Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Corrosion in underwater environments poses a significant risk to marine infrastructure, necessitating efficient and cost-effective monitoring solutions. Traditional inspection methods involving human divers are costly, time-consuming, and hazardous. This paper presents a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) designed for underwater corrosion detection. The proposed system integrates a FREDI HD PLUS ENDOSCOPE for high-definition video capture, a relay-controlled propulsion system, and a machine learning-based corrosion detection algorithm utilising YOLOv11. The ROV is optimized for affordability and simplicity, making it accessible for small-scale operations and academic research. The results demonstrate the system's ability to provide real-time corrosion analysis, offering a viable alternative to traditional inspection techniques.

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 Keywords

Corrosion in underwater environments, ROV, underwater corrosion detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Geographical Indications (GIs) offer a promising framework for empowering rural communities by enhancing product identity, securing higher incomes, and preserving cultural heritage. Karnataka, with its rich agro-biodiversity and cultural depth, has emerged as a leading state in GI registrations. However, despite successful examples like Coorg Arabica Coffee and Byadagi Chilli, the state's local crop varieties remain underutilized in the GI ecosystem. This article explores how expanding GI registration to currently unregistered indigenous crops can become a tool for inclusive rural economic governance. It concludes with a set of strategic recommendations to harness this untapped potential through institutional strengthening, farmer mobilization, and policy integration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Geographical Indications, Karnataka, Rural Governance, Local Crops, Agricultural Policy, Economic Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The financial services sector faces growing ethical challenges, including fraud, lack of transparency, conflicts of interest, and governance lapses, all of which impact public trust and sector stability. This study examines such issues within financial consultancy firms like FNB, analysing how they affect ethical conduct and regulatory compliance. It also explores the dual role of digital technologies in improving service delivery while raising concerns over data privacy and fairness. The research highlights the need for stronger ethical frameworks, transparent practices, and a values-driven workplace culture. The study emphasizes the role of regulatory bodies in enforcing standards and fostering collaboration to create a more responsible and trustworthy financial ecosystem.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Ethical Challenges, Financial Services, Financial Consultancy, Governance, Transparency, Artificial Intelligence, Data Privacy, Regulatory Compliance, Trust, Workplace Ethics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This paper introduces a comprehensive, IoT-based smart energy management system designed to meet the growing global demand for sustainable and efficient energy usage. The system seamlessly integrates renewable energy sources with the existing power grid while employing real-time analytics and intelligent source switching to optimise energy consumption. A key feature of the system is its ability to autonomously select the most efficient power source--solar, wind, or grid--based on live consumption data and environmental conditions. With the aid of IoT modules and microcontrollers, data is continuously collected, monitored, and visualised on a cloud-connected dashboard. This ensures not only energy savings but also provides transparency, encourages user participation, and supports long-term sustainability objectives.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Smart Energy Management, Internet of Things (IoT), Renewable Energy, Dual Source Switching, Energy Analytics, Real-Time Monitoring, Automation, Sustainable Energy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This review paper critically examines the role of the Governor in India's federal structure, with a focus on the constitutional, judicial, and political dimensions shaping its functioning. The research explores how the office, envisioned as a neutral constitutional authority under Articles 153-167 of the Indian Constitution, has evolved into a politically charged institution, especially in opposition-ruled states. Using a qualitative, doctrinal methodology, the paper analyzes key constitutional provisions, landmark Supreme Court judgments (such as S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab), and findings from major commissions (Sarkaria Commission, NCRWC, Punchhi Commission). It highlights the recurring misuse of discretionary powers, politically motivated appointments and removals, and delays in government formation and legislative assent. The judiciary's role is assessed as corrective yet reactive, with important verdicts reinforcing constitutional morality and federal balance, but lacking enforceable structural reforms. The study identifies a persistent gap between constitutional ideals and political realities and emphasizes the need for codification of conventions, transparent appointment procedures, and the institutionalization of a code of conduct for Governors. It concludes that without meaningful reform, the Governor's office will continue to function more as an agent of the Centre than as a guardian of state constitutional order, undermining India's cooperative federalism and democratic integrity.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Governor, Indian federalism, constitutional discretion, Centre-State relations, judicial review, President's Rule.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This extensive review discusses the therapeutic value of Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle) in diabetes treatment, integrating evidence from traditional uses to recent research. C. roseus possesses major antidiabetic activity by different mechanisms such as inhibition of ?-glucosidase, increased glucose uptake, protection of pancreatic ?-cells, and modulation of major metabolic signaling pathways such as AMPK activation. In vitro experiments validate these mechanisms, whereas in vivo studies in diabetic animal models show significant glucose-lowering actions, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and prevention of diabetes complications. While encouraging preclinical data, clinical uses are hampered by standardization issues, alkaloid profile variability, limited pharmacokinetic information, and a lack of large-scale human trials. Traditional formulations and novel pharmaceutical preparations provide multiple administration routes, although best delivery systems are still in development. This review critically appraises the current evidence regarding C. roseus in the management of diabetes, weighs its possible integration into clinical practice, and recognizes essential research priorities such as advanced biotechnological means for standardized manufacture, exhaustive safety profiling, and stringent clinical trials to maximize fully its therapeutic potential as a complementary intervention in the worldwide battle to combat the emerging diabetes epidemic.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Catharanthus Roseus, antidiabetic alkaloids, insulin, hypoglycemics effects , vincristine, vinblastine , type-2 diabetes mellitus, glucose

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Tourism has become a vital economic driver in rural regions like Pulga Village, Himachal Pradesh, offering both opportunities and challenges. As Pulga, located in the scenic Parvati Valley, grows in popularity among domestic and international tourists for its natural beauty and trekking routes. It faces an increase in carbon emissions, primarily from transportation, accommodation, and energy consumption. These emissions contribute to climate change, which manifests locally through unpredictable weather patterns, soil erosion, landslides, and the depletion of natural resources. The local community, which relies on both agriculture and tourism for their livelihoods, is increasingly vulnerable to these climate-related changes. Disruptions in agricultural cycles, declining crop yields, and reduced water availability are becoming pressing concerns, while tourism is becoming more seasonal and less predictable due to environmental degradation. The strain on local infrastructure and ecosystems from increased tourist activities further exacerbates the village's vulnerability to climate change. This research employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing field surveys, interviews with local stakeholders, and environmental data analysis to assess the carbon emissions linked to tourism and the impact on the local community. The findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable tourism practices and stronger policy frameworks to mitigate carbon emissions, protect Pulga's environment, and enhance the community's resilience to climate change. Recommendations focus on promoting eco-friendly tourism models and supporting local adaptation efforts to ensure long-term sustainability for both the environment and the community.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Tourism, carbon footprint, Vulnerability, Climate Change, Resilience, ecofriendly tourism.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study analyzes the effectiveness of training and development programs on employees' performance at Tube Products of India, Chennai. A descriptive research design has been adopted for this study. The number of respondents is 217 from the known population of 500. Simple random sampling, which comes under the probability sampling method, has been used for the study. The number of samples taken for the study is 217. The sample size was determined by using the Krejcie and Morgan table. The research aims to evaluate how various training dimensions, such as induction programs, safety training, skill development initiatives, and career advancement opportunities, contribute to enhancing employee performance. The findings reveal that well-structured and regularly updated training programs significantly improve employee satisfaction, engagement, and overall job performance. The study concludes that organizations should continuously assess and upgrade their training modules to align with employee needs and organizational goals, thereby fostering a culture of continuous learning and development.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Training and Development Programs, Employee Performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A smart medical trolley system that uses RFID technology and built-in budget tracking to streamline inventory and purchasing processes in healthcare settings. By scanning RFID-tagged medical items, the system instantly displays details such as item name, price, and quantity on an LCD screen and a connected online platform. It also includes a budget control feature that prevents adding items once a set spending limit is reached. If adjustments are needed, a button allows users to remove items. This system helps minimize human error, ensures greater transparency, and supports more efficient and cost-effective supply management, making it a practical solution for hospitals and clinics.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Budget tracking, cost control, inventory management, RFID.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

One of the common challenges faced by internet users is dealing with long and complex web page URLs. These URLs, while essential for locating websites and enabling search engines like Google to index content, often become excessively lengthy due to the inclusion of tracking codes, campaign parameters, and other query strings. Long URLs can appear cluttered, consume more characters in messages, and may seem untrustworthy or spammy to users. Additionally, they are often difficult to memorize, rewrite, or share without errors--causing frustration and inefficiency. To address these issues, we propose the design of a URL shortening service. This service takes a long URL and converts it into a concise, easy-to-share link that redirects users to the original address. Besides saving space, short URLs are more user-friendly and can be embedded on items such as business cards or shared across social media platforms with ease. Moreover, shortened links can enhance security and trust, helping to avoid phishing or malicious link practices often associated with cryptic long URLs. Our project aims to simplify online interactions by offering a reliable, secure, and efficient URL shortening solution.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

URL Shortening, Long URLs, Web Usability, Link Management, URL Redirection, User Experience, Cybersecurity, Tracking Parameters, Social Media Sharing, Digital Communication Efficiency

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition