Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The increasing awareness of the harmful effects of synthetic compounds in commercial oral hygiene products has led to a growing interest in herbal alternatives. This study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of an herbal toothpaste using natural ingredients such as Neem (Azadirachta indica), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and Turmeric (Curcuma longa), combined with safe excipients like baking soda, salt, coconut oil, and peppermint oil. These herbal agents were selected for their proven antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing properties. The toothpaste was prepared in three different batches with varying ingredient ratios and evaluated for physicochemical characteristics including pH, spreadability, foamability, smoothness, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Results indicated that all formulations exhibited acceptable properties, with Batch 3 showing superior antibacterial activity. The study demonstrates that herbal toothpaste can be a safe, effective, and environmentally sustainable alternative to synthetic formulations, aligning with modern preferences for natural healthcare solutions.

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 Keywords

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL TOOTHPASTE A NATURAL APPROACH TO ORAL HYGIENE

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and spread of aberrant cells. The intricacy and variety of cancer still provide enormous therapeutic obstacles, despite tremendous advances in medical research. A wide range of anti-cancer tactics have surfaced in recent years, including more advanced techniques like targeted therapy and immunotherapy as well as more traditional ones like chemotherapy and radiation. Although patient outcomes have greatly improved as a result of these treatments, problems like toxicity, off-target effects, and drug resistance still pose serious risks. Concurrent with these developments, natural substances--in particular, phytochemicals obtained from therapeutic plants--have attracted a lot of interest because of their multiple modes of action, reduced toxicity, and capacity to improve the effectiveness of traditional treatments. With a focus on the therapeutic advantages, limits, and molecular functions of synthetic and plant-derived chemicals in cancer treatment, this study offers a thorough summary of both established and new anti-cancer treatments. Combining historic knowledge with contemporary pharmacological techniques could yield new insights and open the door to more individualized and successful cancer treatments.

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 Keywords

Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Radiotherapy, Phytochemicals, Medicinal Plants, Natural Compounds, Plant-Derived Medications, Apoptosis, Anti-Cancer Therapy, Chemotherapy, and Tumour Suppression

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This paper presents a detailed short circuit analysis of the 33/11 kV MSEDCL substation using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) software. The substation, located in a critical urban zone, is responsible for distributing power to several essential areas, including medical and residential facilities. Short circuit faults--such as three-phase, line-to-ground, line-to-line, and double line-to-ground--can severely impact power system reliability if not properly analyzed and mitigated. In this study, real-time data was collected from the MSEDCL substation, including transformer ratings, circuit breaker settings, current and potential transformer ratios, and system layout. The substation was modeled in ETAP, and fault simulations were conducted on the 11 kV bus to observe the system's behavior under various fault conditions. The results provided valuable insights into fault current magnitudes, equipment stress levels, and the adequacy of existing protection systems. Based on the analysis, recommendations were made to improve protection coordination and ensure safer operation. This study highlights the importance of short circuit analysis in designing and maintaining reliable power distribution systems and supports the development of optimized protection schemes for urban substations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Short Circuit Analysis, 33/11 kv Substation, Etap Software, Fault Current, Electrical Faults, 4-Bus Network, Substation Simulation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Social media systems offer a space for open verbal exchange but they are also susceptible to the unfold of toxic content material cyberbullying and hate speech this undertaking introduces an ai-driven system that leverages recurrent neural networks RNN and natural language processing NLP to discover and mitigate harmful language in social media interactions the device constantly monitors user sports along with posting and liking feedback making sure actual-time identity of toxic content whilst a user posts a remark containing dangerous language the system generates an automated warning message informing them of the violation the device keeps a records of violations and repeated offenses lead to stricter penalties including temporary suspensions and account blocking off this structured enforcement mechanism discourages users from undertaking harmful interactions even as fostering a more secure online environment the task entails education an RNN-primarily based version on a dataset containing toxic and non-poisonous language patterns permitting accurate class of harmful content material superior NLP techniques which include tokenization sentiment analysis and context-aware filtering enhance the detection accuracy the gadget operates seamlessly within a social media platform integrating an automated moderation framework that balances person freedom of expression with the need of keeping a deferential digital area by using implementing this ai-powered method the task pursuits to decrease the superiority of poisonous interactions mitigate the psychological effect of cyberbullying and sell a more healthy online discourse this initiative contributes to creating a more inclusive and accountable digital surroundings making sure that social media stays a platform for optimistic engagement instead of a breeding ground for harmful behaviour.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Toxic Comment Detection, Hate Speech Detection, AI Moderation System, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Sentiment Analysis, Automated Warning System, Real-Time Content Monitoring, Social Media Safety, Online Harassment Prevention

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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DC-DC converters, reducing or decreasing the input voltage at the output, are commonly used in many power electronics application. Generally, all types of converter are derived from Buck or Boost converter topology. Conventional control methods has slow dynamic response to power source perturbation compared to one cycle control method. This paper demonstrates that switching converters based on One-Cycle Control strategy. One cycle control is a kind of nonlinear control technique. It is defined as the average value of the switched variable can follow its control reference within a switching cycle. In this paper presents one cycle control method and PI Control Method for buck converter and its results are analyzing using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Buck converter is analyzed with two control methods, PI and One Cycle Control (OCC), have been applied to set the output voltage at desired voltage level with 100 W output power and 10 kHz switching frequency. The simulation results have been obtained by using Simulink/MATLAB and compared with each other. The results include the dynamic response of the suggested control methods with variation of reference, power at output and input voltages. And, the proposed OCC method has better results from the point of load and reference variation. For input voltage variation PI control method is superior.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

One cycle control, buck converter, PI Control, DC-DC converter

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The research project entitled "A Study on Employee Motivation at SIBAR AUTOPARTS PRIVATE LIMITED" aims to examine the level of motivation among employees and identify the key factors influencing their performance and job satisfaction. The study was conducted using a structured questionnaire containing multiple-choice and closed-ended questions, targeting various departments within the organization. It explored aspects such as recognition, incentives, working conditions, and communication between employees and management. The main objectives of the study were to assess the motivation levels of employees, understand the motivational strategies implemented by the company, and suggest improvements for enhancing employee engagement and productivity. The research design adopted was descriptive in nature, enabling the identification of employee attitudes and behaviour. A random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Both primary data (collected through questionnaires ) and secondary data (sourced from books, journals, and the internet) were utilized. The findings revealed that most employees are reasonably motivated and maintain a healthy relationship with management. However, there is potential for improvement in areas such as recognition and career development opportunities.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Employee Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Incentives, Performance, Workplace Engagement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The successful implementation of customer relationship management (CRM) is not easy and seems to be a complex task.Almostabout 70%ofallCRMimplementationprojectsfailto achieve their expected objectives. In today's era of competitive business and survival, there are some vital factors which lead to the success or failure of any business or organization. A CRM analysis will also be performed in this project. The project depicts a dataset extracted from UCI(UC Irvine) repository preceded by data pre processing, data cleansing, feature extraction, splitting the data in the dataset into two parts-training and testing data, predicting results using a machine learning algorithm. There are several machine learning algorithms such as KNN (K-Nearest Neighbors), Linear Regression, Naive Bayes Theorem, Random Forest and soon. Recruiting the right person for the right job is a crucial factor as it indirectly helps in providing a stable economy and give huge revenues or profits for the particular business organization. The project mainly emphasizes and depicts the key point that the organization's economic stability and employee turnover depends on the overall work productivity from an individual employee's perspective.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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CRM, UCI repository, data preprocessing, data cleansing, feature extraction, training and testing data, machine learning algorithm, KNN, Linear Regression, Naive Bayes Theorem, Random Forest, employee turnover.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper presents the design and implementation of HAPPYHEADS: EMPOWERING MENTAL HEALTH, a digital platform that supports mental well-being through personalized self-care tools, therapy features, and community-based support. Based on prior research, which highlighted the growing need for accessible, all-in-one mental health solutions, this work focuses on translating that concept into a functional system using modern web technologies and AI tools. The platform provides a variety of tools, including modules for stress management, access to virtual counseling, structured self-guided exercises, and moderated forums for peer support. Central features such as adaptive AI recommendations, health monitoring functions, and therapist communication channels have been incorporated to deliver effective and responsive care. With a user-first approach, the platform is built to be simple, inclusive, and open to regular updates based on user feedback. This implementation shows that a digital solution like this is not only practical but also impactful, setting the stage for future upgrades like gamification, wearable integration, and larger-scale deployment. Overall, it demonstrates how thoughtful tech can help people manage stress, build resilience, and improve their mental health in everyday life.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Mental Health, Digital Health Platform, Web Application, Therapy Booking System, Community Support, AI-Powered Personalization, Telehealth Integration, Gamification in Mental Health, Data Privacy in Healthcare

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indus Valley Civilization (2600-1900 BCE), also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the most advanced and widespread urban civilizations of the ancient world. It featured well-planned cities, a vibrant economy, sophisticated craftsmanship, and an undeciphered script. This paper explores its origin, development, urban features, social structure, economy, religion, arts, science, and ultimate decline. Based on archaeological evidence and scholarly interpretation, this study aims to provide a deep and original insight into the legacy of one of history's greatest civilizations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Indus Valley Civilization, Harappan Culture, Urban Planning, Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Bronze Age, Ancient India, Archaeology, Trade Networks, Craftsmanship, Social Structure, Drainage System, Religion, Decline, Script, Civilization Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Dual citizenship indicates a person is a legal member of two countries simultaneously. This can benefit people by making living, working, and traveling between countries easier. However, it also causes legal issues. Different countries have different rules for dual citizenship; some allow it, while others do not. The US permits dual citizenship, albeit with certain limitations. One of the most significant challenges is that the United States taxes its residents on their worldwide income, which means that even if someone lives abroad, they still have to pay taxes to the American government. Dual citizens may have to pay double taxes as a result. However, Canada allows dual citizenship with greater flexibility. The nation does not require its people to relinquish their citizenship in any of the other countries they may possess. This paper explains how dual citizenship works and what challenges it presents. For example, a person with two passports may be required to follow two sets of laws, pay taxes in both countries, or even serve in the military of both nations. Understanding the legal consequences of dual citizenship in both countries can help people negotiate difficulties and maximize the benefits of having two passports. Using instances from the real world, the research examines how international laws attempt to address these issues while respecting both individual rights and government regulations. It also looks at how more countries are recognizing dual citizenship and how this impacts people's identities as well as their freedom to travel across borders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Dual citizenship, diplomatic, US, CANADA, legal consequences

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition