hair cosmetic formulation is effective, safe for regular use, and meets standard cosmetic requirements. This product offers a promising alternative to conventional formulations by combining natural ingredients with modern cosmetic science, catering to the growing demand for safer and more sustainable hair care solutions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Hair cosmetic formulation, natural ingredients, plant-based oils, hair proteins, scalp health, hair nourishment, hair strength, hair texture improvement, hair fall reduction.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study examines Kiley Reid's Such a Fun Age as a critique of performative liberalism and its effect on identity negotiation in neoliberal households. Using Henri Tajfel's Social Identity Theory, the research explores how Emira Tucker and her boss, Alix Chamberlain, face racial and class hierarchies. The analysis finds that progressive self-representation is often a tactic for the privileged to maintain moral authority while also reinforcing the divisions they claim to challenge. This paper argues that the "liberal-off" between Alix and Kelley Copeland shows how performative allyship is used for in-group distinction, prioritizing privileged emotions over the real conditions of the marginalized.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Performative Liberalism, Identity Negotiation, Racial Hierarchy, Class Privilege, Moral Grandstanding

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Electrical transportation systems necessitate the provision of various and efficient charging stations in order to promote the use of electric vehicles (EVs). With the advancement in technology, wireless power transfer has become a feasible alternative to conventional plug-in charging methods by providing convenience and efficiency. This paper introduces EV charging technologies along with the focus on wireless EV charging systems that would help achieve efficiency in power transfer. In this context, a comparative analysis between conductive and inductive chargers is provided in order to discuss the relative strengths and weaknesses of these charging technologies. In addition, dynamic wireless charging (DWC) has been presented as an effective means of charging that helps increase the power transfer efficiency and convenience by allowing EVs to be charged while in motion. DWC can provide solutions to the main barriers to the promotion of EVs such as limited driving range and time-consuming charging processes. The DWC systems have been modeled using resonant inductive power transfer technique where compensation network and resonance are used to improve efficiency. Simulation analysis was performed using MATLAB/Simulink and 90% efficiency was achieved under optimized conditions.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electric Vehicles, Wireless Charging, Dynamic Wireless Charging, Resonant Inductive Power Transfer, MATLAB/Simulink.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices adopted by Pantaloons, one of India's leading fashion retail chains under Aditya Birla Fashion and Retail Ltd. (ABFRL), on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Data were collected from 200 respondents in Chennai through a structured questionnaire administered via Google Forms. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA were employed to analyze the relationships between demographic variables and CRM-related outcomes. Results indicate that demographic factors such as age, area of residence, educational qualification, occupation, and monthly income are significantly associated with customer satisfaction levels, while gender shows no significant association. ANOVA further confirms significant differences in the effectiveness of CRM strategies across all demographic subgroups. The findings underline the need for Pantaloons to adopt more personalized, data-driven, and digitally enhanced CRM strategies to strengthen customer relationships in an increasingly competitive retail environment.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Customer Relationship Management, Customer Satisfaction, Pantaloons, Retail Industry, ANOVA, Chi-Square

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

childhood is an unforgettable period of one's life so happy childhood is right of every child and the facility the same is concern of every welfare state where happiness is not available to maturity of children they are exploride in work field being a labour which is essential for their strengths child labour in the employment under a specified legal age avoid confusion its best to explain child labour working under the age of 18 in same way harm and exploits them physically mentally and morally and block them from education child labour is very modicle a ruler carbon for Noman ruler area account for 85% of child worker and the incidence of child labour is a higher in a rural area.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Child Labour, Stress, Legal protection, Rules and Regulation Child Labour

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Synovitis is a key pathological feature in multiple joint disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and traumatic joint injuries. This review aims to synthesize the histopathological alterations in synovial tissue reported in previously published literature. A comprehensive review of PubMed-indexed articles was conducted focusing on synovial lining changes, inflammatory infiltrates, vascular proliferation, and stromal responses. Findings indicate that synovitis demonstrates a spectrum of pathological changes depending on aetiology, with rheumatoid arthritis showing aggressive inflammatory features, while osteoarthritis exhibits milder, fibrotic alterations. Histopathological evaluation remains essential for diagnosis, disease grading, and therapeutic planning.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Synovitis, Histopathology, Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Synovial membrane

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats such as ransomware, phishing, and zero-day attacks has ex posed critical limitations in traditional signature-based and reactive security systems. This paper presents an Autonomous AI-Based CyberDefenceAgent, implementedasadesktopap plication, designed to provide real-time threat detection and automated response at the endpoint level.In order to elimi nate inter-process communication delays and facilitate quick decision-making, the suggested system makes use of a Unified Architecture that combines the monitoring agent and back end server into a single process. File system activity is cap tured with low latency by an event-driven monitoring sys tem. To successfully identify both known and undiscovered threats, the detection engine uses a hybrid approach that com bines signature-based techniques, Shannon entropy analysis, and heuristic pattern matching.Malicious entities are neutral ized and quarantined without the need for human interac tion thanks to a risk-based autonomous response system that is activated upon discovery. The system also offers tamper resistant logging methods and a real-time dashboard for mon itoring and forensic analysis. With an average reaction time of less than 200 ms and low resource consumption, experimental assessment under controlled settings shows near-perfect de tection and quarantine performance for simulated assault sit uations. These findings show that the suggested system pro vides a lightweight, scalable, and effective solution for con temporary endpoint security.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

The increasing sophistication of cyber threats such as ransomware, phishing, and zero-day attacks has ex posed critical limitations in traditional signature-based and reactive security systems. This paper presents an Autonomous AI-Based CyberDefenceAgent, implementedasadesktopap plication, designed to provide real-time threat detection and automated response at the endpoint level.In order to elimi nate inter-process communication delays and facilitate quick decision-making, the suggested system

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Large language models can write fluently but they cannot tell you what is actually in your PDF. They hallucinate, confabulate, and confidently miss the point. This paper describes a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system built to close that gap.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Retrieval-Augmented Generation, RAG, Large Language Models, Vector Database, ChromaDB, Mistral, LangChain, Document Question Answering, Semantic Search, Nomic Embeddings, Flask, Next.js

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Abstract--The rapid digitization in education has accelerated the demand for secure and efficient examination systems. Traditional paper-based assessments suffer from a number of issues, including high administrative overhead, time-consuming evaluation, and vulnerability to human error. This study describes the design and implementation of an Online Examination Platform System that is scalable, reliable, and academically integrous. The design features secure authentication, automated grading, and real-time analytics to provide immediate scores while easing the burden of examiners. Multiple question types, such as multiplechoice, short, and descriptive, are enabled to increase assessment flexibility. Experimental results show increased efficiency, reduced expenses, and overall positive feedback from students and institutions. The study concludes that online examination platforms can serve as a sustainable alternative to traditional modes of examination, with further possibilities for future enhancement by AI-driven proctoring and integration with adaptive learning.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

E-Learning, Secure Examination, Web-Based Application, Real-Time Monitoring and Exam Management System

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition