Volume 13 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

The stability of a system is basically regionalized networks, also known as micro grids, must be able to operate independently by cutting off their connection to the main grid in order for a system to stay stable. Customers' reliability can be raised by providing a more robust power supply. Due to reversed energy flow from distributed generator units, regional fluctuations, temporary micro grid modes, significant frequency discrepancies in electrically isolated mode operation, as well as financial and supply demand uncertainties, consistency, dependability, and security are in fact with micro grids In order for a system to remain stable, regionalized networks known as micro grids must be able to function independently by cutting off their connection to the main grid. By offering a stronger power supply, the dependability of consumers can be increased.

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 Keywords

interlinking converter ,distributed generators, bidirectional power flow, and hybrid micro grids (HMGs),and some related terms

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 Abstract

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has proven to be a revolutionary technology for electric vehicle (EV) charging, allowing contactless and efficient energy transfer. This paper reports the design and development of a better WPT system using a high-frequency inverter and resonant inductive coupling to deliver higher power transfer efficiency. A MATLAB/Simulink model is created using source-side and vehicle-side compensation networks, rectifiers, and battery charging logic. Performance of the system is analyzed over a range of different coil separations by varying mutual inductance values while holding coil parameters steady. Contrary to traditional anticipation that power transmission drops off as distance increases, simulation yields only a slight gain in transmitted power at larger separations. This aberrant behavior can be ascribed to the intrinsic characteristic of the resonant inductive coupling circuit that dynamically varies its operation as per variations in coupling strength while providing high energy transfer via tuned resonance at high frequency. The simulated model of this design reveals trustworthy performance, stable SOC process, and high efficiency, hence qualifies as an excellent candidate for practical EV wireless charging applications.

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 Keywords

Electric Vehicles(EV),Inductive Coupling, Wireless Charging, Efficiency, Wireless Power Transfer(WPT) ,MATLAB

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 Abstract

Effect of earthquake can be very hazardous to the structure influenced by these forces. There are many traditional methods for protection of structure against earthquake effects. But there are some disadvantages in these methods. Increasing strength and stiffness are some of the traditional methods. But they lead to higher sections and result in uneconomic design. To overcome these disadvantages associated with the traditional method, many vibration-control measures, called structural control, have been studied and remarkable advances in this respect have been made over recent years. This paper describes the effect of use of steel bracing, dampers, base isolator (lead rubber bearing), combination of steel bracing with dampers and the combination of base isolator with steel bracing in a structure subjected to earthquake motion. The structure is designed in ETABS 2016 and then bracings, dampers, base isolator and some combinations are applied respectively in 6 different models and results are compared. Force of ground motion that is earthquake force is applied to structure by using seismic coefficient method. Base isolated structure gives improved performance against seismic vibrations than conventional structure. The essential characteristics of base isolation system are isolation, energy dissipation, and restoring mechanism. It is shown that under design conditions, all base isolators can significantly reduce the acceleration transmitted to superstructure. Bracing and dampers are also useful reduction of storey drift and base shear.

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 Keywords

RCC, Bracings, Dampers, Base Isolators, Seismic Coefficient Method, Storey Displacement, Storey Drift, Base Shear, Lead Rubber Bearing, Time Period.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Retail businesses increasingly require real-time, digital solutions to manage inventory, sales, and customer interactions efficiently. This paper introduces Smart Shop Tracker, an advanced retail shop management application developed using Flutter and Supabase. The system provides features such as inventory control, sales tracking, billing generation, and real-time data updates. With Supabase's scalable backend and Flutter's cross-platform capabilities, the application offers an efficient and modern approach to shop management for small and medium-sized businesses.

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 Keywords

Flutter, Supabase, Smart Shop Tracker, Retail Management System, Cross-Platform App, Real-Time Sync, Backend-as-a-Service, Inventory System.

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Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been one of the most groundbreaking tax reforms implemented in India to simplify and introduce consolidation in the Indian indirect tax regime. The present study was aimed at analyzing consumers' awareness, consumers' attitudes, and consumer satisfaction levels towards GST among consumers located in Coimbatore. By using systematic questionnaires and statistical instruments such as percentages, Likert scale, and rank analysis, the research sets the level of consumer awareness, issues confronted by them, and the effects of GST on their buying decision and cost of living.

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 Keywords

GST, Consumer Awareness, Tax Perception, Indirect Tax, Coimbatore.

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This literature survey explores the evolution of credit information sharing, credit information bureaus in contemporary financial systems that support well-informed lending choices and improve credit market efficiency, and their effects on borrowers. The research looks at credit information exchange and credit bureaus in India and other nations. The results demonstrate the growing significance of credit information bureaus as a result of the widespread use of credit reports. Employers use it to find information about a candidate's credit history, and insurance companies, car manufacturers, landlords, and employers use it to assess a client's credit worthiness. Therefore, it is evident that the current financial system depends on the exchange of credit information. The results show that for high-quality borrowers, exchanging credit information lowers loan duration and the interest rate spread. It was discovered that credit information bureaus had a favourable and substantial effect on banks' credit performance, globally.

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Credit Information Bureaus, Credit Information Sharing, Credit Score, Banks

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Surrogacy represents a complex intersection of law, ethics, and human desire. As advancements in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) expand the possibilities of family creation, the practice of surrogacy continues to provoke profound questions about autonomy, consent, commodification, and trans-national justice. This paper explores the evolving legal landscapes and ethical controversies surrounding surrogacy, drawing on comparative perspectives from jurisdictions such as the United States, United Kingdom, India, and Ukraine. It examines the tension between commercial and altruistic models, the role of consent and economically asymmetrical arrangements, and the implications of cross-border surrogacy on citizenship, parentage, and regulation. Emphasising the need for coherent and rights based legal framework. The paper argues that ethical surrogacy must prioritise the dignity and agency of all parties involved - specially the surrogate and the child -while recognising the legitimacy of diverse family building aspirations. This paper delves into the various ethical and legal challenges surrounding surrogacy, with a focus on international and domestic perspective. It examines regulation of surrogacy, the ethical concerns it raises, the legal rights of all the parties involved, and the complexities in managing cross-border arrangements. Additionally, the research delves into the issue of exploitation, the commodification of reproduction and the need for international legal consistency that regulate surrogacy procedures. This paper has tried to examine surrogacy through a dual lens: a mechanism for reproductive empowerment and as a practice vulnerable to exploitation. It interrogates the normative framework that governments across different legal systems, evaluate the ethical implications of divergent regulatory models and considers the rights and interest of all stakeholders, including the surrogate intended parents and children. Thus, this paper seeks to illuminate the necessity for legal harmonisation and ethical clarity in the governance of surrogacy, specially in an era, defined by globalisation and technological advancements. The research ultimately advocates for internationally harmonised legal standards, grounded in reproductive justice, human rights, and informed consent. The study concludes with recommendations for reform in both ethical and legal frameworks that will make it safe and secure for the parties involved.

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 Keywords

'Surrogacy', 'Legal', 'Ethical', 'Cross-Border', 'Altruistic', 'Surrogate',

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Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors offer a powerful tool for label-free and real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions and to detect very low concentrations of chemical substances. Sensitivity of these sensors can be enhanced using thin metal films for the generation of surface plasmons. Based on the thickness and quality of the metal films, minute changes in the refractive index corresponding to biochemical events can be detected. Current study focuses on the biochemical sensitivity of glucose molecules on the thin film based SPR sensors. Copper was taken as the base metallic material for the preparation of thin film for generation of surface plasmons. The nature of SPR response of this metallic film was analysed by wavelength scanning method and for various thickness. Then its sensitivity to glucose molecule was studied by simulating a glucose solution environment above the metallic film. The SPR response was recorded for change in the refractive index of the order of 0.001. By optimizing the thickness and wavelength of excitation radiation, a very high sensitivity to glucose was obtained for copper thin film based SPR sensors.

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 Keywords

Sensitivity, Surface plasmon resonance, copper thin film, biochemical sensor

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Biomedical imaging is pivotal in diagnostics, treatment planning, and medical research. However, the quality of biomedical images is often compromised due to various sources of noise during acquisition. This paper proposes an AI-driven denoising framework aimed at enhancing biomedical image quality. Leveraging deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the proposed method effectively suppresses noise while preserving structural details crucial for clinical interpretation. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in image quality metrics such as PSNR and SSIM, highlighting the framework's potential for integration into clinical workflows.

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 Keywords

Biomedical Image Denoising, Deep Learning, CNN, PSNR, SSIM, Medical Imaging, Flask Web App, RealESRGAN, Noise Classification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper explores the legal framework, applications, and challenges associated with electronic signatures (e-signatures) in India. It examines the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000, which grants legal recognition to e-signatures and discusses the role of Certifying Authorities in ensuring their security and authenticity. The paper highlights the different types of e-signatures, including simple electronic signatures (SES), digital signatures, and advanced electronic signatures (AES), and their use across various sectors such as government, finance, and healthcare. Additionally, the study compares India's e-signature laws with those of international jurisdictions like the United States and the European Union. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving infrastructure, streamlining regulations, expanding legal recognition, and promoting public awareness to enhance the adoption of e-signatures in India. With the growth of digital transactions, e-signatures are poised to become a crucial tool in the country's digital transformation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Electronic Signatures, Information Technology Act, Certifying Authorities, Digital Signatures, Legal

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition