Volume 13 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

The Common Source Amplifier is a widely used configuration in analog circuit design due to its simplicity and high voltage gain. This paper focuses on the design and simulation of a CS amplifier using CMOS technology, with applications targeted at digital to analog converter systems. The amplifier was implemented and analyzed using the Cadence Virtuoso design suite, emphasizing key parameters such as gain, output swing, bandwidth, and power efficiency. Design choices, including transistor sizing and biasing strategies, were carefully made to balance performance and area. The CS amplifier was integrated into a 4 bit digital to analog converter structure to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world signal processing tasks. Simulation results confirm that the amplifier provides sufficient gain and linearity for low-resolution digital to analog converter applications while maintaining low power consumption. This work highlights the practical design considerations and trade-offs involved in implementing CS amplifiers in modern integrated circuits.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Common Source Amplifier, Digital to Analog Converter, Analog Design, VLSI, CMOS.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Most of the places of rural India possess a treasure of natural beauty and some or the other untold historic events and stories attached to it, which are less known to the world. The paper makes an in depth analysis of Purulia district of West Bengal and analyzes its potential as a tourist destination. An analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the area has been done in order to analyze the prospect of tourism in the district. Further, suggestions on strategies for developing tourism have been provided so that the place can soon be turned into one of the most famous and attractive tourist destinations of the world while maintaining the social, ecological and cultural sustainability of the place.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Rural Tourism, Purulia, SWOT Analysis, Sustainable Tourism, Rural India, West Bengal

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study investigates the psychological factors that lead to horror experiences in video games. The main aim is to determine how environmental design, gameplay mechanics, and narrative elements trigger fear and tension in players. Qualitative methodology was employed, where a focus group of 12 regular players of different types of game genres was used. Players were watched as they played The Last of Us Part I, and then interviewed about what they experienced. The results show that sound design and lighting have the strongest effect in instilling horror. Putting players in helplessness or disempowerment situations also greatly enhances psychological tension. These findings are especially relevant to game design students, as horror is possibly the most nuanced of all genres to create. Effective horror experiences need a strong knowledge of human emotion and psychological reaction, which makes this research an effective building block for future design tactics.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

psychological horror, video games, fear, tension, environmental design, gameplay mechanics, narrative elements, qualitative research, focus group, The Last of Us, sound design, lighting, helplessness, disempowerment, game design, player experience, horror game design, human emotion, psychological reaction

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A person with digital financial literacy is equipped with the information and abilities to use digital tools to improve their financial judgment. Understanding digital financial products and services, managing digital financial risk, and being aware of consumer rights and methods for redress are all components of digital financial literacy. The primary objective of this research paper was to analyze the level of digital financial literacy among people in the Amritsar district of Punjab. A well-structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 300 respondents, who were chosen using a simple random sampling to test their level of digital financial literacy. Our analysis revealed that the degree of digital financial literacy was influenced by demographic factors such as gender, education, and residential area. We discovered that digital financial services require strategies for improving financial literacy, particularly through policy interventions, educational reforms, and digital outreach.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Financial Literacy, Digital Literacy, Digital Financial Products and Services

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) represents a significant transformation in financial reporting, aimed at enhancing transparency, comparability, and reliability of financial statements globally. In the context of Indian banks, this transition from Indian Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) to IFRS has profound implications for their financial disclosures and performance metrics. This study try to examines how the implementation of IFRS guidelines impacts key benchmark ratios such as profitability, liquidity, and solvency ratios in corporates. As still Indian banks are using the benchmark ratios which were based on IGAAP it is important to understand that after the implementation of IND AS(IFRS) in Indian corporate these benchmark ratios have changed sufficiently or not.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

IND AS, IGAAP, BENCHMARK RATIOS

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the interrelated effects of junk food consumption, sleep duration, and physical activity on obesity prevalence among adolescents. Utilizing a stratified random sampling technique, data were collected from a representative cohort of 500 secondary school students aged 12 to 18 years. The research employed structured questionnaires and standardized anthropometric assessments to evaluate dietary patterns, nightly sleep duration, physical activity frequency, and corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI). Employing a combination of descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, chi-square analyses, and independent t-tests, the study identified statistically significant associations between elevated BMI and high-frequency junk food intake. Additionally, insufficient sleep (less than 6 hours per night) and low physical activity levels were independently correlated with higher obesity rates. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of adolescent obesity and emphasize the critical need for holistic interventions that integrate nutritional education, sleep regulation, and promotion of physical exercise within school and community health frameworks.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Adolescent Obesity, Junk food consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI), Dietary Habits.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Psychoanalytical study of Beckett's dramatic endeavors revealed that his plays are predominantly plays about bringing sense to the apparently senseless; investing multiple meanings in stammering, speechlessness and even silence. The research has unraveled the mysteries of Samuel Beckett's dramas which were similar to his own chaotic and even apocalyptic state of mind. The study also asserts Samuel Beckett more as an Existentialist than as an Absurdist. His creativity is a beacon of hope and optimism against the darkest and the most morbid shades of lived and projected life experiences. It is inferred that Beckett's conscious and unconscious fashioning of his works has undoubtedly predisposed particular aspects of his writings and also his creativity.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords: Psychoanalytical Criticism, Existentialism, Repression.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Nowadays, application of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in smart buildings for optimizing indoor environmental quality and enhancing energy efficiency has rapidly increased. This paper describes an intelligent control system for managing the indoor environment of a building and analyzing occupancy using IoT technology with Raspberry Pi 3B+, DHT11, VEML7700 Sensor, and a webcam. The system developed aims to automatically control and monitor environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity, and human presence through real-time image processing. The arrangement allows for environmental responsiveness; thus a fan can be turned on when the temperature is noted to exceed a set threshold, or an occupant is detected. An LED light can be activated when the level of luminosity is low or when an occupant is present. This system not only enhances comfort of the occupants but also ensures energy optimization. The sensor data is sent in real time to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, thus allowing for live monitoring and decision making based on set thresholds. Additionally, this data is harmonized with a local XAMPP server and kept in a MySQL database for later analysis. A custom web dashboard enables historical and live data trend analysis, providing stakeholders with valuable and prompt insights into room conditions and occupancy patterns. The paper outlines the financial feasibility and scalability of the framework, and considers possibilities for its use in larger smart building systems. Results from prototype implementation show the system's reliable monitoring of environmental changes and human presence detection, accurately automating responses with minimal error. This work, therefore, advances the less affordably IoT frameworks for intelligent building automation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Internet of Things(IoT), Smart Building Automation, Indoor Environment Control, Occupant Detection, Raspberry Pi 3B+, Sensor based Automation, Real Time Monitoring, Energy Efficiency, ThingSpeak Integration, XAMPP Server.

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Metoprolol succinate is beta1-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of high blood pressure. The UV spectroscopic method has been developed for the determination of Metoprolol succinate at the wavelength range between the 200-400 nm. Metoprolol succinate showed an absorption peak at 223 nm. Linearity ranges were found as 2-50 microgram. Developed method was found to be validated and showed good precision and reproducibility. Forced degradation studies were performed by subjecting Metoprolol succinate to stress conditions such as acid & base hydrolysis, oxidation, thermal degradation and photolysis. The degraded samples were further analysed by using the developed method to determine the degradation behaviour and the amount of Metoprolol succinate degraded.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Metoprolol, cardioselective, isopropylamino, adrenoreceptors,

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

1. ABSTRACT Elaeocarpus ganitrus (syn: Elaeocarpus sphaericus: Elaeocarpaceae) is a large evergreen big-leaved tree. Elaeocarpus ganitrus is a medium sized tree occurring in. Nepal, Bihar, Bengal, Assam, Madhya Pradesh and Bombay, and cultivated as an ornamental tree in various parts of India. Hindu mythology believes that, anyone who wears Rudraksha beads get the mental and physical prowess to get spiritual illumination. According to Ayurvedic medicine Rudraksha is used in the managing of blood pressure, asthma, mental disorders, diabetes, gynecological disorders and neurological disorders. The Elaeocarpus ganitrus is an inhabitant shrub that has a good rich history of traditional uses in medicine. Present review has been attempting to make to collect the botanical, ethnomedicinal, pharmacological information and therapeutic utility of Elaeocarpus ganitrus on the basis of current science.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Keywords : chromatography,spectroscopy, DNA analysis, phytochemicalprofiling

  License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition