Volume 12 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Indian English literature reflects events in the outside world and paints an accurate picture of social reality. In an effort to raise awareness, Indian writers strive to capture the complexity of female emotions and behavior in their works. Contemporary writers use literature to reaffirm contemporary themes such as gender conflict, social injustice, and the perception of the professional world, among others. Among these Sudha Murty's Mahashweta is a heart touching book that raises awareness of leukoderma, a treatable white skin patch, among readers worldwide and addresses traditional socio-familial concerns. Dr. Anand doesn't advocate for his wife against society and her orthodox mother. Anupama rejects her husband in this novel and embraces her new life as an assistant professor and theater director for college students at Bombay which is her own passion. As a result of her education, oppression, strength and action, she portrays herself the real-life heroic role in 'Mahashweta'.

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 Keywords

Socio-familial, Tradition, Leukoderma, Oppression, Awareness.

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This study explores the sociological dimensions of women vegetable vendors contribute a significant role in the informal sector in building up a stronger economy. Street vending is a profession and the source of livelihood, which is the way of life for the millions of marginalized people in India. The sociological dimensions of women vegetable vendors, the research also focuses on their socio-economic status, daily challenges, and the cultural dynamics that shape their lives. This study draws on the in-depth interview of the research aims to analyze the socioeconomic status of women vegetable vendors, and understanding the economic conditions of these women their financial vulnerabilities and the sustainability of their livelihoods and to identify and document the daily challenges faced by women vegetable vendors in their work environments provide an in-depth understanding of the factors influencing their work and social interactions. For this purpose, primary data was collected from 100 respondents. Data was tabulated and analyzed with the help of statistical tools to achieve the objectives of the study.

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Keywords: Women Vegetable Vendors, Socio-economic Status, Vulnerable to Diseases and Gender Roles etc,,

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The Chlor-alkali industry discharges its effluent and solid waste containing mercury in to Rushikulya River contaminating the river water, estuary and Bay of Bengal. Estuarine fish was collected from the contaminated estuary and sold in the local market and at places nearby. The present piece of work was planned to study the impact of effluent waste discharged from a Chlor-alkali industry on the estuarine fish. Mercury contained effluent significantly affected the estuarine organisms like fishes, crab and prawn. Physico-chemical analysis of the water samples in 8 sites, one located in the effluent channel, and 7 other sites on the Rushikulya River, where the effluent joins the river and the estuary were carried out. Monthly variations of few parameters were studied in all the eight stations selected for the purpose. Two sites in the upstream of the river before the effluent joining point, second, the joining point of the effluent channel with the river. All the tested physico-chemical variables showed normal and natural seasonal variation based on selection of sites / stations in the contaminated area. The leached chemicals from the solid waste dump site had moderate impact on the physico-chemical variable at all stations prior to effluent joining point. The effluent significantly altered the phyco-chemical properties at the down stream / estuary. The effluent waste showed serious impact on estuarine fishes and because of the effluent waste discharge on this site, the breeding of marine fishes was serious affected. The impact became more serious because of mercury concentration in the environment. The other physico-chemical variable had no significant effect because of dilution factor. No significant relationship exists between residual mercury concentration in fish body with either body length or weight of the fish collected from the contaminated estuary. Residual mercury in fish body depends on the availability and retention time of the fishes at the contaminated site. Residual mercury availability was high during in estuarine fish body was high till 2015, low levels of residual mercury was found in the estuarine fishes. In contrast in 2015, low mercury residue was noted in few fishes and in many estuarine fishes residual mercury was not detected or recorded. Availability of residual mercury in brain, liver and muscle tissues of the contaminated estuarine fishes warrants attention.

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Chlor-alkali industry, effluent, Rushikulya River, Estuary, Estuarine fish.

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Over 1.42 billion people call India home, with 70% residing in rural regions. Every day, the number of people on Earth grows, and as this population grows, so does the need for energy. The Indian government's goal of achieving 175 GW through renewable energy resources is being pursued by the MNRE in collaboration with the NITI, Aayog. Increasing the amount of energy derived from renewable sources rather than traditional ones is crucial in the modern world. The most economical and practical energy sources come from renewable sources. Sustainable development and renewable energy are, therefore, closely related. Sustainable and eco-friendly, renewable energy sources are unconventional. Contemporary technology can be directly replaced by renewable energy technology. Renewable energy can help us replace fossil fuels with cleaner energy sources, saving more energy and benefiting the environment. The review study goes into great elaboration about India's use of renewable energy. Additionally, as the difficulties faced by other countries are comparable to India's, the policies and recommendations of the Indian government are examined in detail to support the development of renewable energy generation both domestically and internationally. The goal of this study barriers face adopting the renewable energy. The findings of the study will be helpful for academics, researchers, and policymakers.

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Renewable energy, Renewable energy barriers, Opportunities, Policy recommendations, and India

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The ocular in situ gel formulation of Naphazoline Hydrochloride, using novel polymers, offers a promising alternative to conventional eye drops. It provides improved bioavailability, sustained drug release, and enhanced patient compliance. Further clinical evaluations are recommended to confirm these findings and to fully establish the therapeutic potential of this innovative drug delivery system for ocular treatments. The physical examination of Naphazoline hydrochloride indicated that it is a white crystalline powder with an odorless and unpleasant taste. Naphazoline hydrochloride showed good solubility in methanol, ethanol, distilled water, phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), and 0.1 N NaOH, being freely soluble or soluble in each. However, it was just slightly soluble in chloroform but easily soluble in 0.1 N HCl. The moisture content of naphthalene hydrochloride was determined using Karl Fischer titration, which yielded 0.0494%. This implies a low moisture level, which is ideal for the compound's stability and quality. The FTIR spectrum of naphthalene hydrochloride revealed distinctive peaks that corresponded to the compound's numerous functional groups. These include peaks for aliphatic and aromatic C-H stretching, C-H bending, C-N stretching, and C-Cl stretching. To summarize, the produced in situ gel formulations show good physical features, drug content homogeneity, pH compatibility, gelling capability, and sustained drug release characteristics. These findings lay the groundwork for future preclinical and clinical research, with the potential to translate into therapeutic applications for a variety of medical diseases.

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Naphazoline Hydrochloride, Situ Gel, Novel Polymers, Oculer Drug Delivery System.

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The tumour microenvironment (TME) is essential for the advancement, spread, and resistance to therapy of cancer. The NF-?B pathway is a crucial regulatory mechanism in the tumour microenvironment (TME) that influences several biological processes, including as inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation, and survival. This abstract examines the complex connection between the tumour microenvironment (TME) and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) pathway, emphasizing their combined impact on cancer progression and treatment outcomes. The tumour microenvironment (TME) consists of a diverse range of cellular and non-cellular constituents, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and signaling molecules. Together, these components form an intricate and interrelated system that facilitates the development of tumours. In this particular situation, the NF-?B pathway is often activated in an unusual way, leading to the creation of an inflammatory environment that supports the growth and survival of cancer cells. Persistent activation of NF-?B in cancer cells may trigger the activation of genes that promote angiogenesis, suppress apoptosis, and create an inflammatory milieu that supports tumour proliferation.Moreover, the interaction between cancer cells and the supporting elements of the tumour microenvironment (TME) via NF-?Bsignaling pathways might influence immunological responses, resulting in evasion and inhibition of the immune system. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are often found in the tumour microenvironment (TME), play a crucial role in boosting NF-?Bsignaling, hence influencing this process significantly. Consequently, they improve the settings that inhibit the immune system inside the microenvironment.Therapeutically, focusing on the NF-?B pathway offers a hopeful strategy to disrupt the supporting function of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in cancer development. Preclinical investigations have shown that NF-?Bsignaling inhibitors have the ability to decrease tumour development and enhance the effectiveness of conventional therapy. Due to the intricate structure of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and the many impacts of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B), it is crucial to thoroughly evaluate possible adverse reactions and devise techniques to accurately target the route inside the TME. Gaining insight into the correlation between the tumour microenvironment (TME) and the NF-?B pathway is crucial for acquiring information about cancer biology and formulating efficient treatment approaches. The ongoing interaction between NF-?Bsignalling and the elements of the tumour microenvironment (TME) underscores the need for comprehensive approaches in cancer therapy that target both internal and external features of the tumour.

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Tumour proliferation, chronic inflammation, activation of NF-Kb pathway

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The tribal people of Jharkhand mainly depend on leafy vegetables (LVs) as part of their traditional meals. The majority of rural communities in Jharkhand rely on plants and their parts to meet their daily needs, which has led to the development of specialized knowledge regarding their use. This study investigates the traditional knowledge of the Oraon tribes in the Gumla district of Jharkhand regarding the variety and application of LVs in daily life. There are 37 distinct herbs, shrubs, climbers, weeds, and tiny trees that belong to several families that have been identified. The majority of these plants can be consumed raw or after being properly processed as vegetables or medications. However, it has been discovered that overexploitation, unsustainable harvesting for food and medicine, and a number of other biotic interferences, including as grazing, herbivory, and man-made fires, have reduced the diversity of LVs in Jharkhand. To satisfy demand in the future, these special LVs must be conserved and utilized effectively. In addition, more investigation is necessary regarding the nutritional benefits and medicinal potentials of LVs, providing traditional meals and herbal medicines a solid basis in research.

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Traditional knowledge, LVs, Nutrition, Medicine, Oraon tribe

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The integration of hand gesture recognition with Python and Arduino offers an innovative and interactive approach to control LEDs. This project explores the fusion of computer vision and microcontroller technology to enable users to manipulate lighting elements using simple hand movements. The abstract delves into the key components and methodologies involved in this exciting endeavour. The presentation begins with an introduction to the motivation behind the project, highlighting the growing interest in gesture-based interfaces for various applications. It then proceeds to explain the hardware setup, consisting of a webcam and an Arduino board and the software components, which encompass Python's OpenCV library for gesture recognition and Arduino's programming for LED control. The heart of the project lies in computer vision, where the webcam captures live video input. The OpenCV library processes this input, recognizing predefined hand gestures such as swipes, pinches, or specific hand positions. The recognized gestures are then translated into commands for the Arduino board, which controls the illumination of LEDs accordingly .The abstract further discusses the advantages of this approach, emphasizing its potential for user-friendly and intuitive control in various contexts, including home automation, interactive installations, and accessibility applications. Additionally, it explores the educational value of this project, serving as an engaging tool for learning about computer vision, Python programming, and microcontroller interfacing. In conclusion, the integration of hand gesture recognition with Python and Arduino presents an exciting and accessible avenue for controlling LEDs. This project offers an interactive and educational experience that showcases the synergy of computer vision and embedded systems, paving the way for creative and user-friendly applications in diverse fields. This project introduces an AI-based smart lighting system integrated with a camera for enhanced functionality. The system employs computer vision algorithms to analyze the surrounding environment and adjust the lighting conditions accordingly. The camera serves dual purposes by capturing real-time visual data and facilitating user interaction. The synergy of artificial intelligence and camera technology offers an innovative solution for adaptive and efficient lighting in various contexts.

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 Keywords

Iot, Led, Python, Sensor

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The microbiome in our gut is very important for many bodily functions and has been linked to the development of several diseases. Metabolic disorders like type 1 diabetes and hyperammonaemia have been linked to dysbiosis, which is an imbalance in the gut microbial population. The point of this study was to use bioinformatics to compare the gut microbiome makeup and functional profiles of people with type 1 diabetes and hyperammonaemia. Bioinformatics tools were used to check the metagenomic sequences for quality, identify taxonomic groups, and label their functions. Comparative studies were done to find out which taxa and functional pathways were more common or less common in the disease groups compared to the healthy controls. Taxonomic profiling showed that people with type 1 diabetes and hyperammonaemia had different microbial signatures than healthy controls. Lack of butyrate-producing bacteria like Faecal bacterium and Roseburia was seen in the type 1 diabetes group, while Proteobacteria and other pro-inflammatory taxa were more common. The hyperammonaemia group, on the other hand, had more urease-producing bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. In both disease groups, functional annotation showed changes in metabolic pathways linked to the breakdown of carbohydrates and amino acids. This study shows the utility of bioinformatics approaches in elucidating the distinct gut microbiome signatures associated with type 1 diabetes and hyperammonaemia. The observed differences in microbial composition and functional profiles provide insights into the possible roles of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of these diseases. These results lay the groundwork for future research investigating the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target or diagnostic biomarker for metabolic disorders.

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Keywords: Gut microbiome, type 1 diabetes, hyperammonaemia, metagenomics, bioinformatics, taxonomic profiling, functional annotation, comparative analysis.

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Microplastics pollution has emerged as a pervasive / comprehensive environmental challenge, posing significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, wildlife, and human health. This abstract provides an overview of the sources, distribution, and adverse impacts of microplastics pollution in river systems. It emphasizes the urgent need for effective removal strategies to mitigate the escalating environmental and health risks associated with microplastics contamination. Various methodologies for microplastics removal from rivers are discussed, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches, each with distinct advantages and limitations. The abstract highlights the importance of considering factors such as efficiency, scalability, cost- effectiveness, and environmental sustainability when evaluating removal techniques. Furthermore, it underscores the interconnectedness of river ecosystems with larger marine environments, emphasizing the role of rivers as conduits / channels for microplastics transport. By prioritizing the development and implementation of innovative removal technologies, alongside comprehensive waste management and pollution prevention measures, this abstract advocates for a proactive approach to address microplastics pollution in rivers. Ultimately, concerted efforts from stakeholders across sectors are crucial to safeguarding freshwater resources and mitigating the broader impacts of microplastics contamination on global ecosystems and public health.

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Microplastics, Plastics, Plastics Removal, Membrane, Filtration, River Pollution.

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