Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Nil

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This study examines the safety challenges encountered by single professional women in Udaipur City, with a focus on their perceptions of various safety risks and the coping strategies they employ. The background of the research highlights the growing concerns regarding safety for single women, including workplace harassment, sexual abuse at home, stalking, and the difficulties related to commuting late at night and finding safe housing. The study aims to investigate these safety challenges and assess how different age groups of women cope with such issues. A quantitative research design was adopted, with data collected through surveys from 180 single professional women, categorized into three age groups: 40-45, 45-50, and 50-55 years. The survey used a Likert scale to evaluate the frequency of safety concerns and coping strategies. The results revealed significant age-based differences in safety perceptions, with older women reporting higher levels of concern, particularly regarding harassment at work, late-night commuting, and the struggle to find secure accommodations. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions, such as workplace safety programs, better housing policies, and societal awareness initiatives, to address the unique safety challenges faced by single professional women in Udaipur City.

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 Keywords

Single Professional Women, Safety Challenges, Workplace Harassment, Sexual Harassment, Coping Strategies, Societal Perceptions, Gender-based Violence, Public Safety

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The principal formal agencies of criminal Justice are police, public prosecutor, Defense Lawyer and Judge. According to the constitution of India, police and the prison administration are the state subjects. But the supreme court of India at the federal level and high courts at the state level administer the judiciary in the entire country. The main objective of the criminal justice system is to secure the innocent and punish the guilty. In every civilized society governed by the rule of law, there is a criminal justice system in place for this system purpose. The new laws Bharatiya Nyaya Samhita 2024, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam 2024 are aimed to modernize the criminal justice system such as Electronic Records, Science and technologies, Forensic Examination, Videography of Crime Scenes and Digital Summons is the main focus of this study.

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BNS, Human Body Offences, Economic Offences, Property Offences, Women against Offences.

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This study explores the impact of e-commerce on employment opportunities in the districts of Wokha, Kohima, and Dimapur in Nagaland, India. By assessing the adoption of e-commerce, the potential benefits and challenges for local workers and entrepreneurs, and its effect on job creation, this research aims to provide insights into how e-commerce is shaping the local economy. Through a comparative approach, the study identifies regional differences in e-commerce adoption and the associated employment dynamics.

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Opportunities, impact,Nagaland

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The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has emphasized the integration of practical learning experiences with academic curricula to enhance the employability and holistic development of students. The aim of this study is to examine the postgraduate student's perception of industry exposure through on the job training and field projects as mandated under NEP guidelines. The study also focuses on the perceived relevance and usefulness of such exposure, identify key skills and competencies developed and examine challenges faced by the students. A structured questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection, and it was distributed randomly to postgraduate students across various disciplines to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The critical result of research indicates that OJT and field projects are vital for their study. Communication and technical skills are the most commonly gained competencies & students find challenging balancing academic workload and OJT.

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National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, Postgraduate Students, Industry Exposure, On-the-Job Training (OJT), Field Projects, Skill Development, Student Perception

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Medicinal plants have been integral to traditional medicine due to their rich therapeutic bioactive compounds. Accurate identification and classification of these plants are essential, especially given the presence of species with similar morphological traits and the influence of environmental factors on their chemical composition. With the rising demand for natural remedies and sustainable healthcare, Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches have emerged as effective tools for medicinal plant recognition. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), in particular, have shown strong performance in analyzing plant images by extracting key features such as leaf shape, size, texture, and color. These models enable the automated and accurate classification of Ayurvedic plants, improving reliability and efficiency. By bridging traditional herbal knowledge with advanced computational techniques, this research supports the development of intelligent systems for Ayurvedic leaf classification and contributes to advancements in drug discovery and sustainable medicine.

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Ayurvedic Plants,Machine Learning,Deep Learning,Convolutional Neural Network,Image Recobnition

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The transgender community is underrepresented people in public, political, and economic existence and in particular, stigmatized in society. It is their heritage to make use of society's prospects and facilities. This general idea is expected to summarize the dishonour, prejudice, elimination, and unfair approaches toward the transgender community in society. Transgender people in the world from the majority of society are based on an important judgment of existing data and substantiation. The journal also explored the socioeconomic state of affairs of the transgender centre population in India on the topic of income, learning, physical condition, accommodation, social relationships, and product from beginning to end an essential literature review. Here, we have decorated the magnitudes of society leaving out the transgender anti-establishment group in knowledge. Transgender people face severe ill-treatment due to different cultures and different norms to be standard. This underground faction suffers from the marvellous community, education, support, and economic possibility of keeping out in the world. Their source of profits is different than other centre of inhabitants in the society. The primary source of income for transgender is pleading and prostitution. They have no right to use it within general society, even in periods of entertaining and wedded preparation. People are unjustly scared of their attendance in community places. Separately from that, they are bodily and psychologically physically abused and underprivileged of proper physical condition checks and nationwide support. Transgender are depressed about government services and are adapted to unhappy lifestyles in society. They are the most vulnerable and underprivileged underground as they lack the right of entry to excellent armed forces, health care, and service occasions. Social acknowledgment and economic freedom may be the first step to improving inequity toward the transgender population.

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Transgender, Society, Community, Abuse, Service

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This systematic review examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, and viral suppression. The pandemic disrupted healthcare systems globally, leading to reduced access to HIV prevention and treatment services, particularly among vulnerable populations such as people living with HIV (PLWH). Lockdowns and resource shifts affected HIV testing, treatment adherence, and care continuity. In Jiangsu province, for example, HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) fell by 59%, and ART initiation dropped by 34%.Using data from the AIDS Healthcare Foundation (AHF) Global Quality Program across 44 countries, researchers compared HIV service indicators from January to August 2020 with the same period in 2019. Despite challenges, many PLWH maintained viral suppression, possibly due to strong treatment adherence, telehealth, and strategies like ART home delivery. However, overall global HIV efforts slowed, and testing declined sharply, with a 37.8% drop in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services from 2019 to 2021.While most PLWH who contracted COVID-19 experienced mild to moderate symptoms, the pandemic exposed and deepened health disparities. Key HIV care indicators--such as linkage to care and ART continuity--were preserved in many cases, but ongoing support, targeted strategies, and behavioral research are essential to mitigate long-term impacts and maintain progress in HIV control.

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HIV,COVID-19,Antiretroviral Therapy (ART),Viral Suppression,HIV Testing, Healthcare Disruption,People Living with HIV (PLWH), Telehealth.

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This study examines the impact of financial inclusion on the profitability of Indian public sector banks from 2017 to 2023. Financial inclusion, characterized by expanded access to banking services such as digital payments and financial accounts, is increasingly recognized as a critical driver of economic growth and financial stability. However, its direct influence on bank profitability remains less explored. This paper investigates this relationship using the Financial Inclusion Index (FII) as a key independent variable, with Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Assets (ROA) as the primary profitability indicators. Data were sourced from the Reserve Bank of India and the CEIC database, covering a six-year period. Correlation and regression analyses reveal a moderately positive association between FII and both ROE and ROA, indicating that higher financial inclusion can enhance profitability. However, this growth is accompanied by challenges, including elevated non-performing loans (NPLs) and increased transaction costs when extending services to previously unbanked populations. The findings highlight the need for robust risk management and supportive regulatory frameworks to maximize the profitability benefits of financial inclusion while mitigating associated risks. The study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable banking practices and provides actionable insights for policymakers and financial institutions seeking to balance financial inclusion with profitability.

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Financial Inclusion, Public Sector Banks, Profitability, Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA)

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Commodity Market plays a vital role in an agrarian-economy more so in a country like India wherein 75% of population depends on agriculture. In a today's dynamic financial market, the economic well-being of farmers depends on trading in commodity market and using commodity market as base for trading in spot market. This is possible only when the farmers are having knowledge about commodity market but also about trading strategies. Lot of research has been in the area but no research inputs are available regarding farmers' awareness and knowledge about commodity market and about trading strategies in Belagavi District. This has motivated the Researcher to take up the present study. The present study aims to assess the level of awareness among farmers regarding Commodity Market and to examine the role of government and non-government agencies in creating awareness about commodity market. The study revealed that farmers lack of awareness and understanding of Commodity Markets, Commodity Future Contracts, and the risks and benefits associated with them. To bridge the knowledge gap, educational and promotional efforts are crucial. These initiatives would empower farmers to take informed investment decisions, ultimately contributing to the growth and participation in the commodity markets.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Commodity Market, Commodity Future Contract, Contract Size, Risk

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition