Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Tennis elbow, also known as lateral epicondylitis and in ayurveda its can corelate with snayugat vaata, is a painful musculoskeletal disorder characterized by pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle due to repetitive strain and micro trauma of the extensor tendon origin. In Ayurveda, the clinical presentation of tennis elbow can be correlated with Snayugata Vata, where aggravated Vata Dosha localizes in the Snayu (tendons/ligaments) around the Kurpara Sandhi (elbow joint), producing pain, stiffness, tenderness, and restricted movements. Conventional management including analgesics, corticosteroid injections, and physiotherapy often provides static relief and may be associated with recurrence or adverse effects. Hence, there is a need for safe and effective alternative management. This single case study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Jalaukavacharana in the management of Snayugata Vata (tennis elbow). A Patient having below complaints treated movements was treated with Jalaukavacharana at weekly intervals along with appropriate Ayurvedic supportive medicines. Assessment was carried out on the basis of subjective and objective parameters including pain score, tenderness, range of motion, and functional ability before and after treatment. After completion of therapy, significant improvement was observed in pain, tenderness, grip strength, and range of motion, with marked reduction in difficulty during daily activities. The therapeutic effect be attributed to the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticoagulant, and microcirculatory enhancing properties of bioactive substances present in leech saliva such as hirudin and calin. From an Ayurvedic perspective, Jalaukavacharana helps in removal of vitiated Rakta and pacification of aggravated Vata ,Pitta Dosha at the affected site.

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 Keywords

Tennis Elbow,Jalaukavcharan,Snayugat vaat,Lateral Epicondylytis.

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 Abstract

Schiff bases are important organic compounds containing an azomethine group (-C=N-) formed by the condensation reaction between primary amines and aldehydes or ketones. These compounds possess significant biological activities and have the ability to form stable complexes with transition metal ions such as zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, and iron. In the present study, a Schiff base was synthesized using benzaldehyde and aniline, followed by preparation of its zinc metal complex. The synthesized compounds were comparatively evaluated for their antimicrobial activity using a bread preservation test. The Schiff base showed moderate inhibition of fungal growth, whereas the metal complex demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial activity and improved bread preservation ability. The increased activity of the metal complex may be attributed to the chelation effect, which enhances lipophilicity and penetration into microbial cells. The study concludes that Schiff base metal complexes possess better antimicrobial potential than free Schiff base ligands and may serve as promising compounds for future antimicrobial applications.

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 Keywords

Schiff base, Metal complex, antimicrobial activity, Azomethine group, Benzaldehyde, Aniline, Zinc complex, Chelation, Bread preservation test.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This was the third time when demonetization in India took place. This time with the objective to combat black money, counterfeit currency and terrorist financing. Currency notes with the denominations of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 were withdrawn from circulation which accounted for around 86% of the total value of the currency. It caused great sufferings to the whole population of India particularly to rural Indians with limited access to financial and digital infrastructure. This historic economic policy decision of demonetization was supposed to be a game-changer. It has indeed caused disruption on a huge scale which lasted for longer duration. It has resulted to the economic slow-down to some extent as its ultimate cost. This study aims to analyze the impact of demonetization on rural economy. It is an attempt to find out the immediate and long-term impact of demonetization to villagers. It may be beneficial to policy makers as a road map to improvise the implementation of any such move which will maximize positive impact at the time of its effect and the impact of demonetization now, after a decade.

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 Keywords

Demonetization, rural economy, farmers, villagers, currency, banking, impact, note-ban.

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In this paper I examined the rise of the Rohilla Afghans and their conflict with the Nawab of Awadh. In the eighteenth century with the weakening of Mughal power they established themselves as an independent power. this paper also focuses the causes of their rise territorial expansion their economic interest political ambitions and the role of the British east India Company. It will also analyze the causes of the first and second rohilla wars which known as the Rohilla war. After this war their power weakened and influence in Awadh to an end.

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Rohilla, Nawab, Awadh

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The paper addresses the sacredness of woods, hills, rivers, trees, animals and natural forces among the Saura people as holy beings inhabited by spiritual energies and ancestral spirits. Their religious beliefs and social traditions advocate the balance between people and the environment, the sustainable use of natural resources and the preservation of biodiversity. The study also talks about the symbolic portrayal of nature in Saura art and rituals especially in traditional wall murals and agricultural celebrations. The thesis also further analyses the current issues faced by the Saura tribe such as deforestation, relocation, modernization, cultural erosion and climate change, which pose a danger to their ecological traditions and cultural identity. The research suggests that the eco-spiritual worldview of the Saura tribe has important lessons for current environmental ethics, sustainable development and ecological conservation. The study indicates that the eco-spiritual traditions of the Saura tribe are an important indigenous ecological philosophy based on appreciation for nature, coexistence and collective environmental responsibility. They are vital for the promotion of ecological harmony and cultural variety in the present-day society via the preservation of their cultural legacy and traditional ecological knowledge.

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 Keywords

Keywords: Eco-Spirituality, Saura Tribe, Nature Worship, Environmental Ethics, Indigenous Knowledge, Sacred Groves, Tribal Religion, Ecological Conservation, Sustainable Living, Ancestral Spirits, Tribal Culture, Human, Nature Relationship.

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Bacillus species have been recognized as a significant microorganism associated with traditional fermented foods globally. Their ability to produce enzymes, antimicrobial compounds, and bioactive peptides during fermentation enhances the nutritional, sensory, and functional properties of these foods. The roles of Bacillus in producing functional foods and nutraceuticals have been increasingly gaining attention due to their ubiquitous and highly durable nature. The products, enriched with specific bioactive components, offer various health benefits beyond basic nutrition and the market of such products has been rapidly expanding. This review delves into the multifaceted role of Bacillus in food fermentation and explores its potential in developing functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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Bacillus, Antimicrobial, Bioactive, Sensory, Nutraceuticals

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The cabin floor is one of the most important structural components in a commercial vehicle Body-in-White (BIW), contributing significantly to global stiffness, vibration control, and passenger comfort. Due to its large and thin sheet metal geometry, the cabin floor is highly susceptible to low-frequency vibration and structural resonance, which negatively affect Noise, Vibration, and Harshness (NVH) performance. Traditional stiffness improvement methods such as thickness increase and additional reinforcements often lead to increased vehicle mass and manufacturing cost. To overcome these limitations, topography optimization has emerged as an efficient Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) technique for improving stiffness through optimized bead generation without adding extra material. This review paper presents a comprehensive study of topography optimization methods applied to automotive floor structures, focusing on stiffness enhancement, natural frequency improvement, and NVH performance. Various research studies, optimization methodologies, design constraints, and commercial software tools used in topography optimization are reviewed. The study also identifies current research gaps related to commercial vehicle cabin floor applications and highlights future opportunities in vehicle-level optimization.

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 Keywords

Optistruct, Hypermesh, Catia, Topography Optimization

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Driver drowsiness is one of the major causes of road accidents worldwide, leading to serious injuries and loss of life. Detecting driver fatigue at an early stage can significantly reduce the risk of accidents. This paper presents a real-time Driver Drowsiness Detection and Alert System using Machine Learning and Computer Vision techniques. The proposed system continuously monitors the driver's facial expressions using a camera and analyzes eye movements, blinking patterns, and yawning behavior. Facial landmark detection and Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) are used to identify signs of drowsiness. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is employed to classify the driver's state as alert or drowsy. When drowsiness is detected, the system triggers an alarm to alert the driver and can also send the vehicle's live location to a registered contact for emergency assistance. The proposed system is cost-effective, reliable, and suitable for both personal and commercial vehicles. Experimental results demonstrate an accuracy of 83.25% in detecting changes in facial expressions under varying lighting conditions.

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Driver drowsiness, Machine Learning, Facial Landmark Detection, Support Vector Machine, OpenCV, Eye Aspect Ratio

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Measurable signs known as biomarkers are used to diagnose illnesses, track their development, and assess the efficacy of therapies. Important biomarkers for kidney stone disease, diabetes, and cancer--three major global health issues--are covered in this review. Circular RNAs, survivin, protein markers, circulating tumour DNA, and exosomes are examples of biomarkers in cancer that help in early identification, outcome prediction, and targeted therapy guidance. Serum indicators, cardiac markers, HbA1c, circular microRNAs, and glycated albumin are examples of diabetes biomarkers that can evaluate glucose control, identify problems early, and enhance diagnosis. Calcium oxalate-binding proteins and metabolic markers are examples of kidney stone biomarkers that help in early stone risk assessment and improved recurrence treatment. These biomarkers are crucial instruments for contemporary clinical practice since they enhance diagnosis, tracking, and individualised treatment.

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Biomarkers,Precision medicine , Cancer biomarkers ,Diabetes biomarkers ,Kidney stone disease HbA1c ,microRNA

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Herbal tea is gaining wide acceptance as a natural and healthy beverage because of its therapeutic value and refreshing nature. These beverages, also known as tisanes, are prepared using different medicinal plants, herbs, spices, flowers, and roots that possess beneficial biological properties. Herbal teas have been traditionally consumed in many cultures as part of daily lifestyle practices and social gatherings. They are believed to help improve immunity, reduce stress, promote relaxation, and maintain overall health and well-being. Since most herbal teas are naturally caffeine-free, they are considered a suitable alternative to conventional tea and other stimulant beverages. Herbal teas are generally prepared by infusion or decoction of selected herbal ingredients soaked or boiled in water to obtain the required extract. Herbal teas contain several naturally occurring phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins contributing to their antioxidant and medicinal activities. In herbal teas, these bioactive compounds may possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, digestive and immunity enhancing properties. Various herbal ingredients such as ginger, peppermint, tulsi, chamomile, cinnamon and lemongrass are used either alone or in combination to enhance the flavor and therapeutic efficacy. The present study deals with formulation and evaluation of herbal tea prepared from selected medicinal herbs. The study was aimed at developing a flavorful, safe and health promoting beverage with acceptable sensory characteristics and beneficial pharmacological properties.

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 Keywords

Herbal Tea, Camellia sinensis, Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, Medicinal Herbs, Tisanes

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition