Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Oral drugs are commonly prescribed for the treatment of acute pain other than thee agents certain anticonvulsant and antidepressant are also prescribed for chronic pain. although being effective in providing pain relief, oral administration frequently result in systemic adverse drug reaction which may prevent their on going use and result in their discontinuation with the growing interest in herbal therapies among persons associated with chronic pain. Inflammation, arthritis or other medical conditions. There exist a need for formulation and evaluation of herbal pain relief spray topical analgesics are useful to provide symptomatic benefits seen with oral agents but devoid of the systematic ADRs essential oil extracted from plant some of which are known analgesic compounds like essential ginger oil. Peppermint oil, eucalyptus oil. Camphor. the material we used have not been use to make this pain relief spray before the aim of the study was to evaluate the sensorial profiling of newly formulate the rapid action spray in meeting the consumer expectation a s topical pain relief

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 Keywords

Polyherbal, pain relief spray, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, herbal formulation, topical application.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing integration of technology into human resource management (HRM) has brought HR analytics to the forefront as a strategic tool for enhancing organizational effectiveness. This study explores various HR analytical tools and examines their impact on core HRM functions such as recruitment, performance management, employee engagement, and workforce planning. By leveraging data-driven insights, organizations can make informed decisions that improve operational efficiency and employee satisfaction. Through a combination of literature review and case studies, this research identifies key trends, benefits, and challenges associated with adopting HR analytics. The findings suggest that when effectively implemented, HR analytical toolsnot only optimize HR processes but also contribute significantly to achieving broader organizational goals. This study highlights the critical role of HR analytics in shaping the future of human resource management.

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 Keywords

HR analytical tools, HRM functions

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Entrepreneurs play a significant role in shaping industries, introducing innovative solutions, and driving social and economic development. Understanding the perception of students towards entrepreneurship is essential, as they represent the future workforce and potential business leaders. Their attitudes, aspirations, and challenges in pursuing entrepreneurship can provide valuable insights into how the entrepreneurial ecosystem can be strengthened, particularly in rural areas like Santhanpara Grama Panchayath. This study aims to explore how students view entrepreneurship, their level of interest in starting their own ventures, and the factors that influence their entrepreneurial mindset. Various aspects such as awareness about entrepreneurship, access to financial resources, support from educational institutions, influence of family and society, risk tolerance, and government policies play a crucial role in shaping students' perspectives on entrepreneurship. The study will examine whether students see entrepreneurship as a viable career path, the challenges they anticipate, and the resources they believe are necessary to support their entrepreneurial journey with a random sample of 80 students.The gender parity in the study allows for a more comprehensive understanding of entrepreneurial aspirations, challenges, and motivators across different demographics, contributing to the study's objective of evaluating students' perceptions toward entrepreneurship in a semi-rural area. A higher percentage of graduates and postgraduates in the study ensures a more informed perspective on entrepreneurial opportunities, challenges, and the role of education in fostering an entrepreneurial mindset.The high awareness level suggests that entrepreneurship is a recognized concept among students, potentially influenced by education, media, and government initiatives. The students are more inclined toward modern, scalable, and knowledge- based industries rather than traditional production-oriented businesses.These insights suggest that fostering financial literacy, encouraging innovation, and providing social entrepreneurship support could further strengthen the entrepreneurial mindset among students in the region.

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 Keywords

Students Perception, motives and obstacles ,Entrepreneurship, risk tolerance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Growth and development of sports tourism has emerged as an important parameter which can contribute to overall development of an economy. Thus, to facilitate the development of economy, promotion of local culture, and to attract more customers, it is necessary to study sports tourism. In this context, the present research has focused on establishment of sports tourism in India as India is now emerging as a sport major economy especially owing to its performance in Cricket, Hockey, Wrestlling, Football and other Olympic sports. The research found that sports tourism offers considerable economic benefits, comprising job creation, infrastructure development, and augmented cultural altercation, which can have positive ripple effects across the country. But by focusing on sustainable practices and safeguarding that local communities benefit, India can create a robust sports tourism industry that contributes to its socio-economic development while preserving its cultural heritage.

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 Keywords

, Sports, Sports Tourism, Opportunities Challenges

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

1. ABSTRACT Drawing on the Global Education Monitoring Report (GEMR) and employing a decolonial lens, this paper critiques the evidence-based policy suggestions of international organizations in education. It argues that despite aiming to address inequalities, the GEMR inadvertently perpetuates colonial discourses and power dynamics. Through a deconstruction of Western norms and standards, the paper highlights how hierarchies are reinforced, the West is positioned as the primary subject of modernity, and the global north is represented a-historically. The paper then proposes a reconstruction of new norms and standards by centering the subaltern subjectivities, interrogating presumed political subjects, and challenging dominant socio-psychological mindsets. Ultimately, this study advocates for a decolonized approach to evidence-based policy in education to genuinely foster equity.

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 Keywords

Deconial,Education,Evidence-based Policy,Global Education Monitoring Report (GEMR), Eurocentric, UNESCO, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

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This research paper investigates the creative processes that empower filmmakers to transform confined spaces into dynamic cinematic environments while drawing instructive parallels to innovative micro-architectural design. Through an in-depth examination of case studies--including films such as The Man From Earth, Exam, Buried, Locke, and The Guilty--this study dissects technical challenges related to cinematography, lighting, set design, sound engineering, and crew coordination. In addition, it explores economic and sustainability considerations that underpin lowbudget filmmaking and compact architecture, suggesting that these resourceful approaches can inspire cost-effective and environmentally sustainable solutions for urban living. The paper ultimately provides a holistic blueprint for leveraging spatial constraints as opportunities for creative and sustainable design.

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 Keywords

Cinema, Film, Architecture, micro architecture, Budget filmmaking

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) techniques have revolutionized personalized healthcare systems by providing tailored medicine recommendations. This research proposes a Medicine Recommendation System that utilizes patient data, including symptoms, diagnosis history, and demographics, to predict the most suitable medicines. Various ML algorithms such as Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Neural Networks were evaluated to determine their effectiveness. Experimental results demonstrate that ML-based models significantly outperform traditional rule-based systems, providing faster and more accurate prescriptions

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 Keywords

Machine Learning, Medicine Recommendation, Healthcare AI, Personalized Medicine, Decision Support System

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder marked by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and systemic inflammation. Conventional treatments often include corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, but these carry considerable side effects with long-term use. Hence, there is increasing interest in herbal therapies. This study aims to formulate and evaluate a topical herbal cream incorporating Psoralea corylifolia extract, targeting psoriasis symptoms. The herbal cream was evaluated for physicochemical properties, spreadability, pH, viscosity, washability, and skin irritation. The formulations demonstrated good stability, favorable skin compatibility, significant spreadability, and non-irritant nature. This indicates the potential of herbal cream as a safe and effective alternative for managing psoriasis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Psoriasis, Psoralea corylifolia, Herbal formulation, Skin disorders, Natural therapy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

. The project focuses on evaluating the effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient of a selected heat exchanger model, such as a shell-and-tube or plate-type unit. Experimental data was collected by circulating hot and cold fluids through the exchanger and measuring inlet and outlet temperatures, flow rates, and pressure drops. The effectiveness-NTU (Number of Transfer Units) method and energy balance equations were applied to determine the exchanger's efficiency. Results indicate that heat exchanger efficiency improves with increased flow rates and higher temperature differentials, but is also affected by fouling, material properties, and flow configuration. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing design and operating parameters to enhance thermal performance and energy savings in practical applications.

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Heat exchanger, ansys ,CFD, Efficiency , heating efficiency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication is composed to thereby revolutionize the transportation, urban infrastructure, and the automotive industry by enabling seamless connectivity between vehicles and their surrounding environment. This technology carries out the communication not only between vehicles but also with infrastructure elements which includes such as traffic lights, road signs, pedestrians, and other connected devices, creating a safer and more efficient road ecosystem. The implementation of V2X communication has the potential to significantly reduce the traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and road accidents, making it a crucial component in the development of autonomous vehicles and smart city infrastructure by creating a safer environment for commuters.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), autonomous vehicles, smart traffic management, connected infrastructure, traffic simulation, road safety, fuel consumption reduction, traffic congestion, smart cities, vehicular networks, simulation platform, emerging technologies.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition