Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Estimating the age of a bloodstain was a complex forensic task influenced by various environmental factors. Forensic scientists examine color changes, clotting, and DNA degradation to estimate when blood was dropped in a crime scene. Bloodstains serve as valuable forensic evidence, aiding in pattern identification and DNA analysis to establish suspect involvement. It remained challenging to say exactly when a crime was committed. An accurate timeline was critical in criminal investigations because it permitted reconstruction. This research tested the chemical and organic reactions happening as a bloodstain a while, together with enzymatic hobby, bacterial degradation, and environmental effects. It additionally defined strategies for acquiring, preserving, and transporting bloodstains so they minimized infection and degradation and decay. Various methods of estimating the age of bloodstains, including biochemical, microbiological, and radiometric, spectroscopy, PCR methods, were elaborated. Familiarity with these methods in a forensic setting, along with other evidence, was essential for proper interpretation while considering possible mistakes. In addition, the research emphasized limitations and challenges of estimating bloodstain ages, like the effect of trauma, contamination, and environmental factors. Advancing research in this field could significantly enhance forensic investigations, enhancing crime scene reconstruction and criminal case timeline accuracy.

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 Keywords

Bloodstain decomposition, Bloodstain age, Age determination, Contamination and Degradation.

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The perennial plant Acorus calamus, frequently referred to as sweet flag, has long been used in a variety of medical treatments owing to its potential antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-boosting benefits. Although concerns about its toxicity and safety, especially since the substance contains the potentially dangerous chemical ?-asarone, have led to more research on its safety profile. Using its active ingredients, toxicological effects, regulatory status, and possible hazards related to its medical usage, this study attempts to gather and evaluate the most recent research on the toxicity and safety of Acorus calamus. The effects on the liver, kidneys, and reproductive systems, as well as putative carcinogenic concerns, are examined in both acute and chronic toxicity studies. The review further addresses Acorus calamus's safety when consumed in several ways, including essential oils and herbal formulations, as well as the possibility of negative drug interactions. The results show that more clinical research is necessary to develop safe usage guidelines and to comprehend the processes behind its harmful effects, especially when used in large dosages or for an extended period of time. Overall, this research highlights the significance of cautious use in herbal therapy and nutrition and offers a thorough discussion of the safety concerns surrounding Acorus calamus.

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 Keywords

Safety, toxicity, potential, vacha

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Women empowerment and gender equality have gained significant attention in the context of sustainable development and Self-Help Groups have emerged as an effective instrument for empowering women by providing them with opportunities for socio-economic growth and skill development. The present study is a descriptive in nature. This study explores the role of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in women's empowerment and skill development, focusing on Thadlaskein and Laskein blocks in West Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya. This study aims to comprehensively examine the impact of training on empowerment and skill development of Women Self Help Groups keeping in view the impact on social, economic, political and technical aspects. A sample of 12 Women SHGs (120 members) was selected using a multistage purposive-cum-random sampling method. Data was gathered through structured interviews, focus group discussions, and secondary sources like government reports and academic literature. The findings reveals that training programs conducted by Self-Help Promoting Institutions (SHPIs) significantly improved the socio-economic conditions of SHG members, enhancing their confidence, skills, and knowledge. Further, the study thus highlights the multifaceted impact of training on empowerment and skill development of Women SHG members in the respective area. However, continuous training is essential for sustained empowerment and development.

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 Keywords

Empowerment, Self -Help Group, Skill Development, Training.

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 Abstract

This Transformer oils are used to insulate and cool electrical transformers, but their petroleum-based composition is a major environmental issue because they are non-renewable and have adverse effects on ecosystems. With the increasing awareness of environmental issues worldwide, there is a growing demand for sustainable alternatives in the field of electrical engineering. Palm oil, a vegetable oil commonly used due to its desirable insulating characteristics, is a possible environmentally friendly option. Palm oil can be transformed into transformer oil with proper refining and treatment, providing a renewable and environmentally friendly substitute for conventional petroleum-based transformer oils. This project is concerned with the process of recycling used palm oil into quality transformer oil, thus minimizing the use of non-renewable petroleum products. By examining the viability of this method, the research will contribute to a more environmentally friendly solution for the electrical sector by emphasizing the benefits to the environment and waste reduction from palm oil production. The results of the research can lead to the development of palm oil as a better alternative to traditional transformer oils as a means of transitioning toward an eco-friendly and more renewable method for transformer insulation and cooling.

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 Keywords

Transformer oils, Palm oil, Electrical Engineering, Insulation, Cooling, and Petroleum based oils, Environmental Sustainability, Renewable alternatives, Eco-friendly solutions, Waste reduction, Transformer oil production, Thermal conductivity, Insulating properties.

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 Abstract

The economic performance of a country is intrinsically linked to the strength and efficiency of its banking sector, which plays a pivotal role in facilitating economic growth. Since the liberalization of the Indian economy in the 1990s, significant reforms have been introduced to enhance the productivity and operational effectiveness of banking institutions. These measures have contributed to the rapid expansion of the Indian banking industry, particularly within the private sector. This study examines the impact of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) on the profitability of private sector banks in India. Using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, and panel data regression analysis on data spanning from 2004-05 to 2013-14, the study investigates how asset quality, measured through key NPA indicators, affects bank profitability. The empirical findings reveal that variables such as Gross NPA to Gross Advances, Net NPA to Net Advances, Gross NPA to Total Assets, and Net NPA to Total Assets exert a statistically significant and negative influence on profitability. Furthermore, the study reveals a clear correlation between increasing NPA levels and deteriorating financial performance, as indicated by key indicators such as Net Interest Margin (NIM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE). The results suggest that banks with higher profitability tend to engage in more prudent lending practices, thereby mitigating the risk of asset deterioration. Overall, the study underscores the crucial role of effective NPA management in maintaining the financial health and profitability of private sector banks in India.

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Non-Performing Assets, Profitability, Private sector banks, Panel Data Regression.

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This empirical study examines how customers perceive service quality at ICICI Bank in Chennai, utilising the SERVQUAL framework to evaluate five key dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 120 respondents drawn from diverse demographic backgrounds. The research employs a descriptive and cross-sectional design, utilising statistical tools such as ANOVA and multiple regression to analyse the data. Findings reveal that among the five SERVQUAL dimensions, Reliability and Assurance emerged as the most influential determinants of customer satisfaction, while Tangibility received the lowest ratings. Although overall perceptions of service quality were positive, statistically significant demographic variations were observed in certain dimensions, underscoring the importance of tailoring services to meet the specific needs of different customer segments. The study provides practical insights for bank managers seeking to enhance service delivery and foster customer loyalty in competitive urban markets. Furthermore, it contributes to the broader literature on service quality in India's private banking sector, particularly in metropolitan areas such as Chennai.

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 Keywords

Service Quality, SERVQUAL, ICICI Bank, Perception

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study explores how Reliance Jio, India's leading telecom operator, maximizes return on investment (ROI) through targeted social media advertising. Leveraging platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and LinkedIn, Jio has crafted platform-specific campaigns that engage users, enhance brand recognition, and drive conversions. Through data-driven targeting, content localization, and real-time engagement strategies, Jio has effectively grown its customer base and brand equity. The research employs both primary and secondary methods to analyze Jio's digital marketing tactics, demonstrating a scalable and cost-effective model that other companies can emulate to boost marketing performance in the digital age.

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 Keywords

Reliance Jio, Social Media Marketing, ROI, Digital Advertising, Targeted Marketing, Customer Engagement, Brand Strategy, Data-Driven Campaigns, Telecom Marketing, India.

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Abstract: The Indian banking system, which has evolved over several decades, plays a pivotal role in meeting the diverse credit and financial requirements of individuals and businesses, thereby contributing significantly to economic development. The banking structure in India comprises scheduled banks, non-scheduled banks, cooperative banks, local area banks, and development financial institutions. In recent years, the banking sector has undergone substantial digital transformation to improve service delivery and customer experience. Mobile banking, in particular, has emerged as a preferred mode of transaction due to its convenience and efficiency. ICICI Bank, one of the leading private sector banks in India, has been at the forefront of this digital revolution with its mobile banking applications such as iMobile, Mera iMobile, and Pockets. These apps enable users to perform a wide range of banking functions including account management, fund transfers, bill payments, and investment services. The adoption of mobile banking not only enhances customer satisfaction but also reduces operational costs for banks. As digital banking continues to expand, it is expected to redefine the future landscape of financial services in India.

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 Keywords

Index Terms - Customer service, Digital transformation, Digital banking, Economic development, Financial inclusion, ICICI Bank, Indian banking system, iMobile app, Mobile banking, Scheduled banks.

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 Abstract

The advent of electronic banking (e-banking) has transformed the traditional banking paradigm by enabling seamless, real-time financial transactions through digital platforms. In India, the widespread adoption of e-banking services--driven by initiatives such as Digital India, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), and the proliferation of smartphones--has brought immense convenience, efficiency, and financial inclusivity to millions. However, this digital revolution has also exposed users and institutions to unprecedented cybersecurity risks and financial frauds. Phishing attacks, SIM swapping, malware intrusions, identity theft, and QR code scams have become increasingly sophisticated, posing a serious threat to the safety and trustworthiness of online banking. This paper critically analyzes the rise of financial cyber frauds in the Indian e-banking ecosystem and evaluates the adequacy of the legal and regulatory frameworks designed to combat such threats. It explores the role of key legislations like the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (2023), and regulatory guidelines issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in shaping a secure digital banking infrastructure. Despite the existence of legal provisions and technical safeguards, gaps persist in implementation, jurisdictional enforcement, consumer awareness, and inter-agency collaboration. Using a doctrinal and qualitative research approach, this study identifies the core challenges and suggests comprehensive reforms, including the integration of AI-driven fraud detection systems, enhanced legal enforcement, consumer education programs, and international cybercrime cooperation frameworks. The research underscores the need for a dynamic and multi-layered strategy to uphold financial cybersecurity in India. The conclusions aim to contribute to both academic discourse and policy reform, with the broader goal of creating a safer, more resilient e-banking environment that can sustain public trust and foster economic growth.

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 Keywords

E-Banking, Cyber Fraud, IT Act, RBI Guidelines, Cybersecurity, Digital Banking, India, Legal Framework

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 Abstract

Cognitive rehabilitation and mental health problems are thus major global issues that need advanced technological solutions to promote improved brain synchronization and mental health. Neuro Serenity is a resting-state EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system presented in this study to improve brain synchronization and promote mental health. There are five interconnected parts to the system: wearable EEG equipment, a customized mindfulness app, neurofeedback mechanisms, data visualization tools, and a strong integration architecture. Preliminary research indicates that Neuro Serenity's personalized approach significantly boosts brain rehabilitation and mental wellness results.

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 Keywords

Brain Computer Interfaces, BCI, Electroencephalography (EEG), Neurofeedback, EEG Signal Processing, Feature Extraction in EEG, Machine Learning

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