Volume 12 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Malaria remains one of the world's most devastating diseases, affecting hundreds of millions every year. The ability of the Plasmodium parasite to rapidly develop drug resistance calls for continuous development of new antimalarial drugs. In silico methods such as quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling, molecular docking, and virtual screening have become invaluable tools to significantly accelerate and lower the cost of antimalarial drug discovery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the application of these computational techniques to facilitate the rational design and optimization of novel antimalarial drug candidates. Specific topics covered include in silico target identification and validation, ligand-based drug design methodologies including pharmacophore modeling and QSAR studies, structure-based drug design strategies centered around molecular docking, and integration of virtual screening workflows into antimalarial drug discovery campaigns. Representative studies highlight recent advances and successes utilizing in silico tools to discover new classes of antimalarials with unique mechanisms of action. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities to apply in silico methods in the ongoing fight against malaria are discussed

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 Keywords

malaria; Plasmodium; in silico drug design; quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR); molecular docking; virtual screening

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Abstract Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are noted as exceptional candidates towards the detection and removal of specific analytes. MOFs were reported in particular for the detection/removal of environmental contaminants, such as heavy metal ions, toxic anions, hazardous gases, explosives, etc. Among heavy metal ions, mercury has been noted as a global hazard because of its high toxicity in the elemental (Hg0), divalent cationic (Hg2+), and methyl mercury (CH3Hg+) forms. To secure the environment and living organisms, many countries have imposed stringent regulations to monitor mercury at all costs. Regarding the detection/removal requirements of mercury, researchers have proposed and reported all kinds of MOFs-based luminescent/non-luminescent probes towards mercury. This review provides valuable information about the MOFs which have been engaged in detection and removal of elemental mercury and Hg2+ ions. Moreover, the involved mechanisms or adsorption isotherms related to sensors or removal studies are clarified for the readers. Finally, advantages and limitations of MOFs in mercury detection/removal are described together with future scopes.

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: Hg2+; CH3Hg+; elemental mercury; luminescent detection; adsorption isotherms; MOFs; real analysis; non-luminescent probes; organic linkers; metal nodes

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India's consumer market positioning, youthful vitality, export potential, and technological improvements make it an attractive destination for manufacturing. To realize this potential, "Make in India" was introduced. Its main objectives are to promote foreign direct investment and position India as a global center for design and manufacturing. This study evaluates the campaign's impact on GDP (Gross Domestic Production), FDI inflows (Foreign Direct Investment), and the effectiveness of government initiatives associated with the program. The article highlights the challenges faced by the Make in India initiative. The aim of the study is to provide policymakers and stakeholders with insightful advice for a self-sufficient economy and delivering useful information to help India move closer to economic independence in order to influence future policy choices and promote economic growth.

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Self-Sufficient Economy, Foreign Direct Investment, Make in India, Gross Domestic Production, Economic Growth, Export Leverage

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Bioplastic, Corn starch, Characterization, Sustainability

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This paper focuses on the conflicting emotions of various female characters in two seminal short fictions of partition literature. As the victims of gender-specific violence, particularly abduction and rape in this case, during the large-scale migration of people prior to partition, these women hold a precarious position post-recovery and restoration through the Central Recovery Act of 1949. Starting with Lalithambika Antharjanam's "A Leaf in the Storm," this paper provides a detailed study of the range of emotions experienced by the central character, Jyotirmayee Devpal, an unwed yet expectant mother who must decide the fate of her child once it is born inside the rehabilitation camp. Arguably, even though she has been restored to her motherland, with the birth of her child, she will forever remain an outcast from society. Furthermore, through the study of Rajinder Singh Bedi's short story "Lajwanti," it highlights the plight of married women like Lajjo after their acceptance by their husbands. Although her position as a wife has been restored, her husband has a difficult time acknowledging her past. As a result, she must suffer in silence and bury her trauma forever in her heart.

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 Keywords

Partition, violence, trauma, abduction, rape, rehabilitation.

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The present study assesses the outreach of Swachh Bharat Mission plan, an integrative health plan in light of divergence across the states of India .The intent was to promote solid waste management, hygiene, and cleanliness throughout the nation and to end open defecation and manual scavenging. To maintain the progress gained thus far and intensify the cleaning push even further, the mission has been extended through October 2024.The mission hopes to promote people's health and wellbeing, especially in rural regions, by encouraging cleanliness and hygiene.The mission hopes to promote people's health and wellbeing, especially in rural regions, by encouraging cleanliness and hygiene. Additionally, it has encouraged the utilisation of cutting-edge waste management techniques and technologies, such as composting, biogas facilities, and waste-to-energy initiatives.As a result, there has been a major improvement in public health, with a decline in the prevalence of illnesses brought on by unsanitary conditions.

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Solid waste management , manual scavenging, open defecation , cutting edge waste management, hygiene.

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Smart contracts, internal to blockchain platform like Ethereum, facilitate decentralized applications by automating transactions and agreements. However, they are susceptible to security vulnerabilities, as evidenced by prominent attacks such as the DAO and Parity Wallet incidents. These vulnerability stem from flaws in design and implementation, compounded by the inherent nature of Solidity scripting and blockchain immutability. To address these challenges, we conducted a comprehensive survey of 16 security vulnerabilities in Ethereum smart contracts, identifying key issues and correlating them with 19 software security concerns. Our analysis predicts the existence of numerous yet-to-be-exploited vulnerabilities. We also explored various tools for detecting smart contract vulnerabilities through static analysis, dynamic analysis, and formal verification. By presenting these security challenges alongside available detection methods, our survey aims to inform smart contract auditors and developers about potential risks and mitigation strategies. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of existing tools and methodologies, highlighting areas for further research and improvement in smart contract security auditing.

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supply chain, blockchain, survey, smart contract

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The pharmaceutical industry faces a significant challenge with the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs, which often exhibit low bioavailability. Nanocrystal technology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of these drugs. Nanocrystals, which are nanoscale particles of pure drug substance, have unique properties that enable them to improve drug dissolution rates and absorption profiles significantly. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in nanocrystal formulations and their impact on the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The primary objectives of this review are to elucidate the mechanisms by which nanocrystals enhance solubility and bioavailability, to examine the various production methods and stabilization techniques for nanocrystals, and to assess the clinical and commercial implications of these formulations. Additionally, this review aims to highlight the regulatory considerations and future directions for nanocrystal technology in pharmaceutical applications. Major findings from recent studies indicate that nanocrystals can dramatically increase the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs through size reduction and increased surface area, which enhances the dissolution rate. Furthermore, the stabilization of nanocrystals using surfactants and polymers is crucial to maintaining their efficacy and preventing aggregation. Various production techniques, including high-pressure homogenization, milling, and precipitation, have been optimized to produce stable nanocrystals with consistent properties. Clinical studies have shown that nanocrystal formulations can significantly improve the bioavailability of drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced dosage requirements. In conclusion, nanocrystal technology represents a transformative approach in the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs. The ability of nanocrystals to enhance solubility and bioavailability has been well-documented, with numerous successful applications in drug delivery systems. Future research and development in this field are expected to focus on further optimizing production techniques, exploring new stabilizing agents, and expanding the range of drugs that can benefit from nanocrystal formulations. This review underscores the potential of nanocrystals to address critical challenges in drug formulation and highlights their growing importance in pharmaceutical research and development.

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Nanocrystals, Solubility enhancement, Bioavailability, Poorly water-soluble drugs, Drug delivery systems

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General features of Kakatiya Temple Architecture in Warangal District B. Murali Krishna, Research scholar, Dept. of History & Archaeology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. Mail id: nmuralianu@gmail.com. Cell:9032924470. With the arrival of the Kakatiyas in the political arena of medieval Andhra, temple construction activities gained momentum. The monuments of the Kakatiyas spread widely throughout their kingdom gives us an opportunity to study the art and architecture of the Kakatiyas. The temple became a symbol of various socio-cultural activities during the medieval history of the Deccan. A temple is not only sacred but also a nucleus for the entire community in all its cultural and spiritual aspects.1 In those days the establishment of temples was considered one of the seven dharmas known as the Saptasantanas,2 namely one's own son, adopted son, Sahitya Krishi, an Agrahara, a garden, a tank and a temple. The Kakatiyas, in particular, gave importance to the three "T's" i.e. Tank, Temple and Town system. A tank is constructed below the current, a temple is built there, the surrounding township is developed with all facilities and many temples are found to enable people to come and settle in those townships. It was built very close to the tanks during the Kakatiya period.

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9032924470

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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It has been shown that as technology advanced and the effect of computers and the internet grew, it had an impact on a number of different industries. And today, computers are used to perform practically all tasks. The key to being in business is to swiftly transform knowledge into a product that customers desire, and nowadays, all of this is accomplished utilizing computers, software, and information systems. And the education system, which focuses on training the next generation of talent for the future, is unquestionably the foundation of civilization. The Catholic University of Mozambique now manages and declares student results manually and with a great deal of human interaction

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Student Result Management System, Research Paper, Technical Writing, Science Engineering

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition