Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Transparent loss allocation, effective market functioning, and equitable cost distribution among market participants, all depends on the fair and correct allocation of transmission losses in deregulated power networks. In order to identify the best and most reasonable strategies for loss allocation in competitive electricity markets, this article compares two popular loss allocation approaches: the Pro-Rata method and the Flow Tracing Technique method (FTT). Simple and easy to use, the Pro-Rata system distributes losses proportionately according to predetermined criteria like generation or demand. The Flow Tracing technique method , on the other hand, provides a more usage-based and physically precise allocation of losses by mapping the actual path of power flows from generators to loads. Standard IEEE 14 bus test system is used to compare the performance of both approaches and for optimal location and size of TCSC device, whale optimization algorithm is used for minimization of losses. The Pro-Rata approach is computationally efficient, but it is not sensitive to real network utilization, according to the results. The Pro-Rata approach is straightforward and simple to use, allocating losses proportionately according to predetermined criteria like generation or demand. In contrast, the Flow Tracing Technique provides a more usage-based and physically correct allocation of losses by allocating them according to the actual path of power flows from Generators to loads. Using standard IEEE-14 Bus systems, the effectiveness of both approaches is assessed for allocation in deregulated power systems.

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 Keywords

Deregulation, whale optimization algorithm, Pro-Rata method, Flow Tracing Technique method, loss allocation.

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 Abstract

Herbal mosquito repellents are a promising alternative to synthetic chemicals. Various studies have identified several plant-based ingredients with mosquito-repelling properties. While herbal plants can be valuable in treating malaria, it's crucial to prioritize evidence-based treatments and consult with healthcare professionals for proper diagnosis and treatment. Artemisia annua (Sweet Wormwood): Contains artemisinin, a compound used in modern antimalarial medications. The growth and spread of resistance to all first-line antimalarial drugs used in the treatment of malaria today has caused many problems in eradicating malaria in various countries in the world. Researchers have begun to look for candidates for new antimalarial drug compounds derived from natural products that have been scientifically proven to have antimalarial activity. This is done to replace antimalarial drugs that are currently experiencing resistance. Some active compounds that have been successfully isolated from various plants, including curcumin, kaempferol, piperine, andrographolide, ?-mangostin, catechin, luteolin and betulinic acid, have been scientifically tested to have antimalarial activity with different mechanisms of action. He development and dissemination of resistance to all first-line antimalarial medications now used to treat malaria has made it difficult to eradicate the disease in many nations worldwide. Scientists are now searching for potential novel antimalarial medication molecules made from natural sources that possess antimalarial properties that have been demonstrated by science. This is done in order to substitute antimalarial medications that are encountering opposition at the moment. A few potent substances that have been

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 Keywords

KEY WORDS: Malaria, Antimalarial, Curcumin, Kaempferol, Piperine, Andrographolide, ?-Mango's tin,

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This paper explores the constitutional foundations of sustainable development in India, with a particular focus on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) framework. It examines how India's Constitution integrates environmental protection, social equity, and economic justice through its Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Rights, and Fundamental Duties. Key provisions such as Articles 21, 14, 15, 39(b) and (c), 47, 48A, and 51A(g) collectively underscore the State's obligation and citizens' responsibility to safeguard the environment. The judiciary has played a pivotal role in interpreting these provisions to expand the right to a healthy environment and promote intergenerational equity. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how constitutional values are operationalized through the EIA mechanism, which mandates the assessment of environmental impacts before approving development projects. It details the EIA process, including project categorization, public consultation, and expert appraisal, emphasizing their role in promoting transparency, environmental justice, and sustainable decision-making. Despite its strengths, the EIA framework faces challenges in enforcement and inclusivity. The paper concludes that a robust constitutional and legal architecture, combined with active public participation and scientific evaluation, is essential for achieving truly sustainable and equitable development in India.

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 Keywords

Sustainable Development, Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Indian Constitution, Directive Principles of State Policy, Environmental Justice, Right to Life, Fundamental Duties

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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AtmosAlert is a full-stack web platform that bridges real-time weather data with personalized health risk predictions using integrated Machine Learning models. Built with React.js, Node.js, Express.js, and Flask, the system offers location-based alerts and forecasts alongside AI-driven insights on heatstroke, sunburn, and hydration risks. With features like user authentication, blogging, and responsive design, AtmosAlert not only informs users about changing weather conditions but also empowers them to make health-conscious decisions. The platform aims to create a smarter, safer, and more connected experience for users navigating extreme environmental conditions.

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weather monitoring, machine learning, web application, heatstroke prediction, sunburn risk, Flask, React.js

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Through this research, we would like to introduce an innovative merger of object detection and context-aware captioning to attain better interpretation of images. While the 2017 COCO dataset is for the YOLO model to recognize the objects accurately, contextually relevant captions are given out for images through the BLIP model. This integration aims to offer richer and more informative descriptions of images by merging object recognition with intelligent contextual captions. Experimental results indicate improvements in both aspects of object detection and caption generation, hence suggesting viable applications in automated image annotation as well as for accessibility purposes.

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 Keywords

Deep Learning, Object Detection, Caption Generation, Machine Learning, Contextual Captioning.

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This paper presents a CMOS-based ring oscillator designed to function as a Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for 5G mobile communication systems. The proposed architecture combines a current-starved ring oscillator with a negatively skewed delay element to enhance performance, efficiency, and tuning capabilities. Operating at a control voltage of 1.15 V and a supply voltage of 2 V, the oscillator achieves a high output frequency of 9.35 GHz with a harmonic distortion of 13.82%. The design focuses on low power consumption, compact size, and wide tuning range--key requirements for modern 5G applications. With carefully selected passive components and an optimized circuit layout, this oscillator is a promising solution for next-generation wireless devices requiring high speed and energy efficiency.

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 Keywords

5G Communication, Low Power design, High Frequency Oscillator, VLSI Design.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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When creating environments for kids with visual impairments, a multimodal approach that balances safety, accessibility, and sensory engagement is required. This study looks at the design perspectives of architects and interior designers through survey responses to identify both industry-specific objectives and shared values. Several key areas, such as the use of tactile surfaces, soft-material furnishings, and diffused lighting, exhibit strong alignment. However, there are some obvious differences: interior designers prioritize aesthetic elements, emotional comfort, and receptivity to digital aids, whereas architects prioritize high contrast images, well-organized spatial arrangements, and functional coherence. The investigation highlights how interior designers give priority to sensory enrichment and user-centered aspects, while architects approach design with an emphasis on structural coherence and navigational clarity. These findings demonstrate how interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to creating accessible living and learning environments for children with visual impairments. By combining the greatest features of both professions, it is possible to create spaces that are not only safe and easy to navigate, but also emotionally and intellectually engaging

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 Keywords

Accessibility, Aesthetic components, Architects, Collaboration, Digital aids, Emotional comfort, High contrast, Interior designers, Navigational clarity, Sensory engagement, Sensory enrichment, Soft-material furniture, Structural coherence, Tactile surfaces

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-- Fake news's widespread distribution public opinion, political stability, and social trust on a worldwide scale. This study suggests a sophisticated approach for detecting fake news that makes use on digital platforms has raised concerns about of logistic regression and natural language processing (NLP). In order to enhance reliability, the system incorporates real-time data ingestion, user feedback, and source trustworthiness score in addition to basic classification. Text preprocessing, TF-IDF feature extraction, and news article classification are all part of the methodology. The model was further improved using user interaction features and source trustworthiness analysis after being trained and assessed on publically accessible datasets. The outcomes demonstrate increased precision, openness, and flexibility for practical uses

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Natural Language Processing (NLP), TF-IDF, precision

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Foreign Direct Investment Outflow (FDIO) is the investment done by a country to the other countries. The outward foreign direct investment is the capital investment made by a home country in the foreign destinations countries. In the contemporary international economic perspective, foreign direct investment outflow is equally important as the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow for economic growth and development of an economy. Globalization and international capital movements are two way processes. As per the findings of the study, there has been an increasing trend in the foreign direct investment outflow from India during the period under the study that is from 1994 to 2023. The compound annual growth rate of the foreign direct investment outflow from India to the rest of the world has been found to be significant over the same period under the study. The major destinations of foreign direct investment (FDI) outflow from India are the countries like Singapore, Mauritius, Netherland, United States of America (USA), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), United Kingdom (UK), Hong Kong, Sudan, Australia etc. This paper is an effort to investigate the present status as well as the trend in the foreign direct investment outflow from India from the year of 1994 to 2023.

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 Keywords

Foreign Direct Investment Outflow, Outward FDI Destinations.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Riyaz has always had a vital role to make one's playing fascinating. It is not just about music but a skilled musician is also a gift of tremendous riyaz. The importance of rigorous practice has always been told but knowing "What to Practice" becomes more important. In sitar playing, while right hand creates sound, left hand gives it a direction by producing different melodic creations. Left hand has a very important role to portray imaginations of a musician and also the coordination between left and right hand is very important that makes musician's performance smooth, flawless and effective. In my research paper, I have tried to throw light on those specific practice patterns that improve left hand performance and the coordination between left and right hand. I am confident that these practice patterns will help sitar players to improve their overall playing.

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 Keywords

Sitar Playing, Practice Patterns for Left Hand and Left-Right hands coordination, Technical Riyaz, Skills

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