Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

This paper deals with the concept of Dharma and explains its importance in its entirety. It showcases the importance of the term Dharma, studies its originality, and explores how it came into being. It portrays that Dharma is described through different meanings. Moreover, it expresses Dharma through one of the epic Indian narratives, the Mahabharata. Through the text of the Mahabharata, this research focuses on different characters such as Yudhishthira and Arjuna, presenting them through their lens and depicting their version of righteousness. But even though these characters are important, this study foregrounds its emphasis on the character of Krishna, who is depicted as an advisor to Arjuna during the Kurukshetra war, explaining to him the importance of duty and righteousness without thinking of the repercussions. The study also incorporates the philosophical significance of the Bhagavad Gita, embedded within the Mahabharat, which provides a metaphysical resolution to the epic's moral turbulence. In conclusion, it also examines the modern view of the tales of the Mahabharat in contemporary society and the current interpretations of terms such as duty or righteousness, along with the diverse range of adaptations of the Mahabharat.

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 Keywords

Dharma, Mahabharat, Krishna, literature, righteousness, modern-day adaptation, Bhagavad Gita

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India is one of the richest and diverse countries in the South Asian region. Basically India is assumed as a living museum because of its repository of ancient values and traditions in terms of civilization, progress, education, knowledge and technology. It has always given priority to the vision of Atmanirbhar (self- reliant) since its independence from colonial rule. It has one of the dominant geopolitical locations as it is landlocked in nature with its adjacent neighbours. Since its liberation India tried to develop friendly relations with south Asian nations, who had faced similar colonial dominance in their historical context. India followed the ancient policy of Saptang theory of Kautilya i.e. to maintain cordial relations with neighbours as it does not believe in existence but in coexistence. It follows the path to become self- sufficient in order to achieve the landmark pattern of Atmanirbharata in all the sectors like agriculture, health , technology etc. This paper further examines how India's soft power approach in South Asian neighbours which gives her the status of vishwaguru with self- sufficiency. The purpose of this paper is to assess that how the concept of Atmanirbhar bharat is often misunderstood by nations as the policy of isolationism. The focus is to highlight the parameter that vishwaguru cannot lead if it is dependent on others for basic pre-requisites. A true leadership comes from a position of strength and self- sufficiency. This paper will be the attempt to scrutinize that Atmanirbhar Bharat is not just an economic policy of import substitution but it evolves India's national image from a passive recipient to an active provider of solutions to global problems. The paper further focuses on India's self- reliance in various forms like Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) , education, Pharmaceuticals (Vaccine Maitri), space technology. It also provides a soft power influence of self-reliance in south Asia that portrays India's image as a vishwaguru.

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 Keywords

India, Soft Power, Atmanirbhar Bharat , Vishwaguru , South Asia

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This study aimed to create a dark chocolate that not only delights the palate but also provides nutritional benefits by fortifying it with whey protein concentrate, candied dehydrated orange peels, and roasted pumpkin seeds. Dark chocolate (90 g) was enriched with 3 g whey protein, 4 g pumpkin seeds, and 3 g candied orange peel. The nutritional content, including protein, fiber, fat, ash, and carbohydrates, was analyzed, and sensory evaluation was conducted with panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Results showed notable increases in protein and fiber content, while taste, texture, aroma, and overall acceptability remained highly favorable. The study demonstrates that carefully combining functional ingredients can transform traditional chocolate into a nutritious, enjoyable, and health-promoting treat. This approach also supports sustainable use of food by-products, such as orange peel, adding environmental value to the product.

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 Keywords

Functional chocolate, Whey protein, Pumpkin seeds, Candied dehydrated orange peel, Sensory evaluation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Peeli Aandhi : Marwari Stree Jeevan Ke Vibhinn Swar

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Peeli Aandhi : Marwari Stree Jeevan Ke Vibhinn Swar

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Farming plays a key role in India's economy, yet handling water wisely and tracking soil conditions live remains tricky. Most fields rely on fixed schedules or basic automated setups - these can lead to too much water used and loss. One way around these issues involves using connected devices powered by IoT tools. These setups use physical sensors across the land to track key dirt properties like heat, wetness, water content, and acidity levels. A small computer called ESP32 picks up details about the environment, such as moisture and light. These readings travel to the internet network, where complex math happens using past results for different plants. What comes next is a forecast showing how much water each field might need. Instead of relying on old schedules or guesswork, the new method adjusts timing based on actual physical rules, not rigid rules set ahead of time. Farmers far away can now tap into smarter watering decisions without needing to physically visit the land. Putting auto and hand-operated setups together makes the new system work better under pressure. It demonstrates how using IoT alongside data handling leads to sharper, long-term farming decisions. Testing with 2,880 data entries confirmed its reliability. Outcomes included smarter watering for crops depending on weather shifts. Watering slowed when rain was predicted. During hot spells, supplies tightened but without loss. Overall use rose against older methods relying on fixed schedules.

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 Keywords

Smart irrigation, Internet of Things (IoT), soil moisture sensing, ESP32 microcontroller, precision agriculture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Teacher engagement and turnover intention in higher education have emerged as critical challenges affecting institutional stability, academic quality, and student outcomes. While prior research has extensively examined teacher retention, fewer studies have explored the interconnectedness of various factors influencing teacher engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. This review paper synthesizes existing literature to investigate the interrelationships among job stress, organizational commitment, person-environment fit (PEF), and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). The findings highlight that job stress negatively impacts teacher well-being and engagement, while strong organizational commitment enhances teacher retention. OCB serves as both a facilitator and a potential stressor, enhancing institutional loyalty while also leading to role overload. The intricate relationships among these variables highlight the necessity for higher education administrators to implement integrated retention strategies that balance workload, foster institutional commitment, and enhance teacher well-being. This study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive approach in addressing reduced teacher engagement by considering the dynamic interactions between these variables. The review provides educational administrators with actionable strategies to improve teacher engagement, mitigate job stress, and create supportive academic environments that enhance institutional effectiveness. Future research should explore longitudinal and cross institutional studies to develop a more nuanced understanding of teacher engagement dynamics in higher education.

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Teacher engagement, organizational commitment, job stress, person-environment fit, organizational citizenship behavior, turnover intentions

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Rural electrification remains a challenge that faces significant economic, geographical, and infrastructural hurdles, making the application of centralized power systems less effective. In this regard, the remoteness of the areas, low population density, high transmission costs, and unstable extension of power grids to rural areas make traditional electrification approaches inefficient and economically unviable. As a result, a significant proportion of the rural population remains unserved or unconnected to the power grid. In this regard, microgrids emerge as a feasible and sustainable decentralized approach that allows for the local production and distribution of electricity according to rural energy demand. This paper extends the application of microgrids not only as a tool for enhancing energy access but also as a viable business model that can sustain itself without external subsidies in the long term. The paper takes a business model approach to investigate the feasibility of financial sustainability through the application of renewable energy-based microgrids for the provision of reliable and quality electricity. One of the main areas of research in the study is the application of hybrid renewable energy harvesting, where different forms of renewable energy, such as solar, wind, and biomass, are combined to improve the reliability and resilience of the energy system. Hybrid systems provide a continuous supply of power by optimizing energy production based on environmental conditions, which is essential in rural areas. The paper also highlights the importance of electricity modification using capacitor-transformer configurations to improve the power quality, voltage regulation, and energy efficiency of rural microgrids. Electricity modification reduces transmission losses, improves power factor, and provides a stable voltage supply, which is essential to prevent damage to equipment and improve system performance. Another important aspect of the study is the storage of excess energy, which allows the use of surplus renewable energy produced during off-peak hours. Energy storage systems, such as batteries or other energy storage solutions, improve load balancing, supply reliability, and peak demand management, which is essential to improve the technical and economic viability of the system. In order to further improve the stability of revenues, the report recommends the inclusion of productive uses of energy. By coordinating electricity supply with rural economic activities such as agricultural processing, irrigation and water management, cold storage, cottage industries, and rural enterprises, microgrids provide stable and predictable demand. This productive use of energy helps to improve load factors and also fosters economic development in rural areas, thus creating a positive feedback cycle between energy access and rural development. The strategy adopted focuses on effective community engagement and participation to improve social acceptance, efficiency, and sustainability. Community participation in the operation, management, and governance of the system helps to improve accountability, capacity building, and risk reduction. Additionally, a scalable system design allows microgrids to scale up incrementally as demand increases, thus improving adaptability to changing energy demands. Environmental sustainability is also considered through the use of clean and renewable energy resources, which significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions while improving energy security and climate change resilience. The report also highlights the need for enabling policy frameworks, entrepreneurship, innovative ownership structures, and access to low-cost capital as key facilitators for the scaling up of rural microgrids in different socio-economic settings.

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 Keywords

Rural Electrification, Decentralized Energy Systems, Renewable Energy Microgrids, Hybrid Renewable Energy Harvesting, Energy Storage, Sustainable Business Models, Community-Based Energy Systems, Clean Energy Entrepreneurship.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Due to large availability of data in finance artificial intelligence has helped in more accurate ways to stock predication. But due to rapid and unpredictable changes in stock market has made it a challenging task. This paper gives us a intelligent stock market prediction that uses Long ShortTerm Memory(LSTM) and deep learning networks to predict the stock prices using the past financial data. The system uses real-time data from the past and online ,a machine-controlled preprocessors and user friendly Django-based web interface for comparison of actual versus predicted values. The results of this project show us accuracy and user management, showing the usefulness od the AI models like LSTMs in this project. This project stress on the capability of the AI-driven models in helping the future predication of the finance and its decisions.

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 Keywords

accuracy , LSTMs , AI-driven models , finance , stock

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid expansion of student enrollment and recruiting partnerships has transformed campus placement into a significant logistical challenge for educational institutions. Conventional manual processes--characterized by fragmented data handling and tedious eligibility verification--are increasingly prone to administrative bottlenecks and data inconsistencies. This paper proposes a "Smart Campus Placement System" (SCPS) designed to digitize and automate the recruitment lifecycle. By leveraging a centralized database, the system integrates student academic records, technical proficiencies, and personal profiles with real-time corporate requirements. Key features include automated eligibility filtering and a streamlined communication interface between stakeholders. Preliminary findings suggest that the SCPS significantly reduces administrative overhead, ensures data integrity, and enhances the placement efficiency for both students and recruiters.

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Machine learning, campus, placement

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Abstract This study explores the presence of short story elements in Sangam literature, one of the earliest forms of Tamil literary expression. Storytelling has long been an integral part of human culture, serving as a means of communication, entertainment, and emotional expression. Sangam texts such as Akananuru, Kurunthogai, Natrinai, and Kalithogai reveal significant features of short stories, including plot, characters, dialogue, and vivid situational depiction within a concise poetic structures. The short story as a formal literary genre emerged in the modern era, particularly in Western literature and its fundamental elements can be traced back to ancient Tamil Sangam poetry. This paper analyses the selected poems to highlight the ways they encapsulate the complete narrative experiences in a brief format. Themes such as love, relationships, social values, emotional conflicts, and moral reflections are presented through engaging and thought-provoking mini-narratives. The study also illustrates the process that the Sangam poems function as a "time mirror," reflecting the lifestyle, cultural practices, and ethical values of ancient Tamil society. Through selected examples, the paper demonstrates that these poems possess the essential qualities of modern short stories brevity, intensity, and the ability to provoke deep reflection in which it establishes the continuity of the storytelling traditions from ancient to modern times.

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 Keywords

Sangam Literature, Short Story Elements, Narrative Structure, Characterization, Emotional Themes Akananuru, Kurunthogai, Love Themes, Cultural Life, Dialogue, Storytelling Tradition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition