Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

This paper explores the symbolic interplay between nature and death in Chinua Achebe's Mango Seedling and Clark's Casualties both capture the trauma and aftermath of war in postcolonial Nigeria. Both poets draw on natural imagery not merely as aesthetic devices but as profound metaphors for mourning, memory, and national disintegration. Achebe's poem portrays the mango seedling as a gentle yet powerful symbol of cultural endurance and personal sorrow, quietly reflecting the emotional toll of colonialism and societal upheaval. In contrast, Clark's Casualties confronts the violence of the Biafran War with elegiac intensity, using environmental and elemental imagery to portray both the magnitude of loss and the disorientation of a fragmented society. Through detailed close reading and comparative analysis, this paper argues that the natural world in both poems functions as a mirror of collective suffering and a symbol of renewal. Ultimately, the study places these poetic works within the wider contexts of postcolonial ecocriticism and trauma theory, demonstrating how the poetics of nature becomes a vehicle for resisting historical erasure and for reclaiming moral and emotional coherence within a fractured landscape.

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Keywords Postcolonial poetry, Nigerian Civil War, nature symbolism, death, trauma, ecocriticism, Mango Seedling, Casualties.

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The global landscape of abortion laws is characterized by significant disparities, with a substantial portion of women of reproductive age living under highly restrictive regulations. This paper examines the profound impact of these restrictive abortion laws on maternal health, adopting a global health law perspective. It argues that such laws, rather than eliminating abortion, drive it underground, leading to a surge in unsafe procedures which are a major preventable cause of maternal mortality and morbidity, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Drawing on international human rights frameworks, the paper asserts that denial of access to safe abortion constitutes a violation of women's fundamental rights to life, health, non-discrimination, and bodily integrity. Furthermore, it explores the economic and societal consequences of restrictive abortion policies, including increased healthcare burdens, exacerbated poverty, and widening health inequities. Through case studies and an analysis of the positions of international organizations, this paper advocates for the liberalization of abortion laws, emphasizing the imperative of aligning national legislation with international human rights norms and public health imperatives to safeguard maternal health globally.

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Restrictive abortion laws, maternal health, global health law, unsafe abortion, maternal mortality, human rights, reproductive rights, public health, international law.

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Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has revolutionized content production by automating text, image, audio, and video generation. As it provides innovative functions, GenAI also presents intricate ethical challenges. This paper takes a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the ethical considerations of GenAI in content production, emphasizing problems of misinformation, bias, intellectual property rights, privacy, and accountability. Another major concern is the spread of misinformation and deepfakes that can be used to manipulate public attitudes and undermine media credibility. Furthermore, AI models built from biased data can reinforce social prejudices with discriminatory results. The paper explores where these biases originate and discusses ways to create more balanced AI systems. Intellectual property rights and authorship pose additional ethical dilemmas. Leveraging works currently created to train AI models creates controversy regarding ownership of AI-generated works and the rights of initial creators. This paper anlyzes the legal frameworks that govern intellectual property and explores the added complexities of AI-generated works. Data protection and privacy are also important issues, since GenAI models can inadvertently produce material that is a privacy infringement on people's personal information by copying sensitive information in training data. The paper addresses the ethical implications of data usage and consent for generating AI content. Through the convergence of media studies perspectives, legal systems, pedagogic practices, and technological advances, this paper hopes to achieve a holistic grasp of the ethical environment of GenAI and lay out recommendations for its responsible application

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Generative AI, content creation, ethics, misinformation, bias, intellectual property, accountability

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BACKGROUND Substance use is a complex condition characterized by the harmful use of psychoactive substances leading to physical and psychologic dependence.1According to medical science and discovery (2018) 49% of adolescence use alcohol and 22% use heroin in Assam. OBJECTIVES 1. To assess the level of Knowledge regarding adverse effects of Substance use among Secondary school Students in selected schools of Guwahati, Assam. 2. To find out the association of Knowledge regarding adverse effects of Substance use among Secondary school Students in selected schools of Guwahati, Assam with selected demographic variables. METHOD AND MATERIAL Descriptive research design was used to conduct the study. A sample size of 100 were selected using Non-probability Convenience sampling technique. The samples included in this study were those fullfills the inclusion criteria with secondary school students who were in the age group of 12- 17 years. The secondary school students studying in English medium school at St. Mary's Senior Secondary School and Green Valley Public School, Guwahati, Assam. The data collection period was scheduled on 8th April 2025 to 30th April 2025.After obtaining ethical clearance from Ethics Committee of the Institution of Neurological Science Trust GNRC complex Dispur, Guwahati, Assam. Data were collected by using structured questionnaire. Informed written consent was obtained from students. RESULTS Majority 53% of the Secondary school Students had adequate Knowledge, 44% had moderately adequate Knowledge and 3% had inadequate Knowledge regarding adverse effects of Substance use. The demographic variable study in class (p=0.016) had shown statistically significant association with level of knowledge regarding adverse effects of substance use among secondary school students at p<0.05 level respectively and the other demographic variables had not shown statistically significant association with adverse effects of substance use among secondary school students at p<0.05 level. CONCLUSION The result of the present study concluded that most of the Students had adequate Knowledge regarding Substance use.

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Knowledge, Secondary School, Students and Substance use.

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Digestive disorders are common due to irregular eating habits and stress, prompting a shift toward herbal remedies. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a digestive churna (powder) incorporating traditionally known carminative and digestive ingredients: guava leaves (Psidium guajava), cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare), and carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi). These ingredients were shade-dried, powdered, and blended in optimized proportions to create the churna. Pre-formulation studies included organoleptic evaluation, phytochemical screening, and compatibility tests. The final formulation was evaluated for parameters such as flow properties (angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr's index, and Hausner ratio), moisture content, and microbial load. In-vitro digestion simulation and assessment of digestive enzyme activity were also performed to evaluate efficacy. The results demonstrated that the formulation had acceptable physicochemical properties and showed significant enhancement in digestive enzyme activity, particularly amylase and lipase. Preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and essential oils, which may contribute to the formulation's therapeutic effects. In conclusion, the formulated churna exhibited promising digestive properties and can serve as a +natural, effective alternative for managing indigestion and related gastrointestinal discomforts. Herbal formulations have gained popularity for their efficacy and minimal side effects in managing digestive disorders. This study involves the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal digestive churna composed of guava leaves (Psidium guajava), cumin seeds (Cuminum cyminum), fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare), and carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi), each known for their traditional use in gastrointestinal health.

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Digestive churna, Guava leaves, Cumin seeds, Fennel seeds, Carom seeds, Herbal formulation.

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This project involves studying the layout, simulation and analysis of standard cell alternatives, mainly by considering Performance, ower and Area (PPA) measurements. Integrated circuit design is built on logic gates and flip-flops as standard cell blocks. This work compares inverters, NAND, NOR, XOR and flip-flops across three CMOS process nodes (180nm, 90nm and 45nm) by using Cadence Virtuoso. The aim is to make a circuit that performs properly for speed, reduces power consumption and fits within a silicon area. The analysis reveals which design is likely to use the least amount of energy.

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standard Cell and PPA Analysis.

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This paper looks at the contributions of women in Khasi indigenous architecture, focusing on their lack of visibility in a mostly male narrative. Using qualitative methods like oral histories, interviews with female architects and builders, and ethnographic observations, the study shows that women are key to the architectural work in their communities. They often serve as knowledge keepers and cultural transmitters, although their roles are not always recognized in formal architectural discussions. The results show that women's involvement goes beyond design, affecting community health and strength by creating spaces that promote social interaction and well-being. Recognizing and documenting these roles not only challenges current narratives but also stresses the need for inclusive architecture practices that respect different viewpoints. This study highlights the importance of including gender in architectural work and education, suggesting that recognizing women's contributions can create healthier living spaces and support community growth. By showcasing the experiences of Khasi women, this research calls for greater recognition of women's roles in architecture, urging policy changes to improve women's representation in both indigenous and modern architectural talks, thus fostering support for health care and community resilience.

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Khasi Architecture, Indigenous Knowledge, Gender in Architecture, Women's Roles, Community Health, Cultural Transmission, Inclusive Architecture, Social Well-being, Ethnographic Research, Architectural Education, Khasi Women, Resilient Communities.

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Agricultural productivity has become increasingly reliant on technology to tackle challenges such as climate change, resource optimization, and food security. This paper introduces a Crop Yield Prediction System integrating historical crop data with real-time weather information using the OpenWeatherMap API. The system uses machine learning models, specifically Random Forest, trained on parameters including rainfall, fertilizer use, season, and crop type. Real-time data like temperature and humidity enhance the prediction capability. Python handles the backend logic, while a Next.js-based frontend provides an interactive UI for users. Our results demonstrate improved accuracy through dynamic data integration, of

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--Crop yield prediction, machine learning, OpenWeatherMap API, Next.js, agriculture, real-time data.

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Increasing number of suicides among teenagers is one of the scary problems faced in our present-day complex society. Suicide is the second-most leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 to 24. In year 2019, India recorded annual youth suicide rates as 80 per 100,000 in females and 34 per 100,000 in males. Addressing this rising rate of suicide among children and adolescents in India or elsewhere requires a comprehensive and multifaceted approach. This paper reviews the risk factors for suicide in teenagers, to which prevention procedures could rationally be directed. A range of suicide preventive interventions including hotline and crisis services, educational and screening procedures, effective treatment of suicide attempters, minimizing opportunities for suicide imitation and controlling access to the methods most often used to commit suicide has been deliberated in this paper. The paper also dealt with frequent warning signs of distress as contemplated by youth. Parents, teachers, and friends are in a key position to pick up on these signs and get help. Most important is to never take these warning signs lightly or promise to keep them secret. When all adults and students in the social community are committed to making suicide prevention a priority and are empowered to take the correct actions, we can help youth before they engage in behaviour with irreversible consequences.

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Prevention, Suicide, Teen, Adolescence, Death, Tendencies, Mental Health, Parental Expectations

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Life skills education has emerged as a transformative approach in promoting human dignity, protecting rights, and enhancing overall happiness, especially within the framework of inclusive and value-based teacher education. Teacher educators play a pivotal role in embedding life skills in pedagogical practices to foster social justice, emotional intelligence, and personal well-being. This paper examines how life skills education acts as a catalyst for promoting dignity and rights among learners, including vulnerable populations such as the elderly and specially-abled individuals. It highlights the integration of core life skills--such as empathy, critical thinking, interpersonal skills, and self-awareness--into teacher education curricula. In an era marked by social complexity, technological advancement, and psychological stress, life skills empower future teachers to respond with compassion, adaptability, and resilience. Teacher educators, therefore, must not only deliver knowledge but also cultivate reflective practices, ethical decision-making, and inclusive mindsets. Through an examination of case studies, best practices, and policy directions from both national and global perspectives, this paper calls for a more humane and empowering approach to teaching that nurtures not only academic excellence but also life-long happiness, responsible citizenship, and the ability to uphold human rights in diverse educational settings. The goal is to reimagine teacher education as a process of human development where dignity, well-being, and emotional literacy are as essential as content mastery.

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Life Skills Education, Teacher Educators, Dignity, Rights, Happiness, Emotional Well-being

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition