Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Virudhunagar District, located in southern Tamil Nadu, spans about 4,288 square kilometers and is bordered by Madurai, Sivaganga, Ramanathapuram, and Thoothukudi districts. Its administrative center is the town of Virudhunagar, the largest in the district. Known for its cultural heritage, historical importance, natural beauty, and industrial development, the district played a notable role during British rule. The Zamindari System, introduced during colonial times, significantly influenced the region's socio-economic structure. This article explores the system's administration in Virudhunagar, highlighting its background, main features, and regional impact. Administrative reforms included the establishment of Circle Boards between taluk and district levels. In the Tirunelveli and Madurai circles--areas now within Virudhunagar--duties like road maintenance, education, and public health were assigned to local fund boards, supported by local revenues. These boards managed infrastructure development, including schools, hospitals, and roads. By 1950, the area that is now Virudhunagar district had six municipalities.

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Virudhunagar, zamindari system,circle boards,municipalities and taluk

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????????? (Key Words) : ??????, ???????, ?????, ???????????, ???????? ???, ??????, ??????? ????, ?????????, ?????????, ????? ??????

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This paper explores the development of a personalized food diet chart recommendation system leveraging machine learning techniques. Recognizing the growing awareness of the crucial role of diet in maintaining health and preventing chronic diseases, and the overwhelming amount of often conflicting nutritional information available, this research aims to create an intelligent system capable of generating tailored dietary plans. The proposed system utilizes user-specific data, including dietary restrictions, allergies, health conditions, lifestyle factors (such as activity level and work schedule), and preferences, as input. By employing machine learning algorithms, such as collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and potentially hybrid approaches, the system analyzes patterns in user data and nutritional information to recommend suitable food items and meal plans. This research investigates various data sources for training the model, including food composition databases, user-provided information through questionnaires or wearable device integration, and potentially existing dietary guidelines. The paper will delve into the challenges of data acquisition, preprocessing, and feature engineering to effectively represent user profiles and food characteristics. Furthermore, the study will explore different machine learning models and evaluate their performance in terms of recommendation accuracy, novelty, and user satisfaction. The system aims to provide not only a list of food items but also structured meal plans with appropriate portion sizes and nutritional balance, ultimately empowering individuals to make informed dietary choices and achieve their health and wellness goals. The potential impact of such a system lies in its ability to offer accessible, personalized, and evidence-based dietary guidance, contributing to improved public health outcomes.

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Machine Learning, Food Recommendation System, Diet Chart, Personalized Nutrition, Dietary Planning, Health Informatics, Nutritional Information, Collaborative Filtering, Content-Based Filtering, User Profiling, Dietary Restrictions, Allergies.

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Recidivism, or the propensity of an convicted offender to commit further offences, is a persistent issue in the discipline of criminology and criminal justice. This essay investigates the psychological, social, and structural drivers of repeated deviant behaviour and asks why some individuals, despite being punished through the legal system, persist in committing illegal acts. The research holds that deviant behaviour in career offenders is not just a product of moral deficiency but in many instances strongly linked to systemic marginalization, failure in rehabilitation, mental illness, and economic insecurity. By examining case studies, prison reform documents, and theoretical models of deviance, the paper illustrates the shortcomings of punitive justice systems that prioritize punishment over alterations in behaviour. It also explores the way in which Labelling theory, differential association, and strain theory all lead towards recidivism. The study emphasizes that an interdisciplinary approach blending legal, psychological, and sociological understandings is essential to address the underlying causes of recidivism. Rehabilitation, community integration schemes, and psychiatric interventions are emphasized to end the cycle of reoffending. Finally, the paper posits that it is only when deviant behaviour is treated as a by-product of underlying motivational and environmental causation that recidivism will ever stop defying social order.

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Recidivism, Deviant Behaviour, Rehabilitation, Criminal Psychology, Social Reintegration

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P. Lankesh's Sankranthi is a bold and unflinching drama that unpacks the entrenched caste divisions in rural Karnataka. Set against the backdrop of a celebratory harvest festival, the play juxtaposes festivity with the stark reality of systemic social oppression. One of the most compelling instruments Lankesh uses to highlight caste discrimination is language -- not merely as a means of communication but as a mechanism of power, hierarchy, and humiliation. In Sankranthi, language functions as a vehicle of dominance, and through it, Lankesh exposes the caste system's psychological violence.

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psychological violence mechanism of power,

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This study investigates the critical relationship between workplace safety and employee well- being at Tube Products of India, a leading manufacturer in the industrial sector. In an era where organizational success is deeply linked to employee health and morale, understanding how safety measures influence well-being has become essential.

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Workplace Safety, Employee Well-being, Industrial Sector, Organizational Success.

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The novel formulation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) without using a disintegrating agent was prepared and evaluated. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a fast-disintegrating tablet by using (API) as a model drug. The formulation prepared by sublimation technique by using camphor as a sublimating agent. Disintegration is obtained by the porous structure of the tablet which is obtained by sublimation of camphor. This research mainly includes the drug delivery system which is cost effective and easy for manufacturing. Porosity plays a major role in this system. As porosity will increase the disintegration time will decrease means tablets will disintegrate fast and drug release will also be good. The most widely used and appropriate route of administration for FDT is the oral route because of versatility, simplicity of intake, and most importantly patient compliance. FDT are modern system of drug delivery because it has leas disintegration time in comparison with normal tablets and gives disintegration of within a few seconds to minutes. The study curried out on five different combination (i.e. F1 to F5), and the F4 formulation shows better test results which disintegrates in 30 sec which is within the limit. The prepared FDT were characterized for hardness, weight variation, friability, disintegration time, content uniformity.

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Rapid disintegrating tablets, patient compliance, sublimation, spray drying, freeze drying.

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Nanotechnology and advanced instrumentation have numerous applications in the field of forensic science. Examples include gold nanoparticles used to enhance polymerase chain reaction efficiency and atomic force microscopy for analysing ink and bloodstains. Various nanoparticles can be used for detecting fingerprint and their ridge details on various surfaces , nanoparticles like silver, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, gold (with silver physical developer), europium, fluorescent carbon, and amphiphilic silica but Gold is the most commonly used. Fingerprints are valuable evidence at crime scenes, and nano-based approaches have great potential for future investigations. This paper explores the use of gold nanoparticles to produce and identify latent fingerprints through MMD technique. Multimetal deposition is a versatile technique for identifying latent fingerprints on porous things such as fabric tape, masking tape, and cardboard; semi-porous goods such as expanded polystyrene, latex gloves, waxed paper; and non-porous items such as metals and plastics.

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Latent Fingerprint. Gold Nanoparticles, Forensic Investigation

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ABSTRACT This research explores the relationship between transformational leadership and employee performance. The study focuses on four key dimensions of transformational leadership: Inspirational Motivation, Idealized Influence, Intellectual Stimulation, and Individualized Consideration. Employee performance is defined based on specific indicators, including completing work accurately with minimal errors, meeting deadlines without unnecessary delays, consistently achieving or exceeding work targets, and performing tasks independently with minimal supervision. The total population consisted of 280 employees, out of which 162 responses were received and considered for analysis. A quantitative research design was followed, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Non-parametric statistical tools spearman's rank correlation analysis, were used for data analysis using SPSS software. The objective is to understand how transformational leadership influences employee performance. The findings provide meaningful insights for IT organizations looking to enhance workforce effectiveness through leadership, particularly in the context of digital transformation and organizational development.

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Key words- Transformational Leadership, Employee Performance, Inspirational Motivation, Idealized Influence, Intellectual Stimulation, Individualized Consideration.

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The use of natural ingredients in skincare has gained immense popularity due to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. Among various herbal components, turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been widely recognized for its medicinal and cosmetic benefits. Turmeric is rich in curcumin, a bioactive compound known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Traditionally, turmeric has been used in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine for treating skin conditions such as acne, hyperpigmentation, and wounds. In modern cosmetics, turmeric is incorporated into formulations like creams, masks, and serums to enhance skin health naturally.

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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TURMERIC FACE CREAM

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